T-Budding and Grafting in Apple Naveen Kumar Dixit · 2020. 4. 30. · Naveen Kumar Dixit *Assistant Prof. of Horticulture and Extension Specialist University of Maryland Eastern

T-Budding and Grafting in Apple

Naveen Kumar Dixit

*Assistant Prof. of Horticulture

and Extension Specialist

University of Maryland Eastern

Shore

Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and

Resources Sciences

Princess Anne, Maryland

[email protected]

410-621-3650

Requirements:

Scion: In the form of a single bud with a part of bark

Rootstock: Based on interest which may be dwarf/semi-dwarf

: Already planted in field

T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple

Scion

Single bud with bark

Rootstock

Requirements:

Rootstock Diameter (Small): 6 to 25 mm (1/4 to 1 in)

Bark must be slipping

Current year growth and buds from middle/base of the branch

Use vegetative buds not flowering buds

Apples, Peach, Roses, Citrus

Budding 2 to 3 inch above soil line



• Requirements: Time

Spring Budding (March to May):

Stored dormant buds or non growing buds of last years new growth

Budwood collected in fall and stored at –2 to 0°C (29 to 32°F)

Bud start Growing in same year

1 year old scion and 2 year old rootstock will be the result

https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf

June Budding (May to Early June):

Budwood collected from current season growth

Bud started growing in same year

1 yr old scion and 1 year old rootstock

Plants are generally small (mostly used for peach, apricot, plum, nectarine)


Requirements:June budding is confined toregions that have a longgrowing season. In theUnited States, this includesthe central valley ofCalifornia and some of thesouthern states— such asTennessee and Arkansas.




Summer Budding (Mid-July to Early September): also called fall budding

Budwood collected from current season growth

Bud start Growing next year in spring

1 year old scion and 2 year old rootstock will be the result


• Success or Failure

Bud must unite within 2 to 3 weeks.

Success means bud retains it light brown/green color, and stays plump.

Failure means the bark piece turns black.

Budding can be repeated if bark still slips.





Principles of grafting and budding chapter elevenhttps://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M11_DAVI4493_08_SE_C11.pdf


• Budding makes very efficient use of scionwood, because only a single bud is needed topropagate a new tree.

• This efficiency reduces both the number of trees required to supply scionwood and thelabor to maintain the trees and collect wood.

• Budding also makes good use of plant material in cases when scionwood of a particularclone is limited.

• Budding may also result in a stronger union, particularly during the first few years,than is obtained by some grafting techniques, which reduces the likelihood that windwill damage the trees.

• The simplicity and speed of budding, especially the T-budding and chip buddingtechniques, makes these techniques useful for amateur horticulturists.

• A single, well-learned method can be used in a wide variety of applications.

Advantages of Budding Compared to Grafting

Text taken from: https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf

Grafting in Apple

The union of a root system (understock) with a shoot system (scion) in such a manner

that they subsequently grow and develop as one composite (compound) plant.


• REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL GRAFTING

Grafting in Apple

1. The rootstock and scion must be compatible. They must be capable of uniting. Usually, but

not always, closely related plants, such as two apple cultivars, can be grafted together.

Distantly related plants, such as oak and apple, cannot make a successful graft combination

2. The vascular cambium of the scion must be placed in direct contact with that of the

rootstock. The cut surfaces should be held together tightly by wrapping, nailing, wedging,

or some similar method.

3. The grafting operation must be done at a time when the rootstock and scion are in the

proper physiological stage. Scion buds are dormant and rootstock may be active or inactive.

4. Immediately after the grafting operation is completed, all cut surfaces must be protected

from desiccation.

5. Proper care must be given to the grafts for a period of time after grafting.

Grafting in Apple


Winter and early spring (Early March) while both scion and rootstock are still dormant

Containerized plants may be moved indoors during the actual grafting process; after grafting, these plants are placed in protected areas or in unheated overwintering houses

Field-grown stock, of course, must be grafted in place and union must be covered with

soil.

Some deciduous trees are commonly grafted as bare rootstock during the winter and stored until spring planting.

Indoor winter grafting is often referred to as bench grafting because it is accomplished at a bench.

https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/grafting-and-budding-nursery-crop-plants

https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/grafting-and-budding-nursery-crop-plants

• Requirements: Scion

• For most species, the wood should be 1 year old or less (current season’s growth). Avoid including oldergrowth, although with certain species, such as the fig or olive, 2-year-old wood is satisfactory, or evenpreferable, if it is of the proper size.

• Healthy, well-developed vegetative buds should be present. Avoid wood with flower buds. Usually,vegetative buds are narrow and pointed, whereas flower buds are round and plump

• The best type of scion material is vigorous (but not overly succulent), well-matured, hardened shootsfrom the upper part of the tree, which have grown 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 ft) the previous summer. Suchgrowth develops on relatively young, well-grown, vigorous plants; high production of scion materialcan be promoted by pruning the plant back heavily the previous winter.

• A satisfactory size is from 0.6 to 1.2 cm (1/4 to 1/2 in) in diameter

• The best scions are obtained from the center portion or from the basal two-thirds of the shoots. Theterminal sections, which are likely to be too succulent pithy, and low in stored carbohydrates, should bediscarded. Mature wood with short internodes should be selected.

Grafting in Apple


• Detached scion graftage: A type of graft used when a section of the shoot of the scion is removed and grafted to the apex or side of the rootstock.

• 1: V-shape/Saddle

• 2: U-shape

• 3: Omega-shape

Grafting in Apple


https://www.amazon.com/NAYE-Garden-Grafting-Cutting-Scissors/dp/B079M6W6WV

5 mm to 12 mm/(1/4 to 1/2 in) in diameter

Grafting in Apple

Grafting in Apple

That’s a lot to chew on!

https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrels-really-organize-nuts.htm

Thanks and Questions

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T-Budding and Grafting in Apple Naveen Kumar Dixit · 2020. 4. 30. · Naveen Kumar Dixit *Assistant Prof. of Horticulture and Extension Specialist University of Maryland Eastern