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: Non-CO2
1)*****
I.
II.
1.
2.
3.
III.
1.
2.
IV.
1.
2.
.
I.
, 1970 2004 70%
. , 21
6.4 (IPCC 4 , 2007).
.
1992 UN
(UNFCCC, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) , 1997
3 (Conference of the Parties)
(Kyoto Protocol) . 2009 15
* **
144 49(2010)
.
2008 60
Low Carbon, Green Growth .
2009 12 2010 4
. 2020
BAU 30% ,
Non-Annex1 .
,
(, 2005).
, ,
, , (,
2005).
,
. (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
IPCC) ,
. ,
(Country-specific emission factor)
. , Non-CO2 ,
,
.
Non-CO2
, .
.
1.
, ,
4 .
1, 2, 3 ,
(, , , , , ,
) Raw Mill .
145
(Separator) , Raw Mill .
(Silo) .
1,250~1,450
. ( )
,
.
. , ,
.
_ ..
,." ~ m ll 1!:\! 1I:I !lI 2.3ll!ll n fJ ~!I!l1I!!!ll !l '!UI/. Rn.'1I !"
a ~~
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146 49(2010)
Source and Sink Categories to be Assessed in Key Category Analysis Gases to be
AssessedCategory Code Category Title
Energy
1A2Fuel Combustion Activities - Manufacturing Industries and
ConstructionCO2, N2O, CH4
Industrial Processes and Product Use
2A1 Mineral Industry - Cement Industry CO2
* 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories
Suggested Aggregation level of analysis for Approach
2.
,
(, 2005). CO2
(CaCO3) . Non-CO2
, CH4 N2O , PFCs, HFCs, SF6
(CO2 Accournting and Reporting Standard for the Cement Industry; WBCSD, 2005).
2005 3,854
,
90% . , NSP SP
,
E
]{@ (? J.r CaSC ~~ ----------------------~
~
147
Lung Sampler
2003 2004 2005
(-CO2)
Gross 43,943 41,201 38,539
Net 43,089 40,001 37,420
: : Gross CO2 , Net .
(, 2008).
.
1.
. CO2 , CO2 .
CO2 Non-CO2(CH4, N2O) , Non-CO2
, .
CO2 (, ) ,
, Non-CO2 .
Non-CO2 2006 IPCC G/L ISO
11564:1998 ASTM D5835-95(Reapproved 2007) EPA Method
. ,
. Sample Conditioner
Tedlar Bag .
E
* 11: ; v
;;
148 49(2010)
Step 1 (concentration)
Item Volume concentration Mass concentration Flow rate
Sub-Item A B C
Unit ppm kg CO2/m3 m3/hr
Calculation A(16 or 44/22.4)106
Step 2 (Raw Data)
Item Net heating value Fuel consumption Heating Output
Sub-Item D E F
Unit TJ/Gg ton/hr TJ/hr
Calculation EF103
Step 3 (Emission)
Item Non-CO2 Emission
Sub-Item G
Unit kg Non-CO2/hr
Calculation BC
Step 4 (Emission Factor)
Item Non-CO2 Emission factor
Sub-Item H
Unit kg Non-CO2/TJ
Calculation G/F
Non-CO2
Conditioner Lung Sampler
.
Non-CO2 (Flame Ionization Dectector; FID) GC-FID
(Electron Capture Detector; ECD) GC-ECD CH4 N2O
. Non-CO2 4
. , 1 Non-CO2 ,
2 , 3 Non-CO2
4 Non-CO2 .
149
2.
(
, 2007) ( (CO2)
, 2007), ( , 2009),
( , 2009) .
Non-CO2 .
1)
2006 3
. 5
, Kiln Stack .
Non-CO2 30 8 .
1000 TOE
. 5 , 4 , 3 , 3
, . 1~2
.
2)
GC-FID(Model CP-3800, Varian, USA) CH4
, GC-ECD(Model CP-3800, Varian, USA) N2O .
(IKA-C2000, Germany) (Thermo
Finnigan-Flash EA 1112, USA) . TMS
, Non-CO2 .
CH4 N2O (Micro gas
chromatograph, TCD/FID) 3 .
, TMS
Non-CO2 .
3) Non-CO2
CH4 2.65 Kg/TJ(1.53 ~ 4.87
Kg/TJ), N2O 1.14 Kg/TJ(0.34 ~ 2.53 Kg/TJ) .
, .
150 49(2010)
(Kg/TJ)
CH4 N2O
2.65 1.14
2.83 1.37
Non-CO2 ( )
CH4(Kg/TJ) N2O(Kg/TJ)
24.8 0.9 9
+ 18.9 0.47
(10~20%)
Non-CO2 ( )
,
. CH4 2.83
Kg/TJ , N2O 1.37 Kg/TJ .
CH4 N2O .
CH4 24.8 Kg/TJ, N2O 0.9 Kg/TJ .
, CH4 23.8% 18.9 Kg/TJ
, N2O 47.8 % 0.47 Kg/TJ .
Non-CO2
.
, CH4 6.7 , N2O
0.66 .
. IPCC , CH4
IPCC 65 % . N2O IPCC
.
Non-CO2
.
.
151
/(Kg/TJ)
CH4 N2O
IPCC1)
2)
3)
4)
2.8318.91.01.51.01.5
1.370.47
--
0.83.0
1) IPCC, 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories.2) Ministry of the Environment, Japan, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES, 2007,
National Inventory Report of Japan.3) Department of Environmental and Water Resources Australian Greenhouse Office, 2005, NATIONAL
GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 2003.4) Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, 2005, Denmark's National Inventory Report 2005.
Non-CO2
.
1.
Non-CO2
5 20 Non-CO2 . Non-CO2
.
A CH4
J
14.00
12.00
. c4
10.00 C 8.00. i c
6.00 c
U ------
-------------
4.00 ----
---- ----
----
----
-----
-----
2.00
0.00 Continuous Time
152 49(2010)
CH4
(Kg CH4/TJ)N2O
(Kg N2O/TJ)
2.83 1.37
1 4.87 2.53
1.53 0.34
1
A N2O
1 . 1
, CH4 1.7 ,
0.54 . N2O 1.8
0.25 .
Non-CO2 , ,
,
.
2.
(Uncertainty) ,
.
, , , , ,
1.80
1.60 . N20
1.40
. I .' ..... :'1 ---------- ---------- --0.
40 1 1 ......... .+. . ............ ----,.* ----- ---- -- -. . . . v
0.20
0.00
~onttiinnuuOL
153
(IPCC Guideline, 2006)
, .
IPCC G/L 5000 95 % lower, upper
. 95%
2.5~97.5% .
1 . 2.5% 0.7 97.5% 1.3
1.0 30% . 1
. 2.5% 0.5 97.5% 2 -50~
+100% .
Non-CO2 20 % -66~
+200 % , . Non-CO2
.
(IPCC Guideline, 2006)
Lack of completeness
Miss ing da ta I Model
\v lt" Misre porting or ~ / \ L - . . . I _ Lack of da ta misclass ifi ca tion """" r ulcertaintv l ~
" .... l Lack Measurement error . l - . ~ represenetativeness 01 da ta
Statistical random sampling error
-Em(] r-Em(
2 5 th
Percentile
o 2 E x ample E mission F actor
3
154 49(2010)
(IPCC Guideline, 2006)
95% 1) 2003 GHG
2)
3)
4)
CH4
50 Normal C, CS CS Winiwater and Rypdal, 2001
-75 to +10 T1, T2, CS CS, PS Monni et al, 2004
-50 to +100 Lognormal T2, CS D, CS, PS Rypdal, 1999
Order ofmagnitude - T1 D, CS EIA, 1999
N2O
20 Normal C, CS CS Winiwater and Rypdal, 2001
-75 to +10 Beta T1, T2, CS CS, PS Monni et al, 2004
-66 to +200 Beta T1, CS D, CS Rypdal, 1999
-55 to +200 - T1 D, CS EIA, 1999
1) 95% , 2) UNFCCC Annex 1 2003
.3) : T1(IPCC Tier 1), T2(IPCC Tier 2), T3(IPCC Tier 3), C
(CORINAIR), CS(Country-specific)4) : D(IPCC default), C(CORINAIR), CS(Country-specific), PS
(Plant-specific)
Non-CO2
-tm=-pmpga
3
Example Emission Factor
155
V.
Low Carbon, Green Growth ,
.
,
.
, .
CO2 Non-CO2 , CO2
. Non-CO2 , ,
. Non-CO2
CH4 6.7 , N2O
0.66 .
.
Non-CO2 ,
,
. ,
, Non-CO2
.
2010 (KETEP)
(No. 20100092).
, 2007, (CO2) , , 23(2): 158-168.
, 2009,
, .
156 49(2010)
, 2008, CO2
, , 24(2): 189-195., 2008, Good Practice ,
.
, 2008, 1 , .
, 2009, 2 , .
, 2005, Follow-up , .
, 2003, .
, 2007, , .
, 2010, , ., 2004, , .KS M 0031: 2002 .
KS E 3707: 2001 .
KS M 2057: 1997 - .
Center for Global Environmental Research, 2010, National Greenhouse Gas inventory Roport of
Japan, Center for Global Environmental Research.
IPCC, 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories Volume 1, IPCC.
IPCC, 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories Volume 2, IPCC.
Martin Schneider, 2006, Climate Change - and CO2 reduction a Challenge for the cement industry,
VDZ, Dusseldorf, Germany.
US EPA, 2004 Environmental Technology verification report, Swine waste electric power and heat
porduction-martin machinery internal combustion engine, pp. s-5.
US EPA, 2000 Air-sampling method 1, 2, 3, 18.
Wight G.D., 1994 Fundamentals of Air sampling, Lewis Publishers, 135-184.
WBCSD, 2005, CO2 Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Cement Industry, WBCSD.
WBCSD, 2009, Cement Technology Roadmap, WBCSD.
. . . . .