Systems and Models--Web Version

7/28/2019 Systems and Models--Web Version

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Systems and Models in

Curriculum Development


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In this lesson, we will focus on

the systems approach to

curriculum development. By theend of this lesson, you should be

able to select a model that is mostappropriate for the setting for

which you are designing

or evaluatingcurriculum.


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Curriculum development is often

done in a haphazard manner.

May have a hidden agenda due to

factors such as: to keep or create jobs

sell materials and equipment

fulfill political or social agenda

fit a particular instructors preferences


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A systematic-model approach to

curriculum design may be the key to

avoiding these undesirable influences.

Lets take a look atSystems

AndModels


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What is a system??

A system is a collection of

elements, interacting witheach other to achieve a

common goal.

Crunkilton and Finch (1999)


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A system consists of five

elements. These are?? Input-fuel, air, electrical charge

Output-movement, spark

Feedback-sounds, temperature

Environment-operating environment

including ambient temperature,

personnel

Process-internal combustion, cooling,

movement


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What about human resource

systems?? Input--?

Output--? Feedback--?

Environment--?

Process--?

Think about a human

resource system at your

organizationlets say,

staff development. What

would be some of the

components of each of

these elements? For

example, what input

would be a part of staff

development? Go to theDiscussion Board and

share your thoughts on

these elements.
http://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htmhttp://thumper.valdosta.edu/cbackes/aced7030/discussion_board.htm


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A Model is??

A simplified, yet communicable

representation of a real-world setting

or situation.May be synonymous with design.

It is an organized way ofaccomplishing a goal or task.

See page 29

in your text.


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Furthermore, a model should be...

Practical

RealisticEfficient

Inclusive

Lets look at some

systematiccurriculum

planning models.


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The Systems Model for

Performance ImprovementThis model, formerly the Technology Training

System (TTS), is designed to separate training

problems from non-training problems.Highly dependent uponfront-end analysis, it is

used to decide Whether management actions,

developmental efforts, environmental forces, or

some combination of these will affect the change

in performance.See page 30 in your text.


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There are five phases to the

Performance Improvement

Model...

Analyze

Design

Develop

ImplementControl


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The Analysisphase focuses on

two key componentsOrganizational performance diagnosis

What are the desired performances?

What are the actual performances?

What improvements need to be made?

Work expertise documentationGathering information

Recording expertise requirements needed

to perform on the job.


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The Analysisphase is heavily

dependent on front-end analysis.

Front-end analysis is a

systematic means of seekingsolutions to human

performance problems while

keeping in mind the

problems definition andcharacteristics, as well as

alternate courses of action.


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Front-end analysis involves...

Needs assessments

Task analyses ID of work or job requirements

Proposal development

Administrative buy-in


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During the Design Phase...

Program and lessons are designed

Designs are based on results of the

analysisphase

Needs are matched with restraints


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During the Develop Phase...

New materials are developed

Existing materials are revised


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During the Implement Phase

Management and training plans

are enacted

Training actually takes place,

when necessary


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During the Control Phase

Training is evaluated

Results are reported

Training is revised

Trainees proficiency is

monitored and maintained onthe job (follow-up)


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The Performance-Based

Instructional Design System

(PBID)

Designed to provide a

systematic means of developinginstruction that would ensure

the performance capabilities ofthe learner.Crunkilton and Finch (1999)See page 36 in

your text.


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Steps in the PBID include...

Program Description

intent and context

Content Analysis

ID of possible content

Content Selection

what will the content be

Content Sequencing

how will it be sequenced


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Steps in the PBID include...

Lesson Structuring

considers principles of learning and

possible thematic considerations (next

slide)

Lesson Delivery Formatting

traditional, CBT, individualized

Development of EvaluationProcedure

includes quality assurance and feedback


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A Thematic Curriculum

Framework is...A set of organized experiences

such as programs, courses, and

other school-sponsored activitiesthat provide students with exposure

to a broad, predominate theme.

Examples may include specific health

settings, aerospace, maritime, etc.

See page 38 in your text.


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h l i d l


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The Tylerian Model was

expanded by Doll (1986)to

include: Statement of need, based on

assessment

Statement of objective

Content list and organizational plan

Description of learning experiences

Evaluation plan

Plan to solicit support for the

curriculum


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The final model that we will look at

is the Ten-Step Curriculum Planning

Model.This model first appeared in the NASSP

Bulletin in 1984 in an article by Zenger

and Zenger. It is an inclusive,organized approach that certainly meets

the definition of systematic model. It is

commonly used in the school setting.The article is not available on the

web as a full text article,

therefore, I will mail a copy to

you.


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Identify

Curricular Need

Develop Goals and

Objectives

Identify Resources

and Restraints

Organize CurriculumCommittees

Establish Roles of

Personnel

Identify New

Curriculum

Select New

Curriculum

Design New

Curriculum

Implement New

Curriculum

Evaluate

Curriculum

Ten-Step

CurriculumPlanning

Process Model


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When using the Ten-Step

Model, the process... may or may not include all steps.

may begin or end at any of the

steps.

steps may be repeated as

necessary evaluation is a critical component of

all steps


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A quick wrap up...

Models are useful because they

provide guidance and structure.

Systems models bring variousgroups, individuals, information,

and activities together to achieve

the goal and to provide continuous

feedback in order to improve the

curriculum.


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And thats it. Be sure to check

the website for assignmentsrelated to this lesson. Let me

know if you have any questions.Use the discussion board to post

comments and discuss these

issues.

Documents

Systems and Models--Web Version