SysteMicrobiology Badry Revision

7/28/2019 SysteMicrobiology Badry Revision

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Systematic Microbiology Revision

Supervised by

:

Prof. Dr. Mohamed SherifBy:

Mohamed El-Badry

Mahmoud El-Mahallawy


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Medical Microbiology

Microorganisms

Bacteria Fungi Viruses

Cocci Bacilli Spirals DNA viruses RNA viruses


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Cocci

Gram +ve Gram -ve

Neisseria

Bunches Chains Diplo Diplo

Staphylococci Streptococci Pneumococci


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S. aureusmorphology


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Staphylococci

Definition

Gram-positive cocci arranged in bunches, non motile, non spore -forming


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Classification of Staphylococci

Classified according to the color of the colonies into :

Staphylococcus

saprophyt icus (Ci trus)

Staphylococcus

epidermidis (albus )

Staphylococcus

aureus

Golden Yellow Colonies White Colonies Lemon Yellow Pigment


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2. Direct Microscopic examination (Direct Film): Gram

positive cocci arranged in bunches, non motile, non-sporeforming among pus.


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b. Effect of colonies on Blood Agar:

Colony

Complete Zone of

haemolysis (-

hemolysis) around

colony due to production

of haemolysin

S. aureus produce haemolysin that destroy RBCs in blood agar medium


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Indirect film (Film from culture)

Gram-positive cocci arranged in bunches from culture


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Biochemical Reactions:

Coagulase production:

Tube Method: to detect soluble coagulase

Slide Method: to detect bound coagualse

Coagulase-positive Staphylococci:

Staphylococcus aureus

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci:

S. epidermidis

S. saprophyticus


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12

Cutaneous lesions of S. aureus


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Staphylococcal osteomyelitis in a long bone

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Stye


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Impetigo


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scalded skin syndrome


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Toxic shock syndrome


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Toxic shock syndrome


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SSSTSS


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TSS SSS TSS


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1 normal

microflora

2impetigo

11 respiratory infections

8 meningitis

3 furuncle, carbuncle

4 wound inf., abscesses

5 spread via lymphatic

and blood ways

6 osteomyelitis

7 endocarditis

10nephritis

9 enteritisfood poisoning


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Streptococci

DefinitionGram-positive cocci arranged in chains, non motile, non spore-forming

Sometimes capsulated (Strept. Pneumoniae)


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Classification

Streptococci

Aerobic Anaerobic

Peptostreptococcus-hemolytic -hemolytic Non-hemolytic

St. viridans St. pyogenes St. faecalis

(Enterococcus

faecalisSt. pneumoniae


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Freshly isolated Streptococcus

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Streptococcus pneumoniae


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- Haemolytic Streptococci

Viridans Streptococci Streptococcus pneumoniae

Diseases


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Diagnosis of Sub Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Incubate

37 oC,

24 h.

Sub

Cu

lture

Blood Culture


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-hemolytic streptococci Group A Lancifield


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Direct microscopic examination

showing Gram positive cocci,

arranged in chains among pus

Indirect microscopic examination

showing Gram positive cocci,

arranged in chains from culture

Treatment (The drug of Choice)

Penicillin


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Acute follicular tonsillitis

Scarlet FeverNote the strawberry tongue of

scarlet fever

Impetigo

Erysipelas


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Erysipelas


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Acute follicular tonsillitis

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Scarlet fever


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Neisseria


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Acute gonorrheal male - showing urethral discharge

Neisseria gonorrhea


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N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitides

Direct Examination (Stained smear) will show:

Gram-negative kidney-shaped diplococci, Intracellular and extracellular


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Ophthalmia neonatorumNon venereal gonococcal infection

Neisseria gonorrhea


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meningo coccus

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Neisseria Meningitidis


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Lumbar Puncture


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Gram Positive Bacilli

Aerobic Anaerobic

Spore-forming Non-spore forming

Bacillus Corynebacterium

Spore-forming

Clostridium

Anthracis

Anthracoid

diphtheriae

diphtheroid

botulinum

Perfringens

tetani


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Pneumonic Anthrax

Wool sorters disease

Cutaneous Anthrax

Malignant Pustule


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Corynebacterium

Definition

Aerobic, non spore forming, Gram-positive bacilli arranged in chinese letters


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Diphtheria


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Metachromatic

granules


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Lofflers serum Blood Tellurite


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Clostridium

Definition

Anaerobic, Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli

Spore


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Clostridium tetani


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Tetanic neonatorum


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Treatment of Tetanus

Antitoxic serum Penicillin


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Immunization

(Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)


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A film of Cl. tetani stained by Gram showing characteristic durm-stick

appearance due to terminal spherical spores

Microscopic Examination


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Culture

Anaerobic culture (using

anaerobic gas pak jar)

on blood agar

Anaerobic culture

(using anaerobic medium)

on Robertson Cooked meet


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Clostridium causing gas gangrene

Saccharolytic Proteolytic

C. perfringens (welchii) C. sporegenes


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Culture

Anaerobic culture

(using anaerobic medium)

on Robertson Cooked meet


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Treatment of Gas Gangrene

1. Removal of necrotic tissues or even amputation

2. Antitoxic serum

3. Penicillin or clindamycin

4. Washing with H2O2


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Mycobacterium

(Acid-Fast Bacilli)

The Cell wall is rich in lipid (mycolic acid) making the cell wall resistant to:

Disinfectants

StainsGrams Stain

Decolorization by acids thus they are termed acid fast bacilli

Mycobacterium

Tuberclosis

Tubercle Bacilli

(T.B.)

saprophyticusLeprae


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A Sputum film stained by Ziehl-Nellsen stain showing the

tubercle bacili as pink rods in a blue background.

Mycobacter ium tuberclosis (T.B )


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Lowenstein Jensen media


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Treatment

PASA

Ethambutol

Streptomycin

INH

Remactan

cycloserine

Immunization

BCG


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Mycobacterium leprae

Ziehl nellsen Modified Ziehl nellsen

T.B.


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Mycobacterium leprea

LeprosyLLTT


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Treatment

Dapson (Sulfa)


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www.orl.cz/choroby/ustni/jazyk/zanet/1


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Treponema pall idum

Narrow coils


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Secondary Syphilis

Skin Rash Condylomata lata


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Tertiary syphilis


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Treponema pertenue

Yaws

Non venereal skin infection


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Borrelia spp.


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Giemsa Stain of Borrelia Gram Stain of Borrelia


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Vincents Angina


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Cultivation of Viruses

Figure 13.7

Chick embryo


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Herpangina caused by coxackie virus


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Jaundice casued by Hepatitis A virus


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Influenza

Spread by droplet


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Point mutation of HA and NAgenes

ANTIGENIC DRIFT

ANTIGENIC SHIFT

Genetic Reassortment

Human H3N2

Avian H3N8

Human H2N2Generation of Novel Influenza A Viruses


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d h l


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Treatment and Prophylaxis

Tam fluAmantadine


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k lik d b M l i


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kopliks spots caused by Measles virus


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S t f HIV i f ti


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Symptoms of HIV infection


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didi i


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candidiasis


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Herpes simplex type 1


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Herpes simplex type 1


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human papilloma virus


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human papilloma virus

Treatment


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Treatment

Epstein Barr virus


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Epstein Barr virus

Burkitt's lymphoma


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SysteMicrobiology Badry Revision