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NAVAL ltESL ' LABORATORY

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ECUAITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When' Dago Entaerd) ( --' . .. --- ] - _,REPORT'DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS

R OP BEFORE COMPLETING FORM1. REPORT NUN -A-j 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

NRL Memorandumi--ReprtJ447 j __

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) .... S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

BAIUM E : QUICK-LOOKFELDREP Interim report on a continuing-t B A UE:R EU DNA problem.U OBE MEAoSURMNTS, _

- 4. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

I. AUTHOR) a . CONTRACT ON GRANT NUM111E11(. ./6 E P./SzuszczewiczlJ. C. Iom S-nkani M~wnney

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS ,0. PROGRAM ELEMEN.PROJECT, TASK

AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERSNaval Research Laboratory __.__

Washington, DC 20375 62715H; 41-0950-A-1

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS II. REPORT DATE

March 26, 1981Is. NUMBER OF PAGES

Washington, DC 20305 26

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(i differet from COntbolind Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (o tdi report)

UNCLASSIFIEDISO. DECLASSI F€C ATION/ DOWN GIRAOING

SCM EULE

16. DISTRIUTION STATEMENT (of Oio Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the ab tact entered In Block 0, II different Ina Relpot)

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

*Present address: Bendix Field Engineering Corporation, 9250 Route 108, Columbia, MD 21045

This work was partially sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under Subtas 125AA , work unit 6#014,and work unit title "Nuclear Weapons Effects Program".

19. KEY WORDS (Contlnwe on mweate side If naeeoov anid Identify 1w block mmbet)

In situ measurementsBarium ion cloudBarium ion striationslonsopheric modifications

20. AESTRACT (Cntmme n rewN aO idIf noamy ididentlbyblocknbaw)

. -:-)On 12 December 1980, a 48 kg barium payload was launched from the A.15 site of the Eglin/Santa Rosa Island

Test Range. The barium was released in thF,-region of the Ionosphere at an altitude of 182.7 kin.Approximately 32 minutes later a second rocket was launched, carrying a plasma diagnostics complement whichincluded a pair of pulsed-plasma-probes and an Ion mass spectrometer for direct measurements of electron densityNe, temperature Te, density fluctuations 6 Ne, associated density fluctuation power spectra Pn(k), and ioncomposition Mi. The barium release and all associated measurements have been designated by code name JAN.

(Continues)

0O ,AN 1473 EDITION OF I NOV65 IS OBSOLETE IS/H 0102-LF-014-6601 ECURTY CLAWIICATION OF THIS PASE (11an Dat rem

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION4 OF THIS PAGE (When~ Date Entered)

20. Abstract (Continued)

- -This report presents quick-look field analyses of the pulsed-ptasma-probe data. A brief description is given onthe probe instrumentation, vehicle/payload performance, and "in situ" observations of barium cloud plasmadensities and structure.

SECURITY CLASUPICATION1 0"0018 PAORfMAMa Daeft e~.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................ 1

11. PROBE INSTRUMENTATION, PAYLOAD CONFIGURATION AND OVERALL

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ............................................... 1

III. ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES...........................................2

REFERENCES..........................................................12

11TIS G~

T, B 'or~ceTABe

njA S cc8

Lvti

l 4k -I-

DNA/PLACES BARIUM EVENT JAN: QUICK.LOOK FIELD REPORT OF"IN SITU" PROBE MEASUREMENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

At 2311:00 (GMT) on 12 December 1980, a 48 kg barium

payload was launched from the A-15 site of Eglin/Santa Rosa

Island Test Range. The barium was released in the F -

region of the ionosphere at 2313:42.1 and at an altitude of

182.7 km.

At 2342:50.8 a second rocket was launched, carrying a

plasma diagnostic complement which included a pair of pulsed-

plasma-probes and an ion mass spectrometer for direct measure-

ments of electron density N e' temperature Te density

fluctuation 6N e, associated density fluctuation power spectra

P n(k), and ion composition M . The probe payload penetrated

the highest density region (i.e., the highest density observed

along the payload's trajectory) of the barium ion cloud at

2344:40.8, a time defined as R+31 MIN. The barium release

and all associated measurements have been designated by code

name JAN.

This report presents quick-look field analyses of

the pulsed-plasma-probe data. A brief description will be

given on the probe instrumentation, vehicle/payload performance,

and "in situ" observations of plasma densities and structure

in the ambient ionosphere and throughout the intense barium

ion cloud structure.

II. PROBE INSTRUMENTATION, PAYLOAD CONFIGURATION

AND OVERALL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

A pair of pulsed-plasma-probes were diametrically

deployed from the forward-most lateral surface of the payload.

Manuscript submitted January 23, 1981.

The payload's ACS was designed to maintain the vehicle axis

parallel to the geomagnetic field throughout flight.. .a

condition which optimized data integrity from points of view

focused on magnetic-field and vehicle aspect perturbations.

Initial results indicate that the ACS functioned according

to design. Table 1 lists timer functions and altitudes

related to the plasma instrumentation on the probe payload

while Figure 1 presents the payload trajectory (alt vs time)

as determined by a single station radar solution. The

Figure was constructed from the trajectory data listed in

Table 2.

The pulsed-plasma-probe1 - 4 is a specially designed

Langmuir technique which eliminates distortions of the

measurement procedure known to degrade the conventional

approach to Langmuir probe measurements. In addition, the

pulsed probe technique makes possible the determination of

absolute electron density under fluctuating plasma conditions

and simultaneously determines the electron density N et

temperature Te, density fluctuations 6N e, associated power

spectra Pn (k) and mean ion mass <Mi>. The probe's highest

resolution capability in event JAN involved 6 N e with resolution

down to scale sizes equal to 0.5 meters at a 1km/sec payload

velocity.

III. ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES

The relative electron density profile observed "in

situ" by the pulsed probe measurement of baseline electron

current Ie (See e.g., Ref. 1 or 2) is presented in Figure 2.

B

2

The abscissa is expressed as seconds-after-launch, extending

over the domain t +75 - t (sec] - t + 373; while the ordinate0 0

is log (I ). The barium ion cloud was encountered on the

upleg portion of the trajectory at t A 99.5 sec (ALT '\, 145

Km). Peak densities within the cloud were observed at t

110 sec (ALT % 155 Km). For t > 135 sec the probe continued

relative density measurements within the undisturbed background

ionosphere to an apogee of 241 Km (t = 245 sec). (That IeB

is a reasonable representation of relative electron density

without major distortions from aspect sensitivities and/or

vehicle potential effects has been verified by a simultaneousi

measurement of baseline ion saturation currents IB shown in

Figure 3. For discussions relative to this point see References

4 and 5.)

To establish initial estimates of absolute electron

densities, I-V characteristics generated by the pulsed

sweep currents (See e.g., Ref. 3) were hand analyzed at

three positions within the cloud. The results indicated a

simple I to N conversion according toB e

-3 10 eNe (cm-) - 5.62 (10 0 'B (amps)

with an estimated accuracy of + 32%. More exact analyses

will result in absolute density determinations with a better

than 10% accuracy. This conversion has been applied to

Figure 2, resulting in initial estimates of peak barium ion

densities (t 1%, 110 sec, ALT - 155 Km) of 7.3(106 )C-3

This value represents an enhancement of 300 over ambient

3

ionospheric conditions at that altitude. An expanded view

of the ion cloud domain (95 < t (sec) < 135) is shown in

Figure 4 while Table 3 lists densities, altitudes and coordinates

of specific observations relevant to a first-order view of

the ion cloud and the background ionosphere.

4

S.

Table 1 - Timer Events Related to the Plasma

Instrumentation on the Probe Payload

TIME EVENT ALTITUDE (Nom.)

t f 2342:50.8 Launch 00

to + 66 a) Nose Cone Separation 90 Km

b) Probe Door Deploy

t + 76 a) Payload Separation 105 Km0

b) ACS ON

c) Mass Spec RF ON

t + 78 Yo-Yo Despin 110 Km0

t + 80 Probe Deploy 112 Km0

t + 93 Mass Spec HV ON 120 Km0

t + 108 ACS de-activate 152 Km0

t + 166 ACS Re-activate 213 Km0

5

O.~"-..

250 II

I

200

E

wI 15 0

'- PROBE PAYLOADRPRELIMINARY TRAJECTORY<:: 100 DNA/PLACES

LAUNCHED: 12/12/80 23 42 50.8(GMT)

50 -EVENT JAN

I I I I100 200 300 400 500

TIME AFTER LIFT-OFF (sec)Fig. 1 - Probe payload trajectory from single radar station

solution (See Table 2)

6=.=,.=.,.

74 1'

) 0l '0 IT 0 0 C) n '0 r-(n c-I -4 c4 la 04 0- -4 L-I e4

1 - 00Lr -S 0n 0n 01 Un 0 r-

c,-7 r,. .-4 Ln r r- 0 oc Lm ONr- -4 4 en "- r- en 0 ('4 %DN- c-. 0- r- t-4 ('J cc (1 I% T

soo ' 0 ' oo a,- r-. r-. c. I-

Go 10 -.1 cn 10 ccA -4 r, (3 co

10 c1Jo -1 0 s 0 D 'I -4 ('I

cl 4 -4 -4 4

' 4 0 4 '0 co ON ON 0% ('1 %D C

(r4 -o .4Ln o c-4 00 IT U-

- .4_ cN4 C'4 enI cJ c -j e n

N0 11 0_________ A__ ____________

c-I 0 0, n 0T IT '0 n' c14 '0

'0 m. c' 0 (4 -C' 0 U-I 0 a% ('o LA cI 4I '0 %D1 r- -4 -4 10 -

jj 4 V) r, -4 -4 0 c-- (n

E-4 c (D cc4 c.4 (7 V c4c NC3 o * c4 _; 9 a;

0) 00 '0 _S 01 c 0 0n uo-1 - r41 c--S "- 0* c14 1-4 ('1

('4 0 U-I '0 ' 0 r- 1 % 0

10 ~ ~ ' 'T4 c-n c-I c-0vl 00- c-I C -4 c-n c-V c-s O ''4 c -S 4 ('

0; - 70 : : 10n 1 % (1 1 f n r

z 1-4o f r - - 1

lzr ' -:r 1 -1 2 11 4T L

C4- N 04 c-S ('.4 r'4 4

4H

7n

II ~ ~ - --- -S - .--. ----- ~-. 1*

DNR PLRCES-NRL E PROBLIFT UP TIME347 17 42 50

S I ;.

LA

B

0 wow

Z0

L TIME AFTER LIFT-OFF (SEC)CI

-JLS

I-

C...- 1. . I I I I ! I 1 I I t II

'0

Ln

Fig 2 - Relative electron density profile as measured by baselineelectron current I as a function of seconds after launch. Absoluteelectron densities can be estimated from the conversion Ne [cm -315.62(1010) Ie [amps] See text for statement of accuracy.

8

DNA PLRCES-NRL E PROBELIFT UP TIME347 7 42 56

LI,

C')

-J

_j-

Sr_Z O

cc TIME AFTER LIFT-OFF (SEC)

- - I I I I I I I I I I I

wJ t

Ii B

U,

Fig. 3 - Relative electron density profile as measured by baselineion current IB as a function of seconds after launch. Note thation current increases downward. Agreement between Figures 2 and 3

establishes credibility in the I measurements as a reasonable repre-* B

sentation of relative density (See text).

9

DNR PLRCES-NRL E PROBELEFT uP TIME

347 17 42 50

Ln

e

_j -

ix -- TIME AFTER LIFT-OFF (SEC)cc

-,, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

, 155 115 i1

czii

00

IIO

Fig 4 - An expanded view of the barium ion cloud density profile asmeasured by baseline electron currents. Absolute electron densitiescan be estimated within an accuracy of + 327. (detailed analysfg willyield + 10% or better) by the conversion N e cm

" ] 5.62 (10 Be

[amps]. eL

10

L .

--- - - --. -, -

0 00 ~ 'fl 0 0 04

0 00 0.0 00 O-

0 0 0 00

V 0% 0%

0 ON0% 00C4 (N (N (

go

1 -4 c 4

0) -4 0 ' 0 04 9 -4 en -

E-4 C1 0 C0 0 0wu -4 1-4 -

~z0I- - C4I Le; Li

'444

E-4 0 0 0i d0z- 1-4 4~ -4

REFERENCES

1. Holmes, J.C. and E.P. Szuszczewicz, "A versatile plasma probe,"

Rev. Sci. Instr. 46, 592 (1975).

2. Szuszczewicz, E.P. and J.C. Holmes, "Surface contamination of

active electrodes in plasmas: Distortion of conventional

Langmuir probes," J. Appl. Phys., 46, 5134, (1975).

3. Szuszczewicz, E.P. and J. C. Holmes, "Observations of electron

temperature gradients in mid-latitude E layers," J. Geophys.5

Res., 82, 5073, (1977).

4. Szuszczewicz, E.P., R.T. Tsunoda, R. Narcisi, and J.C. Holmes,

"Coincident radar and rocket observations of equatorial

spread-F," Geo.Res.Lett. 7 (1980).

5. Szuszczewicz, E.P. and P. Z. Takacs, "Magnetosheath effects on

cylindrical Langmuir probes," Phys. Fluids 22, 2424, (1979).

12

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