TABLE OF CONTENT · 8 1. SITUATION ANALYSIS 1.1. Background Recognizing the socio-economic potential and rich natural/cultural heritage of the Niger River but also the alarming consequences

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TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBEVIATIONS................................................................................ 6

1. Situation analysis ........................................................................................................... 8

1.1. Background .........................................................................................................................8

1.2. Barriers to achieving pollution reduction .............................................................................9

1.3. Baseline Description of Pollution in the Niger River Basin ................................................... 10

1.4. Indicative hotspots and criteria for pilot enterprise selection ............................................. 12

2. Strategy ....................................................................................................................... 18

2.1. Project rationale and policy conformity ............................................................................. 18 2.1.1. Niger Basin Authority: Roles, Responsibility and Challenges. ......................................................... 18

2.2. HOT SPOT and TEST Approach ........................................................................................... 19

2.3. TEST Integrated Approach ................................................................................................. 20

2.4. Outcome, Outputs, and Activities ...................................................................................... 24 2.4.1. Expected outcome ............................................................................................................................. 24 2.4.2. Expected Outputs and Activities ....................................................................................................... 24

2.5. Expected GEB under TEST .................................................................................................. 29

2.6. Gender Mainstreaming ...................................................................................................... 29

2.7. Sustainability and Replicability .......................................................................................... 29

2.8. Potential sources of (subsidized) venture capital for investments in EST ............................. 30

2.9. Co-financing ...................................................................................................................... 30

3. Project Results Framework............................................................................................ 31

4. Total budget and workplan ........................................................................................... 36

4.1. Overall Budget .................................................................................................................. 36

4.2. UNDP-UNIDO Budget ........................................................................................................ 36

4.3. Inputs under TEST ............................................................................................................. 40 4.3.1. Counterparts inputs .......................................................................................................................... 40 4.3.2. UNIDO inputs ..................................................................................................................................... 40 4.3.3. International experts ......................................................................................................................... 40 4.3.4. Regional/National Project Coordinator, National Experts and Project Support Staff ....................... 41 4.3.5. Sub-contract ...................................................................................................................................... 41

5. Management Arrangements ......................................................................................... 42

5.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 42

5.2. Overall Prpject Steering and Coordination ......................................................................... 43 5.2.1. Project Steering Committee (PSC) ..................................................................................................... 43 5.2.2. Project Coordination Team (PCT) ...................................................................................................... 43

5.3 Project Coordination Unit .................................................................................................. 44

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5.4 Collaborative arrangements related to the overall NBA/OSS-ITTAS project ......................... 45

6. Monitoring Framework, Reporting and Evaluation ........................................................ 45

6.1. M&E workplan and budget ................................................................................................ 48

6.2. Audit................................................................................................................................. 49

7. Legal Context ................................................................................................................ 50

ANNEX I: UNIDO LOGICAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................. 52

ANNEX II: UNIDO INDICATIVE BUDGET ................................................................................. 54

ANNEX III: Rationale for UNIDO Selection and Prior Obligations and Prerequisites ............... 57

Annex 3: Social and Environmental Screening Template ....................................................... 59

Annex 4: Terms of Reference for PSC and Key Project Staff ..................................................... 68

Annex 5: Co-Financing Letters ............................................................................................... 79

Annex 6: Detailed Terms of Reference for Component 3 Task Leader ...................................... 80

LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1: Complementary criteria for the selection of short-list pilot enterprises for TEST ............. 13 Table 3.2: Baseline information of potential pollution hotspots in the Niger River basin for TEST . 14 Table 3.3: Expected Outputs and Activities ................................................................................................ 24

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBEVIATIONS

ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development

APR Annual Project Review BAT Best Available Techniques

BEP Best Environmental Practices

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

CILSS Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahelian Zone

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EMA Environmental Management Accounting

EMS Environmental Management System

GEB Global Environmental Benefits

GEF Global Environmental Facility

GIS Geographic Information System

IAS Iullemeden Aquifer System

IGO Intergovernmental Organization

ITTAS Iullemeden Taoudeni Tanezrouft Aquifer System

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

IW International Water

IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MDG Millennium Development Goal

MFCA Material Flow Cost Accounting

NBA Niger Basin Authority

NBO Niger Basin Observatory

NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development

NFP National Focal Point

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

OSS Sahara and Sahel Observatory

PCU Project Coordinating Unit

PIF Project Identification Form

PIR Project Implementation Reports PMU Project Management Unit

POP Persistent Organic Pollutants

RECP Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production

RLWDT(/NB) Reversing Land and Water Degradation Trends in the Niger River Basin

SAP Strategic Action Program

SBAA Standard Basic Assistance Agreement

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TDA Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

TEST Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology

TSS Total Suspended Solid

UEMOA West African Economic and Monetary Union

UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework

UNDP CO United Nations Development Program Country Office

UNDP RCU United Nations Development Program Regional Coordination Unit

UNDP United Nations Development Program

UNEP United Nations Environmental Program

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

WMU Water Management Unit

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1. SITUATION ANALYSIS

1.1. Background

Recognizing the socio-economic potential and rich natural/cultural heritage of the Niger River but also the alarming consequences facing its basin because of desertification and unsustainable natural resource exploitation practices, a transboundary diagnostic analysis (TDA) was carried out by the RLWDT/NB project. The TDA analysis revealed that most of the environmental problems are derived from (i) land degradation (vegetal coverage and soils), (ii) water resource degradation (water shortage and pollution), (iii) loss of biodiversity (flora, fauna and biotope), and (iv) degradation of the living environment (pauperization of the populations, invading aquatic vegetal species, climate variability).

In order to address these environmental issues, UNDP and UNEP have supported the Niger Basin Authority (NBA) and the Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) to submit to the GEF a Project Identification Form (PIF) to secure funding from the International Waters Focal Area to finance a regional project entitled “Improving IWRM, knowledge-based management and governance of the Niger Basin and the Iullemeden-Taoudeni/Tanezrouft Aquifer System (ITTAS)”. PIF was approved by GEF Council in March 2014. In the PIF, three factors have been identified as contributing to the decrease of the water quality of the Niger River:

(a) The industrial pollution

Along the Niger River, industrial activities are concentrated on block-making factories, agro-food industries (milk production factories, slaughtering houses, oil production factories, soap production factories, etc.), textile industries tanneries and dying industries. They are source of pollution due to the lack of purification mechanism and system for controlling the rejection of effluents in the river. In Nigeria, several large scale industries are developed alongside the river in which they directly reject, without control of prior processing, their industrial effluents: the Nigerian Sugar Company (Bacita), Premier Brewerer, PLC (Onitsha), and petrochemical Industries. The development of cotton cultivation and the promotion of some economic activities in the sectors of agriculture, animal rearing and fishing especially, should contribute to upgrade the industrialization level in the basin.

(b) The mining pollution

The pollution of the waters in the Upper Niger basin in Guinea is mainly due to the presence of mining industries with chemicals used in the mineral processing (namely cyanide for gold processing). In Chad, gold indexes were found in the alluviums of many rivers and streams exploited by gold washing. Other mineral resources are known and some of them have already been exploited: talc, marble, platinum, malachite, copper, and galena. Important limestone deposits must be exploited for the production of cement and lime. Granites are exploited for the production of road aggregates. In Benin, apart from the small holders using traditional rudimentary means and the clandestine gold washers, there is no big activity on the entire national portion of the basin. However, potentialities exist and strategic plans are being developed so as to make dynamic the activities in the sector.

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The Niger Basin Strategic Action Program (SAP) recognized the need for all industries (mining, agro foods, textiles, tanneries, etc.) to take into account, the environmental and social aspects in the rules on the management of the industrial installations in other to encourage the sustainable management of natural resources. SAP options are mainly directed on developing /implementing pollution control measures through assessment and definition of water quality standards to respect. Additional measures are proposed to restore the ecology of the infested sites. However, the main roots of cause remain the capacity of industries to meet social and environmental responsibilities in their daily process.

(c) Agricultural and various other pollution sources leading to proliferation of aquatic weeds

Among others, 2 causes have been identified as the immediate reasons of proliferation of aquatic plant species identified in the TDA/SAP: (i) nutrients (organic matter and fertilizer), pesticides and chemical substances entering the river; (ii) direct discharge of pollutant effluents into the principal riverbed.

The deep-rooted causes of proliferation of aquatic plant species: (i) Absence of quality standards, laws and standardized regulations concerning water; (ii) Failure to apply regulations on water pollution; Urban growth along rivers; (iii) Lack of education and awareness of populations; (iv) Insufficient monitoring/rigorous and coordinated control of quality of river water; (v) Inexistence of administrative structures responsible for managing the sources of diffusion of pollution in agriculture. The most characteristic invasive aquatic species in the basin are the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), the water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and reeds such as Typha australis. The invasion of the river by the proliferation of aquatic plants disrupts the ecological balance, restricts certain economic activities, blocks hydroelectric infrastructures and creates conditions favourable to the development of many disease-carrying aquatic organisms.

UNDP intervention is addressing the roots of cause of the aquatic weeds and river pollution by building the capacity of industrials on industrial competitiveness and environmental/social responsibility, contributing in the reduction of wastewater discharges and pollution loads in the Niger River. To promote the active involvement of the private sector, in particular polluting industries, in the pollution load reduction efforts, an integrated methodology, called the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST), developed by UNIDO has been chosen to be piloted in the basin.

TEST has been tested in several Regions worldwide (e.g. Danube River Basin), with GEF or non-GEF financial support, within industrial hot spots areas, contributing to prevent discharge of industrial effluents into international waters (rivers, lakes, wetlands and coastal areas) and thereby protecting water resources for future generations. UNIDO, with its technical competency, will be responsible for the successful roll out of the TEST in the Niger Basin, with strong emphasis on the capacity development in the region.

The project will focus only on the industrial and mining pollution experienced in the Niger River basin through the roll out of the TEST in the basin on a pilot basis.

1.2. Barriers to achieving pollution reduction

Despite the socio-economical potential and rich natural/cultural heritages, it can be considered that the Niger Basin has been susceptible to pollution, contamination and resource depletion for more than two decades. This can be attributed to the lack of institutional and regulatory frameworks which poses as barriers to designated inter-governmental organizations that are tasked to prevent, reduce and fight against pollution within Niger basin. Some of these barriers include:

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• Lack of technical capacities of national focal structures; • Weak decision making capacities due to limitations of monitoring and equipment of the

environmental observatory;

• Absence of civil society engagement in the whole process.

After the Nile, and the Congo, the River Niger is the 3rd largest rive in Africa by its length of approximately 4,200 km and a basin area of 2,117,700 km2 runs in a crescent through countries such as Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, before discharging itself through a large delta, known as the Niger Delta into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.

Before the River Niger flows into the Atlantic Ocean, it passes through Tembakounda, Bamako, Gao, Niamey, Lokoja and Onithsa which are major trading, agro-processing and industrial cities which tend to discharge its waste water and other polluting substances directly into the river often without environmental consideration or because of the near absence of enforcing environmental regulatory laws and policies in these countries hence depicting situations where national government of countries which the river runs through are either unable to deal with the accumulated environmental challenges/problems or are ineffective to preventing, regulating, reducing and managing land/aquatic pollutions from anthropogenic and other related industrial activities.

Consequently, environmental economists, river morphologists and pollution experts have in recent past stated that, the lack of regulatory laws/policies enforcement coupled with weak enforcement mechanisms is a combined result of be common barriers militating against the national governments. Some of these common barriers (amongst others) include meager public/private financial budgets earmarked for environmental management issues and pollution reduction; lack of necessary human capacities in terms of expertise, skills; use of outdated measuring and detection technologies and equipment by designated authorities, and low knowledge and awareness programs needed to include different stakeholders (producers, consumers, policy and decision makers) in pollution control and environmental management issues.

Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that there seem to be a sense of insufficient/lack of political will to combat pollution within the basin to guarantee healthy water body of the Niger River throughout the riparian countries. For instance, industries report only to the (individual) States on pollution matters which are most time a non-synchronizing data base for other Ministries, Departments and Agencies within that country. The problem is further compounded when other countries and designated organizations such as the Niger Basin Authority making it not possible for to access to the industries water inputs and outputs for quality control as regional coordinated approach. The aforementioned challenges and problems continue to pose as greater risks in the processes of aiming to ensure protection and conservation natural resources in manner that social acceptable, environmentally friendly and economically sustainable.

1.3. Baseline Description of Pollution in the Niger River Basin

Review and analysis of various references and information provided during the Inception Workshop in Niamey, Niger (May, 7-8, 2015) on countries priorities regarding pollution sources of interest in this project, enabled to identify several areas of major pollution within the Niger River basin with

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direct effect to the river and its interrelated groundwater system. These main point sources of pollution are consistent with reports from the NBA1, 2. In the Upper Niger, mining activities and factories in some of the main towns in Guinea (Kankan, Faranah, Dabola) along the river bank have been identified as the major sources of pollution of the Niger River. Mining activities, especially for diamond in Banankoro, have been associated with major deforestation and land degradation contributing to high organic and inorganic load to the river through runoff. Downstream of the mining area is Bamako, by far the largest city in the Niger River bank excluding Nigeria. There are several industries (textiles, tanneries, slaughterhouse, etc.) in the city discharging to the river their untreated or poorly treated effluents with various types of pollutants. In the Inner Delta Niger, Agribusiness has been identified as a major source of pollution of the Niger River according to TDA report on Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS)3. High inputs of fertilizers and pesticides on a yearly basis for more than 100 000 ha of irrigated land4 for rice production downstream of Markala Dam, contribute to high pollution load the river. This pollution constitutes a major threat to the rich biodiversity of the area. Indeed, the Inner Delta has been classified as a Ramsar Wetland Site due to its immense biodiversity with the two largest known bird nest colonies in Africa. Also, the area hosts 3 to 4 million resident or migratory water birds from almost all parts of the world, in particular Europe and Asia5.

In the Middle Niger, rice production in Tillaberi, Niger contributes to organic, fertilizers and pesticides load similarly to the Inner Delta Niger but to a lesser extent. Downstream Tillaberi is the major city of Niamey hosting several small to medium scale industries including tannery, slaughterhouse, textile factory, etc. These enterprises discharge significant load of various pollutants to the Niger River. The National Hospital of Niamey has been identified as a source of pollution of great concern due to the nature of its effluents presumably loaded with pharmaceutically active compounds and other biomedical residues directly discharged to the river. Gold mining in Tera and Sirba, Niger and Essakane, Burkina Faso have been pointed out as having significant pollution effect on the Sirba River, a seasonal tributary of the Niger River6,7.

Downstream of Niger, the Sokoto basin in Nigeria is famous for cattle rearing amounting to more than15 million heads relying on groundwater exploitation through traditional unprotected wells suggesting high contamination of the groundwater with manure and nitrate which may be of concern due to the potential linkage between the surface water and groundwater as the IAS overlaps

1 Assessment for Monitoring the Water Quality in the Niger Basin, NBA/UNOPS/World Bank, 2005. 2 Study for the establishment of a system for monitoring the quality of water in the Niger basin, NBA/CIDA, 2010. 3 Managing Hydrogeological Risk in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS), TDA report, OSS/UNEP, 2007. 4 http://www.on-mali.org/joomla/index.php/presentation 5http://www.wetlands.org/Whatarewetlands/Wetlandsinaridregions/WetlandsoftheSahel/AbouttheInnerNigerDelta/tabid/2288/Default.aspx 6Contribution à l’étude de la contamination et de la pollution des eaux souterraines par l’arsenic, cas de la zone d’impact du projet Essakane (burkina faso), LINGLINGUE Madi, 2iE 2009. 7 Impact des rejets de la ville de Niamey (Niger) sur la qualité des eaux du fleuve Niger, ALHOU Bassirou, UNamur/UAM-Niamey, 2007.

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with the Niger River basin in the area. The area hosts slaughterhouses for beef production. More important, the city of Jebba in Kwara State hosts the largest Paper Mill in West Africa with is believed to have considerable pollution impact on the Niger River although there is a lack of available data as evidence. Many other some scale industrial units are located in northeastern States with potential pollution impacts on the river.

In the Lower Niger, the States of Niger and Koji hosts many enterprises with noticeable pollution load to the Niger River. It is estimated that more than 80% of industries discharge their effluent into the environment without pretreatment; whereas, neither the quantity nor the quality of these effluents are known.8 In Nigeria, certain industries discharging their effluents into the river have preliminarily been identified in the PIF as potential hotspots: the Nigerian Sugar Company (Bacita), Premier Brewerer, PLC (Onitsha), and petrochemical Industries.

Besides the above pollution areas, it is not excluded that other potential hotspots linked to industrial and mining exist and could perhaps be found from field visit. Those areas may include the Benue basin of the Niger River basin covering Cameroon, Chad and Nigeria.

1.4. Indicative hotspots and criteria for pilot enterprise selection

In the light of the baseline information described above, industrial and mining hotspots to serve as potential TEST pilot enterprises are indicated in the table 3.2. Pilot enterprises to be short listed for TEST implementation will be based on several criteria.

General aspects:

1) Geopolitical consideration: due to the immensity of the basin and the variety of stakeholders concerned within all nine countries and the amount of the budget of the component, pilot enterprises could be limited to one (1) enterprise per country.

2) Diversity of the activity sector: pilot enterprises must include both industrial and mining sectors as well as industrial enterprises with different activities (e.g. tannery and pulp & paper factory). This will demonstrate the versatility of the TEST approach to reduce pollution across a large spectrum of polluting activities;

3) Listed enterprises must be in business for at least 5 years and not present any foreseeable indication of going out of business;

4) Selected enterprises must be willing to adopt TEST implementation

Specific aspects: selection of hotspots for pilot activities of TEST will de determine based on information provided in table 3.1.

8Assessment for Monitoring the Water Quality in the Niger Basin, NBA/UNOPS/World Bank, 2005.

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Table 3.1: Complementary criteria for the selection of short-list pilot enterprises for TEST

Enterprise activity sector

Pollution parameters Selection basis

Industry

Total annual mass load (mass/year) of:

• nutrients (N, P); • organic matter (BOD/COD); • heavy metals; • other pollutants (e.g., phenolic and

aromatic compounds, etc.). Microbial contamination Total annual effluent discharge (volume/year)

Professional evaluation and judgement will take into consideration enterprises with :

• high annual mass load; • high annual effluent

volume;

• Substantial risk of adverse on Human health, ecosystems, and socio-economic activities.

Mining

Total annual mass load (mass/year) of:

• cyanide, mercury, arsenic and acids; • heavy metals; • TSS.

Total annual effluent discharge (volume/year)

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Table 3.2: Baseline information of potential pollution hotspots in the Niger River basin for TEST

Basin Area

Country Location Activity sector Pollution Sources Pollutants Parameters conc. at point source

Effluent discharge

Up

per

Nig

er

Gu

inea

Siguiri

Gold mining

Société Aurifère de Guinée (SAG) Société Ashanti Goldfield Cyanide, mercury.

Dinguiraye La Société Minière du Dinguiraye (SMD)

Kouroussa, Faranah

Société d’or SEMAFO Cyanide, mercury.

Banankoro Kerouane

Diamond mining Unite industrielle AREDOR TSS, acid mine, greasy emulsive contaminants.

Dabola Oil and Soap Mill Oil, detergents.

Kouroussa, Faranah

Slaughterhouses Dyeing

Organic matters, fats, TSS. Dyes

Mali

Bamako

Textile ITEMA

Alkaline discharges, oil and grease, phenolic compounds, sulfates, dyes, SS, heavy metals.

1140 m3/d

Slaughterhouse Abattoir frigorifique de Bamako Organic matters, pathogens, TSS, animal fats.

BOD5 >250 mg/L O2; COD5 >688 mg/L O2; PO4-- 7.25 mg/L; NH4+ 12.9 mg/L.

300 m3/d

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Basin Area


Effluent discharge

Tannery Tannerie de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (TAO)

Organic matters, acid and alkaline effluents, SS, chlorides, sulfides, chromium.

BOD5 >1000 mg/L O2; BOD5 >2075 mg/L O2.

150 m3/d

Pharmaceuticals & Drugs

Usine Malienne de Produits Pharmaceutiques (UMPP)

PhACs 30 m3/d

Inn

er D

elta

Nig

er

Segou

Textile COMATEX

Alkaline discharges, oil and grease, phenolic compounds, sulfates, dyes, TSS, heavy metals.

Ag-industry Office du Niger Organic matters, fertilizers, pesticides.

Urea > 5939 t/yr, ammonium phosphate >4055 t/yr.

Mid

dle

N

iger

Nig

er

Tillabery Ag-industry Riziculture de Tillabery Organic matters, fertilizers, pesticides.

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Basin Area


Effluent discharge

Niamey

Beverage BRANIGER

TSS > 300 mg/L; BOD5 >700; COD >1.500; TKN 10 mg/L; pH 11.3; fecal strep. > 6600/100 mL.

20 m3/h

Textile ENITEX Organic matter, lime, dyes, heavy metals.

TSS > 30 mg/L; BOD5 >200; COD >500; TKN 14 mg/L; pH 11.2.

30-40 m3/h

Slaughterhouse Abattoir frigorifique de Niamey Organic matters, pathogens, TSS, animal fats.

TSS > 1000 mg/L; BOD5 >2000; COD >2000; TKN 100 mg/L; pH 7.8; fecal coli > 3.10^6/100 mL.

300 m3/d

Dairy SOLANI

Organic matter; caustic soda; nitric acid; soap powder; bleach.

TSS > 12 mg/L; BOD5 >40; COD >60; TKN 0.5 mg/L; pH 8.7.

Hospital Hopital National de Niamey PhACs; biomed compounds; organic matters.

Sirba Gold mining Cynide, mercury.

Tera Gold panning Acids, TSS.

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Basin Area


Effluent discharge

Bu

rkin

a

Faso

Essakane

gold mining and panning (over 200 sites)

IAMGOLD Essakane SA Cynide, mercury, arsenic, TSS.

Arsenic 10-4300 µg/L in gw and 0-780 µg/L in sw.

N

iger

ia

Kwara Sokoto Kebbi

Pulp & Paper; AgIndustry; Livestoks.

Paper Mill in Jebba; The Nigerian Sugar Company (Bacita); Cattle rearing in Sokoto.

Chlorinated compounds, phenolic compounds, NOx, sulfur, heavy metals; Manure, nitrite, nitrate in gw.

Lo

wer

Nig

er

Niger Koji Anambra

Various Chemical factories

Premier Brewerer, PLC (Onitsha); Unspecified locations in Koji, Kwara and Kebbi States.

Ethylene, propylene, benzene, butadiene, 1,2-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, organic solvents, SOx, NOx, etc.

UNDP Environmental Finance Services Page 18

2. STRATEGY

2.1. Project rationale and policy conformity

2.1.1. Niger Basin Authority: Roles, Responsibility and Challenges.

The Niger Basin Authority (NBA) is an inter-governmental organization tasked with the responsibility of promoting the cooperation amongst Member States and contributing to improve the living conditions of the basin populations through sustainable management of water resources and associated ecosystems.

The NBA plays an effective role in managing the sustainable utilization and development of the Niger Basin’s cross-border water resources based on a shared vision and strategies of riparian states which include Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Chad.

Since April 2008, NBA member states adopted the Niger Basin Water Charter, a legally binding instrument. Relating to protection of the environment, the Water Charter obliges parties to preserve the quantity and quality of resources, develop water planning, protection and management policies and protect the environment. The Water Charter helps in creating procedural rules on information exchange, notification and consultation for projects that may and or do have adverse on the entire river basin with some mechanisms to preventing pollution, discharges of wastewater into the Niger River and coordination/management of already polluted waters caused by human activities.

Chapters 4, 12, 13, of the Water Charter clearly specify the general obligations of both the NBA as an institution and Member States collectively working together to prevent and reduce pollution in the Niger Basin in respect to household, agricultural and industrial waste management. For example, in Chapter 4, Article 53, subsection A, B and C, it is mentioned that member state shall cooperate with the Authority to arrive at mutually acceptable methods and techniques to prevent, reduce and fight against pollution in the Niger basin through:

(a) Set goals and criteria for the environmental quality; (b) Establish techniques and practices in the fight against pollution at source; (c) Establish the list of substances whose introduction into the waters of the basin is prohibited,

limited or submitted to researches or inspections.

However, the NBA is being faced with some technical challenges to achieving this goal. Some of these challenges are limited knowledge regarding water resources and transboundary aquifer system; limited institutional capacities; and lack of sustainable financing mechanisms all of which have contributed (in part) to the poor management of natural resource in the region.

TEST application will not only contribute, and facilitate, the processes aimed at strengthening NBA’s institutional capacities, but will also support local enterprises, industries to demonstrate the effectiveness of best practices and integrated management systems so as to reduce production costs, increase productivity while paying good consideration to the adverse environmental consequence as a result of their physical operations within the region.


2.2. HOT SPOT and TEST Approach

For the purpose of this project and in line with this Component, the intervention will be based on two key parts; Hot Spot and Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies also known as TEST.

The Hot Spot Methodology is designed to identify, evaluate and prioritize pollution sources that are discharging their effluents into a common surface water body and or ground water aquifers. A “Hot Spot” is termed as a point of pollution or contamination

The Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology methodology (TEST) is developed with an overriding aim to improving the environmental management and competitiveness of businesses in developing countries and transition economies. It is a Best Available Practice (BAP) that has been implemented in many several regions worldwide (e.g. Danube River Basin), within industrial hot spots areas, contributing to prevent discharge of industrial effluents into international waters (rivers, lakes, wetlands and coastal areas) and thereby protecting water resources for future generations. Since its development, the TEST methodology has contributed to yielding very positive economic and environmental results as an Environmental Management Systems process. It also has the added benefit of being applicable to all types of businesses from micro, small and medium enterprises, to big companies in both industry and service sectors.

List of TEST projects implemented throughout the world including in Sub-Saharan Africa:

• TEST Danube region: The project funded by UNDP and the GEF took place in five countries across the Danube River basin, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia.

UNEP and three National Cleaner Production Centers acted as national counterparts in 17

demonstration sites covering various sectors such as: food industries, pulp and paper

factories, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, machinery factories and textile plants.

• MED TEST project: Funded by the GEF and the Italian Government. It was implemented in three countries: Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt. Industrial sectors included: food, textile,

chemical, ceramic, paper and leather industries.

• TEST Cambodia project: Implemented in 11 industrial hot spots in the provinces of Phnom Penh and Kandal. The national counterpart was the Ministry of Industry, Mines and

Energy. Industrial sectors included: textile, food, pulp and paper, paint companies.

• TEST Mexico project: Funded by the Millennium Development Goals Fund (MDG-F) it was implemented in three States in South East Mexico. Sectors covered included: food

processing plants, plastic factories and various service micro enterprises. The national

counterpart was the National Cleaner Production Center.

• TEST Honduras project: Funded by the Millennium Development Goals Fund (MDG-F) it was implemented in the Rio Blanco basin one chicken processing and two textile

companies. The national counterpart was the National Cleaner Production Center.


• TEST COAST project: Funded by the GEF it was implemented to the local hotel sector in four countries of the COAST (Collaborative Actions for Sustainable Tourism), namely

Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal and Tanzania.

In March 2014 the large succession project to the MED TEST partnership, namely the SWITCH MED Initiative, which spans nine countries of the MENA region (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, and Palestinian Occupied Territories, Tunisia) was launched. It is a regional program supported by the European Commission and implemented by UNEP and UNIDO.

Implementation of the TEST in the Niger River basin is expected to produce economic and environmental benefits to participating pilot enterprises by process costs savings and pollution stress reduction.

2.3. TEST Integrated Approach

TEST Approach is an integrated approach for sustainable production in the industrial sector. The

Approach is built on 4 pillars:

� Revealing the "total costs" of resource use inefficiencies within production through the quantification of non-product output (NPO) costs;

� Assessing the industry resource efficiency and environmental performance against sector benchmarks and international best practices;

� Understanding the root causes of inefficiency and focusing on key consumers addressing the core process needs first when generating options for improvement;

� Installing an effective information system on priority material and energy flows, which helps to identify new opportunities for improvement, to monitor results and, last but not

least, make people accountable for resource efficiency at the point where they influence it.

The TEST approach integrates and combines the essential elements of a set of tools, namely

Pollution Hotspots Assessment, Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP), Environmental

Management System (EMS), Environmental Management Accounting (EMA), Transfer of

Environmental Sustainable Technology (EST), and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with the

learning cycle (plan, do, check, act). The approach is applied on the basis of a comprehensive

diagnosis of enterprise needs (initial review). As a result of the customized integration and

implementation of these tools and their elements, the key outputs include the adoption of best

practices, new skills and a new management culture, enabling the enterprises to move forward on

the path of improvement towards sustainable production.

The proposed approach in this project will consist of the following:

� Identify, assess and prioritize adverse contribution (pollutant types and load) of major industries located in the Niger River basin;

� Build local capacity and provide initial training in the integrated approach to facilitate the transfer of environmentally sound technology (TEST) that will improve the environmental


performance and the productivity of priority industrial enterprises identified as pollution

hot-spots. Introduce the TEST integrated approach (RECP, EMS, EMA, EST, and CSR) at

the targeted pilot enterprises;

� Recommend mitigation measures, including policy mechanisms and technical solutions. Low cost technical solutions will be implemented during the project and the financial feasibility of

more expensive technical solution will be assessed; and

� Disseminate the results of the project.

The approach may be grouped in two parts, (i) the identification, assessment and prioritization of pollution hotspots and (ii) the introduction of the integrated approach for the transfer of environmentally sound technology (TEST) aimed at increasing environmental performance of enterprise-polluters. The combination of the two partss will contribute to ultimately reducing the pollution discharges into the Niger River basin.

(i) Identification, Assessment and Prioritization of Pollution Hotspots

Although there is no universally accepted concept of a “hotspot” of pollution in a river basin management, examples of definitions are (i) point sources of contamination; (ii) non-point sources of contaminations; (iii) ecologically sensitive areas; and (iv) areas with environmental degradation. For the purpose of TEST implementation in this project, the concept of hotspot will be restricted to a source of major industrial, agricultural and or mining direct contamination of water in the basin. The baseline information on pollution provided in section B. (cf. to table 3.2) will be used to identify, assess and prioritize pollution hotspots according to an established methodology for hotspot evaluation9

(ii) Introduction of the integrated approach for the TEST

� Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP)

At the center of the TEST approach is the RECP tool, which enables the comprehensive assessment

of feasible resource efficiency and environmental performance improvements within production

systems. Its major output is sustainable production improvement measures, including the adoption

of more efficient technologies and management programs. In other words, the RECP concept

promotes the creation of more products (and services) while using fewer resources and creating less

waste and pollution which in all addresses the three sustainability dimensions: production efficiency,

environmental management and human development.

The RECP focuses on systematically identify potential applications of preventive techniques for

pollution sources (where pollution is seen as a symptom of efficiency). The adopted pollution

measures identified are classified in three categories ranging from no to low cost solutions to high

investment, advance clean technologies (1) no cost measures, meaning no investment costs required;

(2) the low cost measures such as good housekeeping and limited operational changes that improve

9 Methodology for identification, assessment and prioritization of pollution hotspots, 2nd edition by UNIDO, 2004.


resource efficiency; and (3) the measures which require additional investment, such as acquiring new

equipment or technologies.

The RECP affects mostly the product and production levels of the management; in other words, the

processes that take place to provide a service. Hence enterprises should adopt business strategies

where they key look to maximize resource efficiency and cleaner production through, for example,

the “4Rs strategy: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, Recovery”10 where applicable.

� Environmental Management System (EMS)

EMS and EnMS (Energy Management System) core elements are used as part of TEST to integrate

resource efficiency into overall company management systems, providing procedures and internal

resources for ensuring that the outputs of improvement programs are implemented, sustained and

further developed. EMS built with the support of RECP and MFCA (Material Flow Cost

Accounting) provides a stronger foundation for leading organizations toward continuous

improvements of their sustainable production patterns.

EMS is the part of the overall management system of a business that includes the organizational

structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for

developing, implementing, achieving, maintaining the environmental policy. It focuses on

identification and management of environmental aspects, and it is widely used as a tool to ensure

compliance with environmental standards, such as ISO 14001 or any environmental system

requirements. However, to operate properly it must be integrated with the other systems of the

company. The EMS affects a lower, and therefore more complex, level of the management: the

system level and builds a step by step process to respond and deliver on the RECP

recommendations from the RECP level.

� Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)

Elements of EMA/MFCA (Material Flow Cost Accounting) are built into traditional RECP to

strengthen priority setting based on non-product output costs and to put effective information and

monitoring systems into place for important material and energy flows. A MFCA-based information

system is essential for monitoring the performance of implemented improvement measures and

programs to demonstrate their real impact on medium to long-term decisions, and thus promote

their continuous application. It also enables accountability of enterprise members, as well as

monitoring and reporting actual company performance using relative indicators measured against

baselines and targets.

EMA is a valuable tool to assist management of an enterprise in understanding how environmental

issues influence their accounting and financial business practices. ENA is defined as the

identification, collection, analysis and use of two types of information for internal decision-making:

(1) physical information on the use, flow and destination of energy, water and materials (including

10 www.iisd.org


wastes) of the business; and (2) monetary information on costs, profits and savings regarding the

environment. It focuses on the optimization operations by tracking all environmental costs back to

their source, especially costs of pollution “hidden” across the process of service provision, through

the identification of cost centers that link into the RECP work (as it also helps to identify where

RECP focus can be). The basics of EMA are that everything that the business acquires and that is

not part of the final product should be reduced to a minimum. EMA looks into the production level

of the management and is the most helpful tool to ensure buy-in from the manager of a company as

it allows for the pinpointing and actual pricing of the inefficiencies in the production process11.

� Environmentally Sound Technology (EST)

According to Agenda 2112, “ESTs encompass technologies that have the potential to significantly improve environmental performance relative to other technologies”13. These technologies protect the environment, are less polluting, use resources in sustainable manner, recycle more of their wastes and products and handle all residual wastes in a more environmentally sound manner than technologies they are designed to replace. This tool builds on the concept of best available practices and can include end-of-pipe solutions after the potential for feasible preventive measures has been explored. The EST typically covers the recommendations from the RECP measures which require additional investment.

� Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

CSR is a self-regulation mechanism integrated with a business model that enterprises use to implement voluntary actions as well as to comply with ethical standards and international regulations. It is based on close cooperation with stakeholders (internal CSR with staff; external CSR with surrounding communities) and integrates all sustainability considerations (social, environmental and economic) into business operations. CSR affects the lower portion of the management and its proper utilization ensures that the changes brought about during the project implementation are properly communicated to the stakeholders of the business.

Test Methodology Sequential introduction and the integration of these management tools:

TEST methodology sequence will be adapted/customized to each industrial sector and country/location.

The sequential introduction and the integration of the management tools links the managerial aspects of environmental management to the technological aspects by introducing tools such as EMS and EMA.

It gives priority to the preventive approach of cleaner production (systematic preventive actions based on pollution prevention techniques within the production process) and considers the transfer of additional technologies for pollution control (end-of-pipe) only after the cleaner production solutions have been explored. This leads to a transfer of technologies aimed at optimizing environmental and financial elements: a win-win solution for both areas.

11 De Palma and Csutoras, 2003 12 Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development. It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 13 Agenda 21: http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=52


Furthermore, the TEST methodology helps companies to improving their environmental management and competitiveness. The combined tools aim to change production processes, management practices and strategic vision of a company in a manner that will ensure the sustainable search for greener practices and process optimization. It puts environmental management within the broader strategy of environmental and social business responsibilities by medium and large scale companies towards the adoption of sustainable enterprise strategies.

The main advantage of this integrated approach is the complementary of each tool. The EMA component provides the financial justification to invest in the options identified during eh RECP assessments while the EMS introduction enables a company to monitor and systematize its processes. CSR as umbrella tool provides the strategic approach as well as social dimension required to achieve continuous improvements.

In sum, the introduction of the TEST integrated approach at the enterprise level follows this sequence:

� The existing situation is improved by better management of the existing processes; � The introduction of the new cleaner technology (or if not sufficient also of optimized end-

of-pipe solutions) is considered; � The lessons learned from each TEST project’s implementation is reflected in the respective

company’s business strategy.

2.4. Outcome, Outputs, and Activities 2.4.1. Expected outcome

The expected outcome of this component is to: “Introduce systematic and integrated approach of industrial competitiveness and environmental/social responsibility to reduce wastewater discharges and pollution loads in the Niger River”.

2.4.2. Expected Outputs and Activities

The outputs and activities for the component are described in the table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Expected Outputs and Activities


Expected Outputs and Activities Inception

12/15- 2/16

Impl. Jan.’17 -Dec.‘19

Final Jan.-

Dec.‘20 Responsibility Budget

Output 3.1: Niger Basin Authority’s Waterbody data/inventorying processes updated; pollution control and regulatory framework improved. (Including the identification of causes and sources of pollution)

313,882

3.1.1. Review and evaluate NBA’s existing water body data and inventorying processes vis-à-vis member countries.

UNIDO International & National Experts

3.1.2. Carry out the identification and verification of member states hot-spots priorities relating to their individual river basin management and pollution control/prevention plans.


3.1.3. Identify areas for modification and proper coordination of the NBA’s basin-wide water body data and inventorying processes.


3.1.4. Carry out an in-depth basin-wide analysis of regulations/standards needed to control/manage pollution discharge to water bodies and conservation of aquatic biodiversity.

International & National Experts

3.1.5. Define and set basin-wide parameters and mitigation standards for contaminants discharges from potential polluting industries.


3.1.6 Design holistic monitoring and enforcement strategies of pollution control/mechanisms for NBA and member countries.


3.1.7. Compile and evaluate exiting (industrial) pollution hot-spot baseline data. International & National Experts

Output 3.2: Pollution hot-spots identified and customized to suit current needs; basin-wide assessment and select ion processes of pilot enterprises improved and mainstreamed.

703,400

3.2:1. Define and set criteria for selection of pilot industries/enterprises. UNIDO

3.2.2. Carry out the identification, and selection of pilot enterprises in line with project goal(s)

International and National Experts

3.2.3. Conduct on-site visits to selected pilot enterprises & undertake a cleaner production assessment (CPA) to determine their potentials/readiness in line with project goal(s)




12/15- 2/16


Final Jan.-


3.2.4.. Compile a preliminary technical assessment (diagnostic) report of pilot enterprises facilities and highlight best sites and conditions for pollution hot-spots monitoring.


3.2.5. Design customized and or sector-specific pollution control and mitigation measures for pilot enterprises.


3.2.6. Organize stakeholders’ workshops/seminars and deliver presentations of the TEST methodology.


3.2.7. Presentation of diagnostic reports to selected enterprises.


3.2.8. Seek and confirm voluntary commitments (agreements) from pilot enterprises to the proposed environmental management system.

UNIDO, NBA, International & National Experts

3.2.9. Nominate demo site coordinators and prepare inception training materials for pollution control/ mitigation measures based on the enterprise needs and sector.


Output 3.3: Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST) approach at the enterprise level efficiently introduced.

847,700

3.3.1. In collaboration with Niger Basin Authority, set up a Regional Project Advisory Board (consisting of all relevant stakeholders) to ensure that national priorities/plans are effectively implemented in this phase.

UNIDO, NBA, International & National Experts

3.3.2. Organize and conduct preparatory training sessions (for demo site coordinators) towards the implementation of the TEST Approach.

TEST Team



12/15- 2/16


Final Jan.-


3.3.3. Phase I: Design customized tools and plan the introduction and integration of 3 different “soft” complementary environmental management tools into pilot enterprises daily operations: -Cleaner Production Assessment (CPA) -Environmental Management System (EMS) -Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)

TEST Team

3.3.4: Evaluate options and coordinate the introducing/implementation of the 3 soft tools either simultaneously or step-by-step manner (Depending on the enterprise specific situations).

TEST Team

3.3.5. Conduct a rapid assessment of Phase I, evaluate and benchmark achieved milestones necessary for next phase.

UNIDO

3.3.6. Phase II: Indentify requirements for investments in environmental sound technologies (EST).

TEST Team

3.3.7. Carry out environmental sound technology assessments and end-of-pipe solutions in pilot enterprises.

TEST Team

3.3.8. Based on sufficient financial investment, plan the introduction of Technology Change at enterprise level.

TEST Team

3.3.9. Phase III: draft sustainable enterprise strategies to ensure continued use of TEST Approach.

TEST Team International & National Experts

3.3.10. Plan the integration of TEST Approach into pilot enterprises business and functional strategies.

TEST Team International & National Experts

3.3.11. Establish a virtual/physical network to communicate the performances & results of pilot enterprises.


3.3.12. Design customized tools for pilot enterprise and co-ordinate the introduction and integration of: -Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which complements EMS


Output 3.4: TEST programme results and experiences disseminated. 680,472

3.4.1. Carry out the preparation of a publication on the applications of the TEST approach in the Niger River basin for public access.

UNIDO



12/15- 2/16


Final Jan.-


3.4.2: Organize National/Regional public and stakeholders seminars to highlight the potential benefits of applying the integrated TEST approach at various industrial levels.


3.4.3. Create an online real-time project website fir virtual information sharing. UNIDO 3.4.4. . Initiation of networking activities on TEST between the NBA and other TEST project partners (e.g. Med Test, Danube River Basin Test project)

UNIDO

3.3.5 Collaborate with Regional Project Advisory Board coordinates the proper dissemination of results and experiences among NBA member states and key manufacturing industries


3.4.6. Engage Stakeholders for TEST scaling up in consultation with NBA and other relevant institutional stakeholders in member countries.


3.4.7. Highlight and promote Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) and voluntary environmental reporting at enterprises level.



2.5. Expected GEB under TEST

The Global Environmental Benefits of this component implementation will include:

� establishment of water quality standards comparable to other IW quality standards; � reduction of organic and nutrients emissions (load reduction in terms of BOD, COD, N, P as per GEF

tracking tool) and microbial contamination from some industries (e.g., tanneries, slaughterhouses, etc.)

which would result to an improved wastewater management;

� reduction of hazardous substances from industries and mining through implementation of EST by introducing Best Available Techniques (BAT), Best Environmental Practices (BEP);

� partnership and cooperation on tackling water pollution issues in the basin under harmonized standards, agreements and regulations. The project will garner partnerships/networks with lessons learned from similar

project around the world which would contribute to effectively implement the Niger Basin Water Charter.

The Charter itself was based on country members water codes and stands as a good example of possible

harmonization of their legislature related to the water resource management within the basin.

All these specific pollution abatements will contribute to the overall improvement of water quality in the Niger

River Basin and mitigate effects of pollution on public health and ecosystems. The outcome of pollution abatement

through the TEST is consistent with the GEF GEB for i) improved energy efficiency, ii) reduced pollution and

siltation of IW, iii) reduced pollution load in IW from nutrient enrichment, and iv) reduced risks on human health

and the environment through reducing and eliminating production, use and releases of POPs and their waste.

2.6. Gender Mainstreaming The project, at its inception phase, will invest in a Gender Assessment both at the national level as well as at the

regional level to identify the baseline situation. Based on the Gender Assessment, a Gender Action Plan will be

developed, which will propose a set of concrete interventions that the project can incorporate in order to enhance

its contribution towards gender mainstreaming and women’s empowerment with a corresponding set of indicators

to be monitored throughout the project implementation period (especially for annual reporting through PIRs, at

mid-term review, and at terminal evaluation) and propose the end-of-project targets related to gender

mainstreaming and women’s empowerment. Both the Gender Assessment and the Gender Action Plan will be

presented to the PSC members for their review, comment and approval. The Gender Assessment and the Gender

Action Plan will be completed prior to the submission of the first PIR for this project. The TEST component will

be assessed together with the overall project interventions. Thus, the Gender Assessment and the Gender Action

Plan for the overall project will include the TEST component.

2.7. Sustainability and Replicability

Although the implementation of TEST through this project is intended to demonstrate the effectiveness of the

approach to reduce stress in the Niger River basin with active engagement of the private sector, as shown in other

basin (Danube, Mekong, etc.), it no less expected that the TEST would be adopted by various enterprises beyond

the pilot ones and in other sectors. Pilot enterprises implementing the TEST approach to environmental

management will find it a learning experience that will lead to a continuous improvement of their economic and

environmental profits.

Since part of this component implementation includes publication and dissemination of the lessons learned at pilot enterprises level, it is expected that those pioneer experiences will be shared with the industrial and mining sectors


to overcome the challenge of environmental management to improve their overall performance, including productivity. This can mostly be achieved through a sustainable financing mechanism that will accompany enterprises own investment. Since Governments and organizations advocating for the protection would prefer promoting a preventive integrated approach such as TEST, they would have an opportunity to not only achieve a better protection of the environment as a whole, but also to encourage the economy on both a micro and macro level, with positive social impacts. TEST would therefore considerably contribute to the development of effective partnerships in the field of industrial environmental management between the private and public sectors and provides win-win solutions to both sectors. This in return would trigger more confidence in investing on TEST from various sources

2.8. Potential sources of (subsidized) venture capital for investments in EST

Funding for investments in EST can be sought from various sources including countries’ governments and private sector among NBA Member States, Development Partners including international NGOs.

Financial contributions from countries’ governments to be channeled through established mechanisms of funding to the NBA devoted to environmental issues.

In collaboration with the Ministries of industry and mines of NBA Member States, polluting enterprises can be invited to a regional workshop to receive explanations of the economic and environmental benefits that can be achieved through TEST. Results of TEST projects in other locations (Danube River basin, Med TEST, COAST TEST, etc.) will be used as success stories to foster adoption and support of the TEST by participant enterprises. Large diffusion of the workshop information can be performed to reach out to non-participant enterprises.

In partnership with civil society and NGOs active in the field of pollution control and environmental protection within the Niger River basin, funding for EST could be lobbied from traditional and potential Technical and Financial Partners of the NBA. Those partners include: World Bank, African Development Bank/African Water Facility; West African Development Bank, Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, Islamic Development Bank, ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development, Netherlands Bank, Canadian International Development Agency, French Development Agency, West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), European Commission, BMZ/KFW, Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development, OPEC Fund for International Development, Saudi Fund for Development, Abu Dhabi Fund for Development.

2.9. Co-financing It is envisaged that the overall project duration will be from 2016 -2021 (5 years), while the implementation of TEST is expected to be for 4 years. The TEST implementation pilot should be completed before the overall project will be completed to allow time for lessons learned and best practices documentations, etc. UNIDO will present a co-finance calculation for a 5-year implementation period and 1 year for project preparation (in 2015)

Any investment to be made by participating private sector/industries required for TEST application should be counted as co-financing. However, it is not possible to secure co-financing letters to show these financial commitments to GEF at this stage as we have not identified the exact participants in/beneficiaries of the TEST application yet. So, this will be tracked as the project implementation progresses.


3. PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK:

This project will contribute to achieving the following Country Programme Outcome as defined in CPAP or CPD: N/A

Country Programme Outcome Indicators: N/A

Primary applicable Key Environment and Sustainable Development Key Result Area (same as that on the cover page, circle one): 2.5. Legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and institutions enabled to ensure the conservation, sustainable use, and access and benefit sharing of natural resources, biodiversity and ecosystems, in line with international conventions and national legislation

1.3. Solutions developed at national and sub-national levels for sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystem services, chemicals and waste

Applicable GEF Strategic Objective and Program: GEF 5 IW A): Catalyse multi-state cooperation to balance conflicting water uses in trans-boundary surface and groundwater basins while considering climatic variability and change

GEF 5 IW C): Support foundational capacity building, portfolio learning, and targeted research needs for joint, ecosystem-based management of trans-boundary water systems

Applicable GEF Expected Outcomes: Outcome 1.3: Innovative solutions implemented for reduced pollution, improved water use efficiency, sustainable fisheries with rights-based management, IWRM, water supply protection in SIDS, and aquifer and catchment protection

Outcome 3.3: IW portfolio capacity and performance enhanced from active learning/KM/experience sharing

Applicable GEF Outcome Indicators:

Indicator 1.3: Measurable water- related results from local demonstrations

Indicator 3.3: GEF 5 performance improved over GEF 4 per data from IW Tracking Tool; capacity surveys

Indicator Baseline Targets

End of Project

Source of verification Risks and Assumptions

Project Objective14

The objective of the project is to mainstream a programme of industrial pollution reduction in the Niger River through the launching and promotion of private-sector driven initiatives based on the adoption of environmentally and economically sustainable best practices

• Number of industrial effluent sites identified, assessed and inventorised by/for NBA

• % of pilot industrial sites to have adopted the TEST approach

• % of TEST sites that have demonstrated sustainability of the approach

• Number of new industries

• Many sites known but very few properly assesses and inventorised

• 90% of pilot industrial sites have adopted the TEST approach

• 90% of TEST sites have demonstrated sustainability of the approach

• Minimum of 10 new industries requesting to be included in

• Industrial pollution hotspots basinwide identified and assessed and inventorised into NBA database and systems

• Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST) approach successfully introduced, accepted and taken forward by 90% of the pilot industrial sites

• Applicability of the TEST approach including sustainability aspects and “win-win” concept are successfully demonstrated

• TEST programme results and experiences disseminated

• Other industrial enterprises, not

• Examination of database and monitoring systems

• Interview with participating industries

• Analysis of costs and benefits and interview with participating industries

• Interested enterprises have registered their interest through formal

Risks:

1. Political Risks: Insufficient/lack of political will from NBA member countries and industries to “jointly” combat pollution and hazardous chemical discharges in the Niger River Basin

Level of risk: High.

2. Economical Risk: Economic factors (jobs, incomes, corporate earnings) might outweigh environmental consideration and resource conservation

Level of risk: High –Medium

Level of risk: Medium - Low.

Assumptions:

14 Objective (Atlas output) monitored quarterly ERBM and annually in APR/PIR


requesting to be included in subsequent programmes

subsequent programmes sites have

part of the programme, have expressed interest in taking on the TEST approach

application procedure

Voluntary disclosure of financial reports concerning returns on environmental investments and application of the TEST approach will be readily forthcoming since this will be part of the agreement

Outcome 115

Introduce systematic and integrated approach of industrial competiveness and environmental/social responsibility to reduce wastewater discharges and pollution loads in the Niger River.

• % of the TEST innovative approaches implemented at the pilot enterprise levels recorded.

• % decrease in the volume of a target pollutant in discharges of the selected enterprises' recorded

• % Financial return on environmental investments and application of the TEST approach witnessed.

• % success rate after the introduction and implementation TEST Approach recorded in most pilot enterprises.

• Positive impacts on women from reduced pollution loads and discharges to the water system will

• Balance between industrial competitiveness and environmental/social responsibility were not a concern or a business as usual at polluting enterprises level

• More than half of the participating pilot enterprises have taken on board the proposed systematic and integrated approach of industrial competitiveness and environmental/social responsibility

• (based on baseline parameters), at least 10% 16 decrease in the volume of a target pollutant in discharges from the selected enterprises' recorded

• Energy efficiency gain in operations at the participating enterprises, resulting from the application of the TEST approach

• At least 15 % financial return on environmental investments and application of the TEST approach witnessed at >2/3 of the sites TEST is piloted.

• Positive impacts on women recorded and the info shared widely.

• Project evaluation survey/report

• Laboratory results.

• Outcomes of interviews with enterprise’ representatives.

• Voluntary disclosure of enterprises’ financial reports.

Risks:

1. Political Risks: Insufficient/lack of political will from NBA member countries and industries to “jointly” combat pollution and hazardous chemical discharges in the Niger River Basin

Level of risk: High.

2. Economical Risk: Economic factors (jobs, incomes, corporate earnings) might outweigh environmental consideration and resource conservation

Level of risk: High –Medium

3. Ownership Risks: Top management and shareholders of selected enterprises don’t the implementation of TEST approach midway of the project

Level of risk: Medium

4. Non-voluntary disclosure of financial report concerning to return on environmental investments and application of the TEST approach might compromise project evaluation of successes end results.

Level of risk: Medium - Low.

Assumptions:

• Pollution and contaminant discharges prevention and enforcement mechanism established,

15 All outcomes monitored annually in the APR/PIR. It is highly recommended not to have more than 4 outcomes.

16 the proposed targets will be reviewed and verified once the baseline assessment is done and the participating private sectors (those who are willing to invest) are identified [at the inception phase]”


be tracked (through interviews, etc.).

• Manufacturing, mining and services related industries supported pollution control and prevention measures

Financial Incentives packages

• Top enterprise decision makers are willing to create funds for introducing and integrating the TEST approach within their business operations

• Shareholders and external stakeholders (consumers, NGOs, etc.) supports the introduction and integrating the TEST approach.

Output 3.1.

Niger Basin Authority’s Waterbody data/inventorying processes updated; pollution control and regulatory framework improved.

(including the identification of causes and sources of pollution)

• Degree of redefinition of regulatory Standards, specifically in areas such as:

- Point sources of contamination; - Non-point sources of contamination; - Ecologically sensitive areas; - Areas with human health risks; - Areas with environmental degradation.

• 60-80% of previous scoring/grading standards for pollution hotspots reviewed and or revised as deemed necessary.

• New standards for pollution hotspots officially introduced.

• Regulatory Policy reviewed, updated to

• Absence of precise regulation and standards for discharging pollutants

• Insufficient/lack of political will to combat pollution;

• Inadequate enforcement of existing regulatory instruments to reprimand pollution (penalties, taxes, etc.).

• Water pollution database fully accessible to interested parties

• Report (printout and online) of water quality standards and regulations

• Reviewed and updated Inventorying processes reports,

• NBA member state approval and adoption of updated inventory process report(s).

• Mechanisms for policy implementation clearly defined and accepted by NBA member countries.

Risks:

1. Absence of defined basin-wide regulatory standards for discharging pollutants.

2. Insufficient legal/monitory instruments to reprimand pollution (penalties, taxes, etc).

3.Insufficient financial resources for a basin-wide surface and groundwater quality monitoring at point source and non-point sources of contamination

Risk level: High to Medium

Assumptions:

• NBA member countries place high priorities on the protection and conversation of natural resources and habitats.

• Pilot enterprises are willing to cooperate with the new inventorying process.

• Piloting enterprises see the need for such exercise and the potential economic benefits to their business operations.


current needs and good for implementation.

Output 3.2.

Pollution hot-spots identified and customized to suit current needs; basin-wide assessment and select ion processes of pilot enterprises improved and mainstreamed.

• Technical agreement reached/signed on NBA’s member countries on their individual environmental priorities.

• Number of basin-wide diagnostic pollution hotspot survey carried out in participating NBA countries.

• Number of willing (in terms of social responsibility and voluntary reporting) enterprises selected and diagnostic pollution hotspot survey customized to suit their business models and physical operations.

• Correlation of chosen Enterprises with level of their contaminant discharges

• Insufficient financial resources for monitoring water quality

• Insufficient competent personnel for the monitoring of pollution often due to the reconversion skilled workers to other higher paying jobs.

• List of enterprises prioritized on the basis of their contaminant discharges available

• 9 basin-wide diagnostic pollution hotspot survey carried out in participating NBA countries.

• 11 enterprises selected and diagnostic pollution hotspot survey customized to suit their business models and physical operations

• Signed agreements by representatives of NBA member countries.

• Basin-wide diagnostic pollution hotspot reports.

• Voluntary commitment letters from selected enterprises signed and received by Project coordinating team and Counterparts.

• Progress project reporting.

Risks:

1. Lack of comprehensive basin-wide environmental pollution/contamination data.

Level of risk: Medium

Assumptions:

• Pollution diagnostic pollution hotspots reports.

• Project monitoring and evaluation reports.

Output 3.3.

Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST) approach at the enterprise level efficiently introduced.

• Number of customized EMS and EMA training and pollution monitoring modules for selected enterprises developed.

• Lack of knowledge and expertise about the clean technologies within NBA and ITTAS countries.

• # of low cost CP modifications performed

• 1 customized EMS and 1 customized EMA training and pollution monitoring modules for each of the selected enterprises developed

• At least 2 employees per demo

• TEST assessment reports.

• Training attendance sheets.

• Project evaluation

Risks:

1. Insufficient competent personnel at enterprises level for the monitoring of pollution

Level of risk: Medium – Low

Assumptions:

• Enterprises are willing to apply


• Number of employees per demo site/ pilot enterprises are trained.

• Number of persons within the region trained so as to build reserved pools of private/external experts for future needs.

• Amount for potential investment in TEST approach earmarked at selected enterprises.

• Number of low cost RECP modifications at selected enterprises performed.

site/ pilot enterprises are trained.

• 15 persons within the region trained so as to build reserved pools of private/external experts for future needs.

• At least $100,000 for potential investment in TEST approach earmarked at selected enterprises At least 9 low cost RECP modifications at selected enterprises performed

reports. TEST methodological approach.

• Enterprises are willing to invest efforts in training employees for the introduction and or integration of the TEST approach.

Output 3.4:

TEST programme results and experiences disseminated

• TEST website for the region created and functional.

• Regional seminars to share TEST project results/lessons held.

• TEST project evaluation report submitted/presented to Regional Project Advisory Board and approved.

• TEST programs and experiences were unknown in the basin, at least at enterprises level

• Final workshop disseminates the lessons learned and final report is made available

• Minutes of seminars held.

• Content and virtual activities/usage of the TEST website.

Risks:

1. TEST results might have socio-economic and political implications.

2. Civil communities might use TEST results to justify legal actions against participating enterprises

Level of risk: Medium- Low

Assumptions:

• Project stakeholders are in full agreement of project outcomes irrespective of the nature of lessons learned.


4. TOTAL BUDGET AND WORKPLAN

4.1. Overall Budget The overall GEF funding for the project is governed by three different project documents. There are two project documents for the work to be delivered by UNDP, one with the NBA as implementing partner (shown as UNDP-NBA in the table below), and one with UNIDO as implementing partner (UNDP-UNIDO in the table below). The third project document covers the work to be delivered by UNIDO, working with OSS and UNESCO. While overall management of each of the components is clearly demarcated between the implementing Partners, some of the work leading to the outcomes is shared. As shown in the table below, Component 1 will be entirely delivered by UNEP-OSS but Component 2 will be jointly delivered by UNDP-NBA and UNEP-OSS, with UNDP-NBA having overall responsibility. Component 3 will be delivered mainly through UNDP-UNIDO, with a small part by UNDP-NBA. Component 4 will be led and mainly delivered by UNDP-NBA with the support of UNEP-OSS-UNESCO. The overall budget implications are summarised in the table below.

Division of proposed budgets by Implementing Partner and Component Implementing

Partner (Executing Agency)

Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4 Project

Management Total

UNDP-NBA 2,885,714 200,000 2,593,036 446,250 6,125,000

UNDP-UNIDO 2,800,000 2,800,000 UNEP- OSS & UNESCO 2,300,000 1,700,000 275,000 225,000 4,500,000

2,300,000 4,585,714 3,000,000 2,868,036 671,250 13,425,000

4.2. UNDP-UNIDO Budget

Award ID: 00097201 Project ID(s): 00101032

Award Title: Projet TEST-ITTAS-Lutte contre Pollution du Fleuve Niger

Business Unit: NER10

Project Title:

Improving IWRM, knowledge-based management and governance of the Niger Basin and the Iullemeden-Taoudeni/Tanezrouft Aquifer System (ITTAS) (Comp. 3: Introduce systematic and integrated approach of industrial competitiveness and environmental/social responsibility to reduce wastewater discharges and pollution loads in the Niger River) (Short project title: TEST Roll-out in the Niger Basin)

PIMS no. 4798

Implementing Partner (Executing Agency) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)


Activities

Responsible Party/

Implementing Agent

Fund ID Donor Name

Atlas Budgetary Account

Code

ATLAS Budget Description

Amount Year 1 (USD)

Amount Year 2 (USD)

Amount Year 3 (USD)

Amount Year 4 (USD)

Total (USD)

See Budget Note:

Output 3. Niger Basin Authority’s Waterbody data/inventorying processes updated; pollution control and regulatory framework improved.

(including the identification of causes and sources of pollution)

UNIDO

62000 GEF

71200 International Consultants

69,465 175,395 122,430 400,290 767,580 1

71300 Local Consultants 76,615 174,158 38,953 112,763 402,489 2

71400 Contractual Services-Individuals 73,920 44,000 22,000 71,500 211,420 3

71600 Travel 73,700 123,200 51,700 205,781 454,381 4

72100 Contractual Services-Companies 277,200 146,300 112,750 244,750 781,000 5

72200 Equipment and Furniture 27,500 0 0 0 27,500 6

Independent Evaluation Implemented TEST approach

0 0 0 55,000 55,000 7

72800 Information and Technical Equipment 0 0 0 23,650 23,650 8

74100 Professional Services 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 9

74500 Miscellaneous 16,000 10,000 10,000 20,980 56,980 10

PROJECT TOTAL GEF 619,400 678,053 362,833 1,139,714 2,800,000

Summary of Funds: 17

Funding Sources

Amount

Year 1

Amount

Year 2

Amount

Year 3

Amount

Year 4 Total

GEF 619,400 678,053 362,833 1,139,714 2,800,000

UNIDO 3,520,638 3,520,638 3,520,636 3,520,638 14,082,550

Participating Governments, NBA and OSS

1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 4,400,000

TOTAL 5,240,038 5,298,691 4,983,469 5,760,352 21,282,550

17 Summary table should include all financing of all kinds: GEF financing, cofinancing, cash, in-kind, etc.


NOTE BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ATLAS DESCRIPTION

1

Output 3.1. Niger Basin Authority’s Waterbody data/inventorying processes updated; pollution control and regulatory framework improved. (including the identification of causes and sources of pollution)

International Experts (2 short term experts) for 6 months in total, 3 w/m ($10,000 per w