System User Manual - Montana Instruments4100-DOC001 System User Manual Cryostation® s-series s50 | s100 | s200 Version: 3.1 March 2020 [email protected] +1.406.551.2796

4100-DOC001

System User Manual Cryostation® s-series s50 | s100 | s200

Version: 3.1

March 2020

www.montanainstruments.com

[email protected]

+1.406.551.2796

101 Evergreen Drive

Bozeman, MT 59715, USA

This page intentionally left blank.

Cryostation® s-series

3

Specifications & product information listed in this document are accurate to the time of publishing for a

standard system. Options, custom designs, or other modifications may cause slight differences. Future

design changes to the system, including software updates, may change information.

© Montana Instruments® Corporation, All Rights Reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means,

including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written

permission of Montana Instruments.

Montana Instruments, Cryostation, nanoReveal, microReveal, Cryo Optic, and ATSM are trademarks of

Montana Instruments Corporation. Other brand names used are the property of their respective owners.

System User Manual

4

Table of Contents

Section 1 - Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

1.1 Conventions Used in this Manual ...............................................................................................................................8

1.1.1 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

1.1.2 Explanation of Safety Warnings ............................................................................................................................................. 8

1.1.3 Graphical Symbols ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2 General Hazard Information ...................................................................................................................................... 10

1.3 Technical Support Information ................................................................................................................................. 11

1.3.1 Warranty & Repairs .................................................................................................................................................................. 11

1.3.2 Accessories & Replacement Parts....................................................................................................................................... 11

1.3.3 Contact Details ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Section 2 - System Overview .................................................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Cryostat ........................................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.1.1 Intended Use ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.1.2 Components ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

2.1.3 Technical Specifications .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

2.1.4 Safety Information .................................................................................................................................................................... 15

2.2 System Control Unit ..................................................................................................................................................... 16

2.2.1 Intended Use ............................................................................................................................................................................... 16

2.2.2 Components ................................................................................................................................................................................ 16



2.3 Vacuum Control Unit .................................................................................................................................................. 20

2.3.1 Intended Use ............................................................................................................................................................................... 20

2.3.2 Components ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20



Section 3 - System Installation & Handling ......................................................................................................... 24

3.1 Packaging Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 24

3.2 Component Placement and Layout Plan ............................................................................................................... 26

3.3 Unpacking the Components ..................................................................................................................................... 27

3.3.1 Unpacking the Compressor ................................................................................................................................................... 27

3.3.2 Unpacking the Cryostat .......................................................................................................................................................... 27


5

3.3.3 Unpacking the Control Units ................................................................................................................................................ 28

3.4 Installing the Cryostat ................................................................................................................................................ 29

3.4.1 Mounting the Cryostat to the Optical Table .................................................................................................................. 29

3.4.2 Removing the Shipping Supports ....................................................................................................................................... 29

3.5 Connecting System Cables and Power................................................................................................................... 32

3.6 Moving the System ..................................................................................................................................................... 35

Section 4 - Sample Chamber Configuration ........................................................................................................ 36

4.1 Accessing the Sample Space .................................................................................................................................... 36

4.2 Sample Mounting ........................................................................................................................................................ 38

4.3 Mounting a Thermometer ......................................................................................................................................... 39

4.4 Windows ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

4.4.1 Window Covers .......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

4.4.2 Window Replacement ............................................................................................................................................................. 41

4.5 Sample Chamber Wiring ............................................................................................................................................ 43

4.5.1 Types of Wiring .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43

4.5.2 Thermal Lagging Techniques ............................................................................................................................................... 43

4.5.3 User Wiring Interfaces ............................................................................................................................................................. 44

4.5.4 Wiring Schematics..................................................................................................................................................................... 44

Section 5 - System Usage & Operation ................................................................................................................. 48

5.1 System Control Options ............................................................................................................................................. 48

5.1.1 User Interface .............................................................................................................................................................................. 48

5.1.2 Remote Graphical Display ...................................................................................................................................................... 50

5.1.3 Scripting ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 50

5.2 Primary Operations ...................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.2.1 Turning on the System ............................................................................................................................................................ 51

5.2.2 Controlling System Temperature ........................................................................................................................................ 51

5.2.3 Venting and Pulling Vacuum ................................................................................................................................................ 53

Section 6 - Care & Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 55

6.1 System Care .................................................................................................................................................................. 55

6.1.1 When Working in the Sample Chamber .......................................................................................................................... 55

6.1.2 When You Will Not Be Using Your Cryostat ................................................................................................................... 55

6.1.3 Standard Checks Before Every Cooldown ....................................................................................................................... 55

6.1.4 Periodic Checks Every 6-12 Months .................................................................................................................................. 56

System User Manual

6

6.2 Long-Term Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................... 57

6.2.1 20,000 Hour Maintenance ..................................................................................................................................................... 57

Section 7 - Diagnostics & Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................... 58

7.1 Expected System Performance................................................................................................................................. 58

7.2 System Diagnostics ..................................................................................................................................................... 59

7.2.1 Performance Issues ................................................................................................................................................................... 59

7.2.2 Power and Communication Issues ..................................................................................................................................... 59

7.2.3 Compressor Issues & Fault Messages ............................................................................................................................... 60

7.3 System Checks .............................................................................................................................................................. 63

7.3.1 Temperature Optimization .................................................................................................................................................... 63

7.3.2 Vibration Mitigation ................................................................................................................................................................. 65

7.3.3 Vacuum Check ............................................................................................................................................................................ 65

7.3.4 Helium Check .............................................................................................................................................................................. 66

Section 8 - Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 68

8.1 Related Documentation ............................................................................................................................................. 68

Manual Addendum ........................................................................................................................ see Supplement A


7

Section 1 - Preface

WARNING

Read all instructions before using this product

All users must read and understand this manual and all other safety instructions before using the

equipment. Retain these instructions for future reference.

This manual is intended for users of the Montana Instruments products and systems described herein.

Users include anyone who may physically interact with the system or peripheral equipment, including

installing, setting up, or configuring the system or anyone who may operate system components via

operating panels, the supplied user interface, or remote interfaces.

This manual may be used by facilities personnel for determining infrastructure requirements in the

room or building where the equipment will be installed.

This manual should be referenced by authorized service personnel for important safety and hazard

information and other product restrictions.

System User Manual

8

1.1 Conventions Used in this Manual

The following style conventions are used in this document:

• Vertical bar ( | )

o Indicates alternative selections. The bar may be used in place of “and” or “or”

• Alphanumeric List (1., 2., 3…| a., b., c…)

o Indicates instructions or actions which should be completed in a specific ordered

sequence

• Bulleted List (• | ◦ | -)

o Indicates instructions, commands, or additional information about an action

o May alternatively be used for unordered lists of materials or additional reference notes

• Courier Font

o Indicates a label or indicator on a physical product or part

o Indicates a system output, such as a display reading

o May also be used for URLs, file paths, file names, scripting language, prompts, or syntax

1.1.1 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used:

• ACM: Ancillary Control Module

• CAN: Controller Area Network

• DMM: Digital Multimeter

• HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface

• MI: Montana Instruments

• TCM: Temperature Control Module

• UI: User Interface

• UPS: Universal Power Supply

• USB: Universal Serial Bus

• VNC: Virtual Network Computing

• International System of Units (SI) symbols

• System of Imperial Units symbols

• Element, molecule, and compound abbreviations

1.1.2 Explanation of Safety Warnings

Safety and hazard information includes terms, symbols, warnings, and instructions used in this manual

or on the equipment to alert users to precautions in the care, use, and handling of the system. The

following hazard levels and information are considered:

DANGER

Serious personal injury

Imminent hazards which, if not avoided, will result in serious injury or death.


9

WARNING

Serious personal injury

Potential hazards which, if not avoided, could result in serious injury or death.

CAUTION

Possible personal injury

Potential hazards which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

NOTICE

Command or Product Safety Notice

Potential hazards which, if not avoided, could result in product damage.

» NOTE

Points of particular interest for more efficient or convenient equipment operation; additional

information or explanation.

1.1.3 Graphical Symbols

The following symbols may be used in diagrams, supporting text, and on physical parts:

Hazard Alert: General Warning

Hazard Alert: High Voltage

Hazard Alert: Laser Radiation

HDMI port

CAN bus module

USB port

System User Manual

10

1.2 General Hazard Information

The following descriptions are of general hazards and unsafe practices that may result in product

damage, severe injury, or death.

• The products, parts, and components in this manual are to be serviced by authorized Montana

Instruments service representatives only. Failure to do so will void the warranty and may

damage the product and/or create a safety hazard.

• Only use all components provided for the intended purpose described herein.

• If the equipment or any component is used or modified in a manner not specified by the

manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

The following hazards may be typical for this product:

WARNING

Risk of injury when lifting or moving system components

System components, including standalone equipment and installed assemblies, may be heavy.

• Use caution when lifting or moving equipment or assemblies. Ensure proper lifting principles are

used to avoid injury.

• Equipment or assemblies >20 kg should always be lifted by two or more people or with a suitable

lifting device.

WARNING

High voltage: danger of electric shock

Electric shocks and burns from capacitor discharge or power circuits could lead to serious injury or

death.

• Before turning on any power supply, the ground prong of the power cord plug must be properly

connected to the ground connector of the wall outlet. The wall outlet must have a third prong or

must be properly connected to an adapter that complies with these safety requirements.

• Only use replacement power cords or power plugs with the same polarity and power rating as

that of the original ones. Do NOT use inadequately rated cables.

If the equipment or the wall outlet is damaged, the protective grounding could be disconnected.

• Do NOT use damaged equipment until its safety has been verified by authorized personnel.

• Do NOT disconnect or tamper with the operation of the protective earth terminal inside or

outside the apparatus.

NOTICE

Only clean exterior surfaces with acceptable fluids

• Only use deionized water, glass cleaner, or isopropyl alcohol to clean the exterior surfaces of any

enclosure. Do NOT use any volatile chemicals other than isopropyl alcohol.

• Apply fluid to a clean, lint-free cloth and wipe surface with cloth. Do NOT apply fluid directly to

any surfaces or enclosures.


11

1.3 Technical Support Information

Any technical questions or issues with the system that cannot be resolved with the information in this

manual should be referred to an authorized Montana Instruments service representative.

1.3.1 Warranty & Repairs

If the system or parts need to be returned to the Montana Instruments factory or an authorized service

center for repair or service, contact an authorized service representative for an return merchandise

authorization (RMA) number and instructions on returning the unit.

For a copy of the Limited Warranty Agreement, visit: www.montanainstruments.com/About/Warranty

1.3.2 Accessories & Replacement Parts

Only use cables, hoses, accessories, and parts provided or approved by the manufacturer. Follow all

instructions for proper installation or replacement.

• To order spare or replacement parts, please contact your local service representative.

• To order new accessories or options, or for more information on other Montana Instruments

products and technologies, please contact your local sales representative.

1.3.3 Contact Details

For a complete list of sales and service centers visit: www.montanainstruments.com/Contact

North American Authorized Service

• M-F 8:30am-5pm MST | Call: +1.406.551.2796

• Email: [email protected]

North American Sales

• M-F 8:30am-5pm MST | Call: +1.406.551.2796

• Email: [email protected]

International Sales & Authorized Service

• Visit www.montanainstruments.com/Contact/Sales-Offices for contact information for your local

representative.

http://www.montanainstruments.com/About/Warranty

http://www.montanainstruments.com/Contact

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.montanainstruments.com/Contact/Sales-Offices

System User Manual

12

Section 2 - System Overview

2.1 Cryostat

Models Part Numbers

Cryostation s50 4106-5000-00



2.1.1 Intended Use

The system is a closed-cycle optical cryostat used to control the temperature and vacuum parameters

of an integrated sample environment.

The cryostat is designed to connect to the system control unit, vacuum control unit, and helium

compressor provided by Montana Instruments. The back panel of the cryostat includes interface

locations for these cable and hose connections.

2.1.2 Components

Cryostat

The cryostat consists of the cooling tower assembly and the sample chamber, connected by a baseplate

and a semi-rigid bellows assembly. The entire cryostat assembly is rigidly mounted at either 45° or 90°

to the hole pattern on an optical table via screw locations in the baseplate (optical table not included).


13

Cooling Tower Assembly

The main cooling is provided by a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler suspended inside the

cooling tower assembly (inside the black vertical outer cylinder). A vibration damping support structure

serves to isolate the cryocooler mechanical vibrations from the optical table and sample platform. The

cryocooler is part of a closed-loop flow of helium which is pressurized by the separate helium

compressor.

The cryocooler has two principle stages, each with thermometers to monitor temperature and heaters

for warmup. Stage 1 is thermally coupled to the radiation shield inside the sample chamber. Stage 2 is

thermally coupled to the sample mount platform.

Sample Chamber

The sample chamber consists of the lower vacuum housing with interfacing side panels, the sample

mount platform and sample mount assembly, a surrounding radiation shield with inner “cold” windows,

and the upper vacuum housing assembly with outer “warm” windows.

Thermal fluctuations are damped using both active and passive techniques. The sample platform

mitigates the effects of gross thermal contraction during cooldown by using a thermal contraction-

canceling design of the sample support structure.

» NOTE

Some purchased options may arrive pre-installed in or on the sample chamber. Any other options

should be installed according the directions provided in the relevant Manual Addendum.

Helium Compressor

The helium compressor is a single-phase, variable-speed, air-cooled compressor. It uses an on-board

microcontroller to control the compressor capsule and cryocooler drive motor to achieve the desired

cooling.

To ensure the safe operation of the compressor, a variety of compressor conditions are monitored,

including pressures, temperatures, oil level, and oil flow. The microcontroller uses these parameters to

adjust operating conditions for efficiency. In addition, pressure sensors allow the system to check for

leaks or improper attachment of the cryocooler.

Temperature Control Module (TCM)

A TCM peripheral card in the attached system control unit is used to control the

thermometry and heaters located on the cryocooler stages, platform, and user channels

and display those readouts in the UI. This communication interface is used to actively

control the platform temperature.

The DSUB25 port (HEATER/THERMOMETER CONTROL) on the TCM card is used to interface

with the cryostat. The split cable connects to ports on the back panel of the cryostat.

System User Manual

14

2.1.3 Technical Specifications

Environmental Specifications

Temperature of Environment 5 – 40 °C

Humidity 5 – 80% non-condensing

Altitude <2000 m

Power Specifications

Model Compressor: B-01

Mains Power Connector on Unit IEC 60320 C20

Line Voltage 208 – 240 VAC

Frequency 50 – 60 Hz

Maximum Current Draw 15 A

Maximum Power Consumption 3.12 kW

Wall Outlet /

Receptacle

N. America & non-EU NEMA 6-20R single-phase (see note below)

CEE Europe (non-UK) CEE 7/3 or CEE 7/5 w/ common ground terminal

UK IEC60309-6H (16A)

Israel SI 32 (IS1-16P)

» NOTE

The NEMA 6-20R is a special outlet in the United States. An electrician must set this outlet up for

208-240 VAC, 20 Amps, and single-phase. The outlet cannot be three-phase.

Physical Dimensions

Component L x W x H Mass

Cryostat

Cryostation s50 56.3 cm x 23.2 cm x 49 cm 29 kg

Cryostation s100 64 cm x 23.2 cm x 49 cm 29 kg

Cryostation s200 58 cm x 27 cm x 49 cm 47 kg

Compressor 61 cm x 38 cm x 64 cm 93 kg


15

2.1.4 Safety Information


WARNING

Risk of serious injury due to hazards associated with cryocooling

All personnel working with the system must be aware of the potential hazards associated with

cryocooling.

• Personnel working with the system should be trained in emergency measures that may be

required in the event of an accident.

Risk of suffocation due to potential asphyxiates.

Nitrogen (N2) and Helium (He) are potential asphyxiates if released into an enclosed area with poor

ventilation. A decrease in air oxygen content can be caused by leaks.

• Ensure that proper tubing is used and good connections are made at each connection point to

prevent release of these gases.

Risk of explosion due to high pressure if system is not allowed to vent properly.

• Never bolt or otherwise fasten the lid of the sample chamber closed. The lid acts as a safety

pressure release in the event of high-pressure accumulation in the cryostat.

Risk of cold contact burns.

Parts of this system are very cold and may cause severe burns to the skin.

• Allow components to warm up to room temperature before touching. If contact occurs, consult a

physician immediately.

NOTICE

Take care when moving the cryostat

• Do NOT tilt the cryostat more than 45 degrees. Inverting the cryostat will cause damage.

• The cryostat and sample chamber are a single unit. The attached sample chamber must be

supported at all times. Do NOT lift the cryostat by the sample chamber.

• Do NOT lift the cryostat by the cryocooler tube or the top of the main body enclosure.

• The cryostat ships with red locking plugs and a shipping support to prevent damage to sensitive

components. Do NOT remove these until after the unit has been attached to the table.

Take care when moving the compressor

• Do NOT tilt the compressor. Doing so may damage the unit.

• The compressor is on casters for moving. Ensure casters are locked prior to operating.

Risk of product damage due to improper use

• Never disconnect the vacuum hose while the temperature of any stage of the cryostat is below

285 K. Never open the case or vent valves when the temperature of any stage is below 285 K.

• Only use dry nitrogen gas with the cryostat. Do NOT substitute other gases for system venting.

• Avoid using any material in the sample chamber that may outgas or otherwise contaminate the

optical windows and cryostat surfaces.

• When manually operating heaters, monitor the Stage 1 and Stage 2 temperatures to ensure these

temperatures do NOT rise above 350 K. Temperatures above 350 K may damage critical

components within the system.

System User Manual

16

2.2 System Control Unit

Models Part Numbers

SC1160 4116-500-00 | 4116-500-01

System Control Unit with User Interface Touchscreen Front of Enclosure

2.2.1 Intended Use

The system control unit is a device used for instrumentation control of Montana Instruments products.

It provides both the electronics hardware and software interface for communicating with other devices

and controlling various instrument parameters.

2.2.2 Components

The system control unit consists of an outer enclosure, single board computer, peripheral cards, a

touchscreen user interface display, and several communication ports. The enclosure is compatible with a

standard 19-inch equipment rack (4U) and can be mounted with other rack mount devices. It can

alternatively be placed independently on a table or shelf.

User Interface Touchscreen

A 10-inch touchscreen display provides the main user interface control for the system. The software can

alternatively be monitored and controlled via a VNC interface or remote scripting.

Enclosure Communication Ports

SC1160 (no peripheral cards) rear enclosure SC1160 (two peripheral cards) rear enclosure


17

HDMI

The HDMI port on the rear face of the enclosure is used to interface with the touchscreen display.

USB

Two USB ports are available on the rear face of the enclosure. One of these is used to interface with the

touchscreen display. The other is used to interface and communicate with the VC1130 turbopump

option (when available).

Four USB ports are available on the front face of the enclosure. These can be used for communicating

with external storage drives.

Ethernet

An ethernet port is available on the rear face of the enclosure for connecting with a local network or

computer. A local network connection is required for controlling the instrument via the remote

graphical display or scripting features, and a network internet connection is required for remote

technical support.

DSUB9 (CAN)

The DSUB9 port on the rear face of the enclosure is used to interface with the helium compressor (when

present). This connection allows the system control unit to run the CAN bus in the compressor and

display compressor readouts in the UI.

Peripheral Cards

The SC1160 contains slots for up to six peripheral control cards. Depending on the enclosure

configuration, peripheral cards may have access on either the front or rear face. There are several types

of peripheral cards for controlling various equipment.

System User Manual

18





Altitude <2000 m


Model SC1160




Maximum Current Draw 6.65 A

Maximum Power Consumption 665 W

Wall Outlet /

Receptacle

N. America & non-EU Standard NEMA 5-15


UK BS1363 (UK) w/ common earth ground terminal

Israel I-32-3 w/ common earth ground terminal

Cart Power Module IEC 60320 C13

Physical Dimensions


SC1160 43 cm x 38 cm x 17 cm 13.6 kg



WARNING

Risk of injury due to sharp edges

The interior of the enclosure contains sheet metal parts that may have sharp edges.

• When working inside the enclosure (authorized service personnel only), exercise caution to avoid

getting cut by these edges.

WARNING



death.

• Prior to accessing the enclosure or when otherwise servicing the unit (authorized service

personnel only), completely power down the system and unplug the power cable.

• If power must be applied to diagnose issues or otherwise, a grounding strap must be applied to

the arm interfacing internal components.


19

NOTICE

Peripheral cards must not exceed 600 W to avoid product damage

• The system control unit can supply a maximum power of 600 W across all installed peripheral

cards. Ensure the cumulative power of all installed peripheral cards (maximum power rating of all

cards added together) does not exceed 600 W.

Transportation and installation

• When not in a rack unit, the enclosure should not be stacked on any other equipment nor should

another other equipment be placed on it.

• Allow 8 cm minimum clearance from any ventilated face (sides, front) and 20 cm clearance in the

rear for cables and hoses.

• Do NOT move the unit while operational. Remove all cables prior to moving. Lift the enclosure by

using both handles on the front face.

System User Manual

20

2.3 Vacuum Control Unit

Models Part Numbers

VC1110 4117-520-00

VC1130 4117-520-01

Vacuum Control Unit Front of Enclosure

2.3.1 Intended Use

The vacuum control unit is a device used for vacuum control of Montana Instruments cryostats. It is

designed to connect to the system control unit and cryostat provided by Montana Instruments. It is

recommended to locate the vacuum control unit near both connected apparatuses.

2.3.2 Components

The vacuum control unit consists of an outer enclosure, diaphragm (roughing) pump, ¼ inch vacuum

coupling O-ring connection, two valves, and several communication ports. The enclosure is compatible

with a standard 19-inch equipment rack (6U) and can be mounted with other rack mount devices. It can

alternatively be placed independently on a table or shelf.

The roughing pump is used to achieve a rough vacuum. A high vacuum is achieved with cryopumping.

During cooldown, the sample platform temperature lags the Stage 1 temperature in the cryostat by

~100 K so that remaining particles are trapped by the charcoal adsorbers, keeping the sample clean and

free from contamination. When venting after warmup, a dry nitrogen purge (if attached) is used to clean

the vacuum system.


21

Enclosure Communication Ports

VC1110 rear enclosure VC1130 (Turbo) rear enclosure

DSUB25 (VACUUM CONTROL)

The DSUB25 port on the rear face of the enclosure is used to interface with the system control unit

Ancillary Control Module. This connection allows the system control unit to control the pumps and

valves in the vacuum control unit and display roughing pump, vent valve, case valve, and system

pressure readouts in the UI.

USB (VC1130 only)

The USB port on the rear face of the enclosure (VC1130 turbopump version only) is used to interface

with the system control unit, allowing the turbopump to be controlled via the UI.

Ethernet (VC1130 only)

The ethernet port on the rear face of the enclosure (VC1130 turbopump version only) is

used for communicating with the turbopump vacuum gauge.

Ancillary Control Module (ACM)

An ACM peripheral card in the attached system control unit is used to control the valves

and pumps in the vacuum control unit. The DSUB25 port (VACUUM CONTROL) on the ACM is

used to interface with the vacuum control unit.

System User Manual

22





Altitude <2000 m


Model VC1110, VC1130




Maximum Current Draw 1.9 A

Maximum Power Consumption 190 W

Wall Outlet /

Receptacle

N. America & non-EU Standard NEMA 5-15


UK BS1363 (UK) w/ common earth ground terminal

Israel I-32-3 w/ common earth ground terminal

Cart Power Module IEC 60320 C13

Physical Dimensions


VC1110 | VC1130 43 cm x 38 cm x 26.5 cm 24 kg



WARNING

Refer to associated product manuals for complete safety information

• The VC1130 model contains a Pfeiffer Vacuum® HiPace® 80 turbopump. Refer to the Operating

Instructions provided by Pfeiffer for important safety information regarding this component.

WARNING

Risk of injury due to sharp edges

The interior of the enclosure contains sheet metal parts that may have sharp edges.

• When working inside the enclosure (authorized service personnel only), exercise caution to avoid

getting cut by these edges.


23

WARNING



death.

• Prior to accessing the enclosure or when otherwise servicing the unit (authorized service

personnel only), completely power down the system and unplug the power cable.

• If power must be applied to diagnose issues or otherwise, a grounding strap must be applied to

the arm interfacing internal components.

NOTICE

Risk of product damage due to improper use

• Do NOT kink vacuum tubing or install vacuum tubing in an area where it may be pinched.

• Ensure all vacuum clamps and fittings are secured tightly prior to operation.

• Do NOT disturb vacuum tubing while the turbopump (if included) is operational.

Risk of turbopump damage due to improper use (VC1130 model only)

Venting the system at rotor speeds higher than 250 Hz may cause damage to the turbopump

• Do NOT vent the system when the turbopump is rotating faster than 250 Hz. Observe rotational

speed on the UI to ensure safe rotating speeds prior to manual venting.

• If the system control unit unexpectedly shuts down prior to turning off the turbopump, turn off

the main power to the vacuum control unit and wait at least 15 minutes before venting the

system.

Transportation and installation

• When not in a rack unit, the enclosure should not be stacked on any other equipment nor should

another other equipment be placed on it.

• Allow 8 cm minimum clearance from any ventilated face (sides, front) and 20 cm clearance in the

rear for cables and hoses. For the VC1130, allow 30 cm rear clearance.

• Do NOT move the unit while operational. Remove all cables prior to moving. Lift the enclosure by

using both handles on the front face.

System User Manual

24

Section 3 - System Installation & Handling

3.1 Packaging Contents

The system will arrive on 2-4 pallets, depending on the options purchased. Depending on the

configuration, items below may differ. Additional purchased options may be pre-integrated in the

sample chamber or packaged separately. Refer to the shipment packing list for more details.

Compressor Box

• Helium Compressor

• Helium Hoses (2): SUPPLY & RETURN

• Vacuum Hose

Cryostat Box

• Cryostat and Sample Chamber (single unit) with pre-installed options (depending on

configuration ordered)

System Control Box

• System Control Unit with pre-installed peripheral cards (depending on configuration ordered)

Vacuum Control Box

• Vacuum Control Unit

Accessory Box

• User Interface Touchscreen Display

Cables & Hoses

• Main Power Cords (3): for the Compressor (C19), System Control and Vacuum Control Units (C13)

• 6-socket to 6-pin circular M-F connector cable: Compressor to Cryocooler Head

• DSUB9 F-F serial cable: System Control to Compressor CAN communication

• DSUB25 M-M cable: ACM to Vacuum Control

• DSUB37 F – split to DSUB25 M, DSUB25 F, MDR26: TCM to cryostat control

• USB & HDMI cables: for the User Interface Touchscreen Display

Accessory Kit

• Tweezers

• Pick Tool

• Allen keys (3): M1.5, 2.0 & 4.0

• Apiezon® N-grease: for cryogenic thermal connections only

• Apiezon® L-grease: for lubricating O-rings only

• GE Varnish Adhesive (VGE): for wires or samples within 4 K space

• Kapton® Tape: for wire insulation


25

• Unwaxed Dental Floss: for wire management

• KF-25 to VCO adapter: for vacuum leak testing

• Spare VCO O-rings

• Fischer Connector Strip: for custom connections

• Assortment of spare screws

• Window tool: for removing the window retaining rings on the vacuum housing

• Purge adaptor and recharge adaptor: for recharging the system in the event of a helium loss

• Additional custom components such as sample mounts, window, or thermometers (if purchased)

System User Manual

26

3.2 Component Placement and Layout Plan

Prior to unpacking the system, it is recommended to pre-plan the placement of components in the lab

space. Component dimensions are outlined in the System Overview section on page 12. Detailed

dimensions are available online.

• The cryostat (including the sample chamber) must be mounted to an optical table. The main

housing can typically be oriented at either 45° or 90° to the hole pattern in the optical table.

Allow 60 cm clearance in the back of the unit for the helium and vacuum hoses.

• The compressor must remain upright and sits on the floor. Allow 100 cm clearance in the back

of the unit for helium hoses and air cooling.

• The system control unit (4U) and vacuum control unit (6U) can be rack-mounted in a standard

19” rack unit (sold separately) or placed on a nearby shelf. Allow 8 cm clearance on the front,

sides, and rear.

• The user interface touchscreen can be placed on any nearby work surface.

Please consider the allowable distance between components, as outlined in the cable diagram below.

The helium hoses between the cryostat and compressor require a minimum bend radius of 6 in (15cm)

for 10 ft (3 m) hoses or 9 in (23 cm) for 30-50 ft (9-15 m) hoses, with a 4 in. (10 cm) straight section at

each end. If long hoses were not purchased with the system, the standard length is 10 ft (3 m).


27

3.3 Unpacking the Components

If an installation was ordered, we recommend leaving the system packed until a service representative

arrives.

NOTICE

Inspect shipment upon receipt

Before unpacking the system, please note the condition of the

boxes, shock watch sensors and tilt watch sensors. The boxes

should be intact and strapped to the pallets. If there is any

visible damage or if the sensors have been tripped, contact an

authorized service representative immediately and do NOT

proceed with unpacking.

Shock watch

Tilt watch

Retain equipment packaging for future use

We recommend saving the original equipment packaging (foam, box, and pallets). The packaging is

specially designed to support and stabilize the equipment and will required if the unit needs to be

transported in the future. Some components must be packed upright on a pallet to avoid damage.

3.3.1 Unpacking the Compressor

Locate the compressor pallet.

1. Cut the bands securing the box to the pallet.

2. Carefully remove the box surround the unit. Lift directly up and over the surrounding foam.

3. Remove the top piece of foam to locate the hoses. Remove the hoses and set aside.

a. If you ordered long or oversized hoses, they will be in a separate box.

4. Using two people, lift the compressor off the pallet and gently set it on the floor. Take care not

to tilt the compressor.

5. The compressor has casters for moving it. Remove the plastic wrap and roll the unit to its

desired location.

Compressor on pallet Step 2: Removing compressor

box

Step 3: Locating vacuum and

helium hoses

Step 4: Compressor on

floor

3.3.2 Unpacking the Cryostat

Locate the cryostat box.

System User Manual

28

1. Remove the box wrap and cut the bands securing the box to the pallet. Carefully lift the box off

the pallet and set on a nearby surface.

2. Open the side of the box and slide out the cryostat and foam onto an adjacent surface.

3. Lift off the top piece of foam.

4. Reach under the unit and grasp the main structure below the baseplate and sample chamber.

Supporting the system at the front and back, carefully lift the system out of the foam and onto

the table, taking care not to tilt more than 45°. A second person can assist with this step.

5. Carefully remove the plastic wrap around the main body and sample chamber. Leave the

window covers in place.

6. Gently slide the unit to the desired location on the optical table.

Step 2: Sliding out the cryostat Step 4: Support and lift the unit out of the

foam

Step 4: Alternate back support location

3.3.3 Unpacking the Control Units

Locate the control unit boxes.

1. Remove the box wrap and cut the bands securing the box to the pallet. Carefully lift the box off

the pallet and set on the floor or a nearby surface.

2. Open the top of the box and remove the top piece of foam.

3. Reach inside and grasp the underside of the unit. Lift the unit up and out of the box. Keeping

the unit in the same orientation, set onto an adjacent surface.

4. Carefully remove the plastic wrap around the enclosure.

5. Move the unit to the desired location.


29

3.4 Installing the Cryostat

3.4.1 Mounting the Cryostat to the Optical Table

The cryostat can be mounted at either 45° or 90° to the hole pattern in an imperial or metric optical

table. When aligning the system, make sure you can still reach and access the sample chamber.

1. Adjust the cryostat so the mounting holes around the sample chamber are directly aligned with

holes in the optical table.

The baseplate contains four additional mounting locations, two on either side of the black vertical

cryocooler cylinder, and two at the back of the unit. These locations each have a slotted disk for fine

adjustment.

2. Turn the slotted disks at each remaining baseplate location until a table hole is aligned with the

slot.

3. Starting at the front of the sample chamber, insert a short hex screw in each mounting location.

Start by loosely starting each screw, turning just enough to hold the screw in place. Minor

positioning adjustment may still be required.

4. After placing a screw at each location, tighten all screws securely, moving front to back.

s50: seven mounting locations s100: nine mounting locations s200: 12 mounting locations Tightening screws

On some models, the operational cable may be shipped disconnected:

5. Locate the MDR26 cable coming out of the front of the cryostat tower (next to the black vertical

cryocooler cylinder).

6. Connect the cable to the lower MDR26 connector on the base side panel of the sample chamber

at the location labeled: OPERATIONAL

3.4.2 Removing the Shipping Supports

Once the cryostat is secured to the table, the shipping supports can be removed. These should be

removed for optimal performance.

1. Locate the red C-spacers on either side of the connection point between the sample chamber

and cryocooler (two total). Unscrew the M3 screws.

2. Remove the red caps then pull out the red tab.

System User Manual

30

C-spacer locations C-Spacer cap and tab

» NOTE

If it is difficult to remove the C-spacer, remove both caps first. Then, follow the steps below to

remove the cryocooler shipping support. Finally, gently lift up on the black cylinder surrounding the

cryocooler and pull on the red tabs to remove.

Removing the final shipping support requires removing the top cover of the cooling tower assembly.

3. On back sides of the top cover, locate the two M4 x 8mm hex screws. Remove with a 2.5mm

Allen key.

4. Slide the top cover back. There is a grounding wire attached to this cover, but it is long enough

to allow the cover to set on the adjacent table surface while the remaining steps are completed.

5. Locate the red shipping support brackets (two pieces). Using a 5mm Allen key, remove the M6 x

14mm screws on the top of each bracket. Store these screws and washers in the accessory kit.

Step 3-4: Removing the top cover Step 5: Removing the shipping support screws

6. On the side of the shipping support, locate the two M5 screws holding the bracket in place

(shown orange below). Using a 4mm Allen key, loosen these screws but do not remove.

7. Slide the shipping bracket (shown red below) up so it is no longer touching the silver tri-flange.

Holding it in place, re-tighten the two M5 screws (orange) to secure it in this unlocked position.

8. Repeat steps 10-11 on the other shipping support.


31

Bracket bolted in lower position (for shipping) Bracket locked in upward position (for operation)

9. Replace the top cover by sliding it back into place from the rear, aligning the tabs with the

inside of the front panel. Replace the two M4 x 8mm screws.

Step 9: Replacing the top cover

NOTICE

Keep the C-spacers, shipping supports and screws. These should be reattached and locked in place

any time the cryostat needs to be moved in the future.

System User Manual

32

3.5 Connecting System Cables and Power

NOTICE

Only use cables and hoses provided or approved by the manufacturer

Only use the cables and hoses in the manner described below.

1. Remove any plastic covers from the connector locations on the back of the compressor, the

cryostat, the system control unit, and the vacuum control unit.

Helium Hoses:

Helium hoses should first be tightened by hand. Use a crescent wrench to continue to tighten the

fitting, stopping as soon as force is required. Do not overtighten.

2. Locate the helium hose labeled SUPPLY. Connect one end to the SUPPLY location on the back of

the compressor. Connect the other end to the SUPPLY location on the back panel of the

cryostat.

3. Locate the helium hose labeled RETURN. Connect one end to the RETURN location on the back of

the compressor. Connect the other end to the RETURN location on the back panel of the

cryostat.


33

NOTICE

Check cable connections

• Be sure to connect supply to supply and return to return. Do NOT switch the supply and return

hoses, as the return hose may have internal contamination from extended use.

• Before connecting, ensure there is a single O-ring at each connection point and hose end. See

Helium Hose Fittings on page 66 for details.

• Keep the fittings straight to avoid any loss of helium as the hose is attached.

• Damage may result if the helium supply and return lines do not have room to expand and

contract. Ensure the tubing runs straight from the back of the unit and makes loose gentle bends

between connections. The minimum bend radius is 6 in (15cm) for 10 ft (3 m) hoses or 9 in (23

cm) for 30-50 ft (9-15 m) hoses.

• Do not let the helium hoses contact or rest on the optical table, as this can introduce vibrations.

Cryocooler Power Interconnect:

4. Locate the 6-socket to 6-pin circular M-F connector cable. Connect the M end to the back of the

compressor. Connect the F end to the CRYOCOOLER HEAD location on the back panel of the

cryostat.

Compressor Communication:

5. Locate the DSUB9 F-F series cable. Connect one end to the QD-CAN IN location on the back of

the compressor. Connect the other end to the CAN location on the back of the system control

unit. Tighten both connections with the thumbscrews to secure.

Vacuum Hose:

6. Locate the vacuum hose. Connect one end to the VACUUM LINE location on the back of the

vacuum control unit. Connect the other end to the VACUUM LINE location on the back panel of

the cryostat. The O-ring seal only needs to be compressed, so take care not to overtighten.

NOTICE

Check cable connections

• Do NOT overtighten the vacuum hose, as this can spin the fitting and cause a vacuum leak.

• Make sure the vacuum tube fitting has a single O-ring in it. The O-rings occasionally come loose

and fall out.

Control Cables:

7. Locate the DSUB37 F – split cable. Connect the DSUB37 F end to HEATER/THERMOMETER

CONTROL location on the TCM peripheral card in the system control unit. Where the cable splits,

attach the DSUB25 F end to the SAMPLE CONTROL location, the DSUB25 M end to the CORE

CONTROL location, and the MDR26 to the USER INPUT locations on the back panel of the

cryostat. Tighten all connections with the thumbscrews to secure.

8. Locate the DSUB25 M-M series cable. Connect one end to the VACUUM CONTROL location on the

back of the vacuum control unit. Connect the other end to the VACUUM CONTROL location on the

ACM peripheral card in the system control unit.

System User Manual

34

User Interface:

9. Locate the USB and HDMI cables. Connect these cables from the back of the system control unit

to the user interface touchscreen display.

Nitrogen (optional):

To keep the sample space clean, a dry clean nitrogen connection is highly recommended, especially in

humid climates. Nitrogen will help rid the system of moisture and decrease the initial pump down time.

10. Connect a ¼ in (6mm) tube to your nitrogen source (this tubing is not supplied).

11. Start the nitrogen supply at a low flow rate.

12. Verify that the nitrogen is flowing through the tube and does not contain any water vapor. Allow

some nitrogen to flow through the tube to remove impurities.

13. Connect this tube to the N2 INLET fitting on the back of the vacuum control unit by pressing in.

14. Set the nitrogen pressure to approximately 15 psi.

To disconnect the tubing, push the green circle on the fitting inwards and pull the tubing out.

» NOTE

The system uses nitrogen during a VENT operation or during a COOLDOWN or PULL VACUUM operation

if “dry nitrogen purge” is enabled.

System Power:

Be sure to connect all other cables and hoses prior to connecting system power.

15. Locate one of the C13 main power cords. Ensure the rocker switch on the back of the system

control unit is off ( o ).

16. Connect the main power cord to the C14 connector located on the rear of the enclosure.

17. Connect the power plug to the appropriate 100 – 240 VAC wall outlet power source.

18. Locate the other C13 main power cord. Ensure the rocker switch on the back of the vacuum

control unit is off ( o ).



21. Locate the C19 main power cord. Ensure the rocker switch on the back of the compressor is off

( o ).



» NOTE

Once all cables and hoses are connected, use the Velcro straps provided to neatly bundle the cables,

but do NOT include the helium hose. The helium hoses should never be strapped down in any

location.


35

3.6 Moving the System

If the system ever needs to be moved to a different lab or location, follow the steps below:

1. Save any important data on the system.

2. Gracefully power down the unit by:

a. Tap (press and release) the power button on the front of the system control unit -or-

b. On the touchscreen UI, navigate to MENU > SYSTEM SETTINGS and select POWER OFF

3. Remove the helium and vacuum hoses, paying special attention to ensure the O-rings remain in

place.

4. Remove the remaining cables and electrical connections.

5. Reverse the steps in Removing the Shipping Supports on page 29. Replace the red locking rings

and c-spacers and lock the red shipping support down on the tri-flange. Then, unbolt the

system from the optical table.

6. Re-pack the system in original packaging. Some components must be packed upright on a

pallet to avoid damage.

NOTICE

• Follow all handling instructions for the individual components as outlined in General Hazard

Information on page 10 and the System Overview section starting on page 12.

• If you are uncomfortable with moving the system on your own, or if you need to order any

replacement packaging, please contact an authorized service representative.

• Do NOT attempt to disassemble any components of the system beyond the original state as

shipped from the Montana Instruments factory.

System User Manual

36

Section 4 - Sample Chamber Configuration

4.1 Accessing the Sample Space

Before starting the cryostat, check the sample space. Depending on the configuration, there may be

foam inserts to remove before cooling the system down for the first time. Check the Manual Addendum

for instructions specific to your configuration.

NOTICE

Keep sample chamber and surfaces clean

• Always wear sterile gloves when working in the sample chamber to avoid getting oils on the

surfaces.

• Take care not to touch the optical windows on the lid, window assembly, or the internal radiation

shield. Window covers are provided to keep the windows clean.

• Be sure to keep the O-ring seals clean and free from debris. Do NOT set the housing down on an

O-ring seal unless there are protruding bosses to keep it from touching the surface.

• When working inside the sample chamber, use extreme caution not to drop screws down into the

chamber assembly.

Start with the system at room temperature and the chamber vented to atmospheric conditions.

1. Carefully lift the top lid from the sample chamber and place it on the table with the protruding

bosses down. The lid may sit on the bosses without compromising the clean surface inside the

lid.

2. Using two hands, carefully lift the window assembly from the sample chamber. Place the window

assembly on the table so that it rests on a flattened corner (not on a window). This will keep the

interior surfaces and windows clean and free from scratches. The s100 and s200 models include

bosses on the window housing assembly so that it may be place on the table with the

protruding bosses down.

Step 1: Lifting off the lid with

protruding bosses on underside

Step 2: Lifting off the window

assembly

Sample housing lid (left) and window

housing assembly (right)

3. Lift the cap from the radiation shield to remove it. Some models have M3 screws securing the

radiation shield lid which must be removed first.

4. Unfasten the M3 socket head screws on each side of the radiation shield. Depending on the

model, there may be 4-8 screws. Lift up and over any sample mount structures to remove.


37

Step 4: Removing screws Step 4: Lifting off radiation shield assembly

NOTICE

Take care when reassembling the sample chamber

• Before replacing the vacuum housing & lid, carefully check O-rings for any loose fibers or debris

(this could affect vacuum performance).

• Take care not to overtighten screws when replacing the radiation shield. If a torque wrench is

accessible, set the tension to 5 in-lbs.

System User Manual

38

4.2 Sample Mounting

Most systems ship with a user-specified sample mount, depending on the option(s) purchased. Refer to

your system’s Manual Addendum for specific instructions regarding your sample mount.

Following the instructions in your Manual Addendum, carefully remove the sample mount from the

platform.

1. Remove the previous sample from the face of the mount. Clean off residual grease with a

Kimwipe or lens tissue (use a small amount of isopropanol or acetone if needed)

2. Apply a thin layer of new N-grease to the sample mount surface. Use a cotton swab to spread

the grease out evenly.

NOTICE

Do not use N-grease for temperatures above 300 K

Apiezon® N-grease softens at 305 K. If the user plans to operate above 300 K, it is recommended to

use an alternative sample mounting material to ensure a vertically mounted sample does not slide off

the sample mount.

» NOTE

Depending on the sample, VGE, silver paint/paste, or copper SEM tape can be used in place of N-

grease.

3. Using tweezers, set your sample on top of the grease layer and press down gently to ensure a

good thermal connection.

Sample mount with sample.

*User sample mount may differ.

Step 1: Clean surface & apply

grease

Step 3: Attaching new sample

» NOTE

To check if the sample is secure, hold sample mount horizontally so the sample faces down and

forcibly tap the mount with a finger.


39

4.3 Mounting a Thermometer

Many users choose to remove the sample thermometer and mount it elsewhere in the system or install

a user thermometer. To do this:

NOTICE

Cernox® thermometer wires are extremely fragile.

Handle wires with care to avoid breaking.

1. Remove any VGE (the adhesive lagging the thermometer wire) with isopropyl alcohol or

acetone. Clean off any residual VGE.

2. Clean off the area where the thermometer will be mounted with isopropyl alcohol or acetone.

3. Attach the thermometer, ensuring the bottom is in even, flat contact with the mounting surface.

a. With Clamp: Apply a thin layer of N-grease to the bottom of the thermometer. Clamp it

down securely, ensuring no part of the thermometer “springs up” from the surface.

b. Without Clamp: Apply a small amount of VGE (thinned with acetone or isopropyl

alcohol) to the bottom of the thermometer, wait 10 seconds, then place on the mounting

surface. Use a small weight to apply pressure and hold the sensor in place while it cures

(24 hours under ambient conditions or 30 minutes under 60 °C heat).

c. With Plug: Some sample mounts have a hole location for thermometers; in these cases,

the sensor will come pre-mounted to a thermometer holder. Apply a thin layer of N-

grease around the holder and slide into the hole. To remove, use an Allen key to press

out of the hole from the opposite side.

Step 3a: Thermometer clamped to

mounting surface

Step 3a: Thermometer clamped to

mounting surface

Step 3c: Thermometer installed in plug

Wire lagged with VGE (clamp style) Wire lagged with VGE (plug style) Wire tied in place with floss (plug style)

4. Tie the thermometer wire in place using unwaxed floss, nylon string, or Kapton® tape (optional).

Apply VGE to approximately the first 0.5 inches (1 cm) of wire and press to a metal surface to

properly lag the wire. Do not encase the wire in VGE.

System User Manual

40

» NOTE

• Be sure the thermometer and wire are completely dry before pulling vacuum or cooling down the

system. The wire should not touch the radiation shield or sample mount.

• The sample temperature may read up to 0.2 K higher than the platform.


41

4.4 Windows

4.4.1 Window Covers

The sample chamber has five (s50 and s100) or eight (s200) optical access locations. The system ships

with window covers in place. The window covers are removed by turning counter-clockwise until the

notches are aligned with the openings in the window retaining ring. To replace the covers, re-align the

notches and turn clockwise until the cover locks in place.

» NOTE

If the system is running, use care when removing the window covers, as this may loosen the retaining

ring holding the window in place.

4.4.2 Window Replacement

Vacuum Windows

For replacing outer (warm) vacuum windows, a special window tool is provided in the accessory kit:

1. Align the tabs on the window tool with the corresponding notches in the Delrin retaining ring

holding the window in place.

2. Use the window tool to loosen the retaining ring by turning counter-clockwise.

3. Remove the retaining ring to access the window.

4. Prior to reinstalling the window, check the O-ring to ensure it is clean and free of debris and has

a very thin layer of L-grease (just enough so the surface is shiny).

5. Reinstall the window by carefully setting it centered on the O-ring, ensuring the O-ring is fully

covered by the window. Avoid having to re-position the window, as this may spread L-grease

onto the clear aperature.

NOTICE

Take care when handling and removing windows

• Handle the radiation shield and windows carefully in order to prevent scratches or fingerprints.

• Before using the window tool, remove the housing from the system.

• Take care not to use too much force on the window tool as this could cause it to slip and damage

the window.

Removing window covers Step 1-2: Using window

tool to unscrew retaining

ring

Step 3: Removing retaining

ring

Window centered on O-ring

System User Manual

42

Radiation Shield Windows

The inner (cold) windows on the radiation shield are held in place with a tension ring.

1. Depending on the model, the radiation window holders are removed by unscrewing the

threaded tension ring or removing the four M2 screws surrounding the window.

2. Remove the window from the tension ring by pressing it out of the spring fingers. Some force

may be required.

3. Prior to reinstalling the window, add a very thin layer of N-grease to the edge of the spring

fingers. This layer should be thin enough so none of the grease spreads onto the optic when re-

assembled.

4. Reinstall the window by press fitting the tension ring onto the window. Ensure the spring fingers

hold the window tightly and evenly.

5. For threaded tension rings, add a small amount of N-grease to the threads before screwing back

in place.

Step 1: Unscrewing threaded

tension ring

Pressing window out of

tension ring

Pressing tension ring onto

window

» NOTE

• The threaded holders can be adjusted to allow the sample to be positioned closer to external

optics. Always ensure and no portion of the radiation shield touches the outer housing and that

the radiation and vacuum windows do not collide with one another.

• If a radiation window is removed, the added heat load can be as much as 50 – 100 mW per

window. Depending upon the emissivity and thermal conductivity of the sample, local heating of

the sample from this excessive radiation can cause the sample to be several degrees warmer than

the cold platform it is mounted to.


43

4.5 Sample Chamber Wiring

4.5.1 Types of Wiring

Various applications require different types of wiring. Always select the optimal wire for the application

with the appropriate diameter (between 32-40 gauge). Longer wires are ideal -- the length of wiring

between stages should be at least 2 in (5 cm).

• 40 AWG Manganin wire: very low thermal conductivity and good for low power signal

transmission

o Recommended use: Wiring the platform heater or for user heaters

o Raises temperature ~0.5 mK per wire

• 32 AWG Phosphor Bronze wire: low thermal conductivity and good for moderate power

transmission

o Recommended use: Building additional wiring harnesses

o Raises temperature ~5.0 mK per wire

• Copper wire: high thermal conductivity and good for high power transmission

o Recommended use: Wiring harness for high power transmission when high base

temperatures are acceptable

o Raises temperature ~300 mK per wire

» NOTE

See the Cryogenic Wiring Guide for more information: www.montanainstruments.com/help/Wiring-

Guide/

4.5.2 Thermal Lagging Techniques

To minimize the effects of wiring heat loads on the base temperature, all incoming wiring (including

coax cables) must be properly thermally lagged to Stage 1 of the cryocooler.

Select cryostat models (s100 & s200) provide “pre-lagged” connections for some user inputs and wiring.

These wires, which plug directly into the 4 K circuit board “wedge” inside the sample space, do not need

additional thermal lagging.

Wiring where pre-lagged connections are not available must route under the thermal clamp locations:

1. Unscrew the two M2.5 screws on the top of the thermal clamp. Remove the top cover.

2. Wrap a small piece of Kapton® tape around the wires to help prevent electrical shorts.

3. Place the wires on the felt pad. Wires should not cross or touch one another under the clamp.

4. Replace the top cover of the clamp and replace the two screws. Do NOT overtighten.

5. Check to ensure wires do not touch the inside of the radiation shield.

» NOTE

Ensure there are a few inches of wire before and after the thermal clamp. A 10-inch (25 cm) wire

should be thermally lagged such that 5 inches (12.5 cm) is outside of the thermal clamp and the

remaining 5 inches (12.5 cm) is inside of the 4K sample space.

http://www.montanainstruments.com/help/Wiring-Guide/

http://www.montanainstruments.com/help/Wiring-Guide/

System User Manual

44

4.5.3 User Wiring Interfaces

The cryostat provides integrated connectors for user DC feedthroughs and user thermometers and

heaters.

NOTICE

Do NOT remove sample chamber circuit boards

• The standard 4 K circuit board “wedge” (contains USER, SAMPLE THERM, etc.) available on some

models (s100 & s200) should not be removed, as it can lead to the disconnecting of the platform

thermostat and heater. If this wedge needs to be removed for any reason, please contact an

authorized service representative for detailed instructions.

• The black printed circuit board on the s50 model should not be removed. The black Delrin screws

holding it in place should remain loose. Overtightening can cause the board to flex and make it

difficult to obtain a proper vacuum seal.

• The Operational wiring and cables must remain connected for the system to be operational. Do

NOT modify these connections.

User DC Connections

User DC connections allow users to route wiring to header pins on the sample chamber circuit board.

These available connections can be used to interface with external connections and devices. The

accessory kit comes with pin connectors for interfacing user inputs to the external connectors.

User Temperature Channels

User thermometer and heater connections allow users to add additional thermometers and heaters at

header pin locations on the sample chamber circuit board. The system control unit provides open

temperature channels (User 1 & 2) for manually controlling additional thermometers and heaters via

the UI.

» NOTE

The provided sample thermometer is symmetric, so it can be connected to Pin 1 in either orientation.

4.5.4 Wiring Schematics

The wiring schematics for each model are outlined on the following pages.


45

Cryostation s50

All Cryostation s50 wiring must be routed from the sample chamber circuit board under the thermal

clamps into the cold space.

External

DC Connectors

Internal

Sample Chamber

PCB @ 30 K

User Temperature Channels User DC Connections

User Interface Internal Connections

Temperature Channel PCB Pins

USER 1

Thermo-

meter

SAMPLE

THERM

J11, PIN 1

J11, PIN 2

J11, PIN 3

J11, PIN 4

Heater USER

J10, PIN 1

J10, PIN 2

J10, PIN 3

J10, PIN 4

USER 2

-or-

CRYO- OPTIC

(if available)

Heater USER

HEATER

J13, PIN 1

J13, PIN 2

J13, PIN 3

J13, PIN 4

Thermo-

meter

USER

THERM

J12, PIN 1

J12, PIN 2

J12, PIN 3

J12, PIN 4

PCB External PCB External

X2, PIN 1 X1, PIN 1 Z2, PIN 1 Z1, PIN 1





Y2, PIN 1 Y1, PIN 1 T2, PIN 1 T1, PIN 1





System User Manual

46

Cryostation s100

Cryostation s100 user wiring to the 4 K circuit board show below is “pre-lagged” and does not need to

be routed under the thermal clamps. Other inputs will require proper thermal lagging.

Internal

Sample Chamber

PCB @ 4 K

External

DC Connector

‘USER’ Side Panel




USER 1

Thermo-

meter

SAMPLE

THERM

PIN 1

PIN 2

PIN 3

PIN 4

Heater USER PIN 3

PIN 4

USER 2

-or-

CRYO- OPTIC

(if available)

Heater USER PIN 1

PIN 2

Thermo-

meter

USER

THERM

PIN 1

PIN 2

PIN 3

PIN 4

PCB Side

Panel

PCB Side

Panel

DC1, PIN 1 PIN 1 DC4, PIN 1 PIN 16










DC3, PIN 1 PIN 11 empty PIN 26

DC3, PIN 2 PIN 12

DC3, PIN 3 PIN 13

DC3, PIN 4 PIN 14

DC3, PIN 5 PIN 15


47

Cryostation s200

Cryostation s200 user wiring to the 4 K circuit board shown below is “pre-lagged” and does not need to

be routed under the thermal clamps. Other inputs will require proper thermal lagging.

Internal

Sample Chamber

PCB @ 4 K

External

DC Connector

‘USER’ Side Panel




USER 1

Thermo-

meter

SAMPLE

THERM

PIN 1

PIN 2

PIN 3

PIN 4

Heater USER

PIN 1

PIN 2

PIN 3

PIN 4

USER 2

-or-

CRYO- OPTIC

(if available)

Heater USER

HTR

PIN 1

PIN 2

PIN 3

PIN 4

Thermo-

meter

USER

THERM

PIN 1

PIN 2

PIN 3

PIN 4

PCB Side

Panel

PCB Side

Panel











DC3, PIN 1 PIN 19 empty PIN 14

DC3, PIN 2 PIN 7

DC3, PIN 3 PIN 20

DC3, PIN 4 PIN 8

DC3, PIN 5 PIN 21

System User Manual

48

Section 5 - System Usage & Operation

5.1 System Control Options

5.1.1 User Interface

The touchscreen display provides the primary user interface control of the system.

General Navigation

The example screen above shows the general layout, navigation, and controls for the UI. Not all controls

and views will be available for all instruments.

1. Instrument Selection: Choose which instrument to control. Each available instrument

connected to the system control unit will show up here.

2. Display Screens: Choose which screen view to display. Alternate screens (when available) may

show different readouts or have different control settings.

3. Screen Lock: Lock the touchscreen.

4. Menu: View or customize instrument and system settings. Other sub-menu features include:

a. Remote Connections: VNC and scripting parameters.

b. Data: Download system data onto a connected USB Flash Drive.

c. Event Log: Historical log of system level events for reference or diagnostics.


49

d. Maintenance: Displays any recommended maintenance procedures.

e. Tech Support: Settings for assisting technical support personnel.

5. All Channels View: Displays live status readouts of all attached channels for a given instrument.

Press a channel to bring up its operation controls and settings. Channel names can be

customized in the MENU.

6. Selected Channel Operation View: Displays the live status readouts and associated controls for

the selected channel.

a. Command Buttons: Buttons with action statements tell the system to do something.

b. Control Button: Circular buttons with icons provide operational control.

c. Input Settings: Buttons with numerical values and units show the current input settings

for a given command. To set new values, use the adjustable controls (if available) or

press the display box to open an input popup dialog.

» NOTE

• Press and hold a command or input settings button to show on-screen help for that operation.

Drag off the button before releasing to avoid executing the operation.

• The control buttons do not have on-screen help. Pressing and holding will execute the associated

operation.

Application UI: Cryostation s-series

Channel Types

• Temperature Channel: Displays live readouts of thermometers (temperature, temperature

stability) and heaters (applied power) in the system.

o Platform: The primary channel used to control the system. These commands will drive

control operations across the cryostat, compressor, and vacuum control unit.

o User 1/2: User temperature channels can manually control a user thermometer and

heater pair with the system control unit, such as a thermometer mounted near the

sample or an ATSM (thermometer + heater).

» NOTE

• User temperature channels operate as a thermometer/heater pair. Thermometers can be used

without heaters, but heaters require a functional thermometer.

• If a user temperature channel is not being used, it is recommended to turn it off to reduce noise

on other temperature channels.

• Navigate to MENU > INSTRUMENT SETTINGS > USER “X”. Toggle the Temperature Channel

Enabled switch to the left to disable.

Display Screens

• Sample Chamber: Displays temperature channel controls and readouts. This screen is used to

run most primary system operations.

• Graphs: Displays real-time system data in graphical form.

• Overview: Displays system status readouts for all connected sub-systems. Press any value to

pull up detailed information and additional control settings (if available) for that parameter.

System User Manual

50

o Vacuum System: status of pumps | valves | N2 input | pressure gauges

o Cooler: status of the cryocooler/compressor | Stage 1 and Stage 2 temperature channels

o Sample Chamber: status of all sample chamber temperature channels

5.1.2 Remote Graphical Display

The user interface can alternatively be viewed or controlled via an external PC using Virtual Network

Computing (VNC) technology. When Remote Graphical Display is enabled, the VNC connection will

mirror the UI control screen.

To enable Remote Graphical Display (system control unit must be connected to a local network):

1. On the touchscreen UI, navigate to MENU > REMOTE CONNECTIONS

2. Toggle the Remote Graphical Display switch to ENABLED

3. Follow the onscreen directions for connecting to the IP address using a VNC viewer software

5.1.3 Scripting

The instrument can alternatively be controlled via external scripting commands.

To use external scripting with the instrument (system control unit must be connected to a local

network):

1. On the touchscreen UI, navigate to MENU > REMOTE CONNECTIONS

2. Toggle the Instrument Scripting switch for the desired instrument to ENABLED

3. Follow the onscreen directions for opening the on-board scripting documentation, then use the

available instructions for scripting with the instrument.


51

5.2 Primary Operations

5.2.1 Turning on the System

Before starting the power up procedure, ensure that the power switches on the back of the system

control unit and compressor are toggled to OFF ( o ).

1. If a dry nitrogen source is connected to the system, verify the pressure is set to ~15 psi.

2. Turn on power to the compressor by toggling the power switch on the back of the unit ON ( | ).

3. Next, toggle the ENABLE switch on the front panel of the compressor to ON ( | ).

Wait approximately 20 seconds. The display on the front panel of the compressor indicates initiating

and self-test countdown

The compressor display shows:

Off Remote Ctrl

Normal Power

4. Turn on power to the vacuum control unit by toggling the power switch on the back of the unit

ON ( | ).

5. Turn on power to the system control unit by toggling the power switch on the back of the unit

ON ( | ).

6. Next, turn on the system control unit by pressing the power button on the front of the unit. This

power button will glow when the unit is on.

The software will initialize and run automatically. The UI will indicate the software is INITIALIZING

while the system checks for and establishes connection with the attached peripheral cards. After the

screen shows READY the system is ready for operation.

5.2.2 Controlling System Temperature

The PLATFORM temperature channel is used to drive control operations across the cryostat, compressor,

and vacuum control unit.

Cooling Down the System

1. In the UI for the CRYOSTATION instrument, navigate to the SAMPLE CHAMBER display screen and

select the PLATFORM temperature channel to bring up its operation controls.

2. In the PLATFORM TARGET input box, enter the target temperature value. To reach the lowest

possible base temperature, enter 0.0 K. Press SET to confirm.

3. Press the COOLDOWN command button. On the popup, confirm or adjust the custom parameters

for the cooldown, then press COOLDOWN again to start.

The cooldown cycle will begin.

System User Manual

52

» NOTE

• The Stage 1 and Stage 2 temperatures will drop quicker than the platform. The platform will drop

faster after Stage 1 reaches 30 K.

• When the platform has reached a stable temperature, the ring surrounding the platform status

readouts will change from flashing to solid.

Vacuum States During a Cooldown

• When a cooldown is initiated, the system will first establish a rough vacuum.

o During this process the system will automatically check for leaks. If vacuum cannot be

established, an error message will show in the UI and the cooldown process will be

aborted. See System Diagnostics on page 59 for troubleshooting information.

• Once the system reaches a rough vacuum state (2 Torr), the compressor will turn on.

• The pressure will continue to drop to a high vacuum state leveraging cryopumping.

» NOTE

• To achieve the best vacuum levels, set the cooldown target temperature to the system base

temperature and allow the system to stabilize there before controlling to higher temperatures.

This temperature set point is necessary to take full advantage of cryopumping.

• The VC1110 pressure gauge can only readout to ~0.1 mTorr. If pressure is below this value, the UI

readout will indicate HIGH VAC.

Variable Speed Operating Parameters

The control electronics constantly monitor the helium gas pressures and will automatically adjust the

operating parameters of the cryocooler/compressor for each target platform temperature.

• The startup speed of 14 Hz compressor / 70 Hz cryocooler is only used as the compressor is

starting up.

• High power mode is used during cooldown to facilitate faster cooling.

• Normal and low power modes optimize input power and help to extend the service life of the

cryocooler.

Power Mode High Normal Low

Compressor Speed 25 Hz 22 Hz 14 Hz

Cryocooler Speed 70 Hz 50 Hz 40 Hz

Operation Conditions PLATFORM TEMP >

PLATFORM TARGET PLATFORM TEMP ≤ PLATFORM TARGET

Target Platform Temperature < 350 K < 20 K ≥ 20 K

Adjusting Platform Temperature

The platform temperature may be changed at any time by setting a new value using the PLATFORM

TARGET input box. If the user is setting incremental temperature set points, the COOLDOWN and WARMUP

buttons do not need to be pushed.


53

Warming Up the System

A warmup operation is used to bring the system to room temperature to access the sample chamber.

The system may be warmed up actively with heaters at any time, including during a cooldown.

1. In the UI, navigate to the SAMPLE CHAMBER display screen and select the PLATFORM temperature

channel to bring up its operation controls.

2. Press the WARMUP command button. On the popup, press WARMUP again to confirm.

An active warmup is much faster than using the STOP command. The heaters will automatically shut off

when the entire system reaches 295 K, but the sample chamber will remain under vacuum.

Stopping a Cooldown or Warmup

At any time during a cooldown or warmup, the process can be stopped.



2. Press the STOP command button. On the popup, press STOP again to confirm.

This action will stop running the compressor/cryocooler and turn off any heater power going to the

cryocooler stages and sample chamber platform. The system will begin to warm up naturally, but it will

remain under vacuum.

5.2.3 Venting and Pulling Vacuum

Vent to Access the Sample Chamber

After a cooldown and warmup cycle, the system remains under vacuum until the user is ready to access

the sample chamber. To access the chamber:



2. Press the VENT command button. On the popup, confirm or adjust the custom parameters for

the vent procedure, then press VENT again to confirm.

The sample chamber will be vented to atmospheric conditions.

» NOTE

Choosing to “Vent Continuously” will cause nitrogen (when attached) to flow through the chamber,

even after the chamber is opened. This can help to keep the vacuum space as clean as possible

during quick sample exchanges. To stop the flow of nitrogen when “Vent Continuously” is used, press

the STOP command.

Keep the Sample Chamber Under Vacuum

When the system is not in use, it is recommended to keep the sample chamber under vacuum to

prevent moisture and contaminants from entering the sample space. To keep the system under vacuum:

System User Manual

54



2. Press the PULL VACUUM command button. On the popup, confirm or adjust the custom vacuum

parameters, then press PULL VACUUM again to start.

The sample chamber will pull vacuum until the target vacuum pressure threshold is met.

» NOTE

Since this is an independent operation without cryopumping, the system will likely only be able to

achieve a rough vacuum state. To stop the vacuum pump(s), press the STOP command. The sample

chamber will remain at the current vacuum level until a COOLDOWN or VENT procedure is initiated.


55

Section 6 - Care & Maintenance

6.1 System Care

Recommend system care procedures should be followed by any users of the system. For further

information on any of these procedures, contact an authorized service representative for assistance.

6.1.1 When Working in the Sample Chamber

• Keep surfaces clean. Avoid touching any surfaces inside the sample space with your fingers as

oils or other foreign contaminates can easily be transferred to the surfaces, the sample, or

optics. Always wear sterile gloves.

• Use proper grease and adhesives in the sample chamber. The accessory kit includes Apiezon®

L-grease, N-grease, and the adhesive GE Varnish (VGE).

• Avoid using too much grease – a thin layer (just enough so the surface is shiny) is best for

metal-to-metal surfaces, samples, and O-rings. Too much grease can outgas and contaminate

other surfaces in the sample chamber.

• Inspect, wipe, and grease O-rings. Make sure that the O-rings are clean with a thin layer of L-

grease. The exposed surface should be wiped with a dry Kimwipe or lens tissue and re-greased

every 10-15 uses.

• Check to ensure wires are preserved. Make sure wires do not overlap under thermal clamps and

ensure the clamps are not too tight. Make sure wires do not touch the radiation shield or

contact the sample mount directly after the thermal clamp.

6.1.2 When You Will Not Be Using Your Cryostat

• Keep the lid on the sample chamber to keep it free from dust.

• Supply a slight amount of nitrogen to keep the system clean and dry.

o Use the VENT command with “Vent Continuously” enabled to keep nitrogen flowing

through the chamber at atmospheric conditions.

• Keep the sample chamber under vacuum. Use the PULL VACUUM command button to pull and

keep the chamber under a medium vacuum state.

6.1.3 Standard Checks Before Every Cooldown

• Ensure radiation shield is bolted down and secured. Make sure all radiation shield windows are

in place.

• Ensure the sample is mounted properly.

• Check that the software starts up and reads all thermometers. The temperature channel values

should be slightly fluctuating, indicating the thermometer readings are active.

• Check helium pressure to ensure values are >1.55 MPa for both supply and return. See Helium

Check on page 66 for details.

System User Manual

56

6.1.4 Periodic Checks Every 6-12 Months

• Inspect VGE joints and repair if needed. VGE can flake off after several thermal cycles.

1. Clean off old VGE with acetone or isopropyl alcohol then add a thin layer of VGE in the

same location.

• Replace extra VGE yearly. VGE has a limited shelf life of one year.

• Check cryocooler/compressor hours to see if maintenance is needed.

1. In the UI, navigate to the OVERVIEW display screen, then press the CRYOCOOLER reading

to show compressor details.

▪ Or, on the front panel of the compressor, toggle the DISPLAY button until it

shows compressor hours.

2. If the system is nearing 20,000 hours, contact an authorized service representative to

discuss maintenance options. See 20,000 Hour Maintenance on page 57 for details.

» NOTE

O-rings rarely need to be replaced unless they are nicked or damaged. If damaged, use Teflon-tipped

tweezers or your fingers to remove the O-ring. Do NOT use metal-tipped tweezers or other sharp

objects as this could damage the aluminum housing.


57

6.2 Long-Term Maintenance

6.2.1 20,000 Hour Maintenance

The maintenance procedures below must be completed by a certified technician. This can be done

onsite without removing the equipment or disturbing the optical setup. Contact an authorized service

representative to schedule maintenance.

Cryocooler

The GM cryocooler normally needs maintenance every 10,000 hours of operation. After extended use,

some of the bearings and bushings will wear down. Due to the variable speed compressor, which runs

at lower speeds under certain conditions, this maintenance interval is typically extended to 20,000

hours.

Other indicators of needing cryocooler maintenance include:

• System begins to have trouble cooling. The achievable base temperature drastically degrades.

• System begins to make a cogging or grinding noise in the cryocooler that persists continually.

» NOTE

Periodic chirping as the cryocooler runs is normal as the bearings wear in.

Compressor Filter and Adsorber

The helium gas used in the compressor passes through two filters and is cleaned before exiting. The

first of these, the coalescing filter, uses fiber glass filter elements which coalesces any oil mist that is

present. The oil is collected and periodically drained to the compressor capsule. The second filter is a

charcoal adsorber. All the oil removed by the adsorber remains within it. As a result, the filter and

adsorber must be replaced after extended operation. This maintenance procedure is completed at the

same time as cryocooler 20,000 hour maintenance.

System User Manual

58

Section 7 - Diagnostics & Troubleshooting

This section contains information for basic system diagnostics and troubleshooting advice. Diagnostics

or repairs outside of the scope of this section should be completed by an authorized service

representative.

7.1 Expected System Performance

Each system ships with a unique Certificate of Performance to demonstrate the factory performance of

that particular platform. The base temperature, stability, and vibrations tests are typically conducted on

the standard platform with the cryostat mounted to the optical table (without any options installed).

The vibrations are measured in this configuration with a capacitive sensor that is also bolted to the

table. The capacitive sensor measures the peak-to-peak vibrations in nanometers to a test fixture bolted

to the sample platform.

If custom options are integrated into the base system, then the base temperature of the sample will

also be recorded. Any other requested measurements can be found in the custom option tests section

of the Certificate of Performance.

The system should achieve the base temperatures and stability listed on the Certificate of Performance

on the first cooldown. Please contact an authorized service representative if the specifications are not

met.


59

7.2 System Diagnostics

7.2.1 Performance Issues

If a degradation in performance or other failures are experienced, check for these common issues:

Problem/Symptom Possible Cause Solution/Suggestion

System is unable to reach target

temperature or cooldown takes

longer than expected

See Temperature Optimization on page 63

System does not meet vibration

specifications on sample stage

See Vibration Mitigation on page 65

System will not pull rough

vacuum – leak check failed

Vacuum leak See Vacuum Check on page 65

System condensing moisture on

sample, windows, exterior of

sample chamber or vacuum case

(black cylinder surrounding

cryocooler). Exterior surfaces are

cold to the touch.

Radiation (inner) and

vacuum (outer)

window are touching

Adjust windows so they do not touch. For

low working distance setups, the windows

may touch under vacuum, so be sure to

check again after pulling vacuum.

Thermometer not working Not properly installed

or activated.

Make sure the temperature channel is

enabled. Navigate to MENU >

INSTRUMENT SETTINGS > USER X.

Toggle the Temperature Channel Enabled

switch to the right to enable.

Heater not working Not properly installed

or activated.

7.2.2 Power and Communication Issues

If the system will not turn on, run commands, or display readouts, check for these common issues:


System throws electrical

breaker

Wall power issue 1. Check the wall voltage using an AC

voltmeter (digital multi-meter on the AC

setting) to ensure it is in the defined

ranges for each piece of equipment.

UI screen is black / does

not turn on

Communication issue with

system control unit

1. Make sure all cables and power cords are

connected properly. See Connecting

System Cables and Power on page 32 for

details.

2. Ensure the power switch on the back of

the system control unit is ON ( | ).

3. Ensure the power button on the front

panel is ON (glowing).

System User Manual

60

4. Power cycle the system control unit.

Toggle the power switch on the back of

the unit OFF ( o ) then back ON ( | ).

5. Press the RESET button on the back of the

UI touchscreen display.

UI controls are frozen or

non-responsive

Touchscreen display issue 1. Press the RESET button on the back of

the UI touchscreen display.

System does not initialize Communication issue with

compressor




details.


the compressor is ON ( | ).

3. Ensure the ENABLE switch on the front

panel is ON ( | ).

4. Power cycle the compressor. Toggle the

power switch on the back of the unit OFF

( o ) then back ON ( | ).

Communication issue with

vacuum control unit




details.


the vacuum control unit is ON ( | ).

3. Power cycle the vacuum control unit.

Toggle the power switch on the back of

the unit OFF ( o ) then back ON ( | ).

Vacuum pressure reading

in UI indicates “SensorErr”

7.2.3 Compressor Issues & Fault Messages

The compressor has built-in mechanisms to check for issues. If the compressor alarm sounds or reads a

fault message, check for these common issues:

For each of the errors below, the compressor may need to be restarted. To cycle the power:

1. Toggle the power switch on the back of the unit OFF ( o ) then back ON ( | ).

2. Ensure the ENABLE switch on the front panel is ON ( | ).

3. Ensure the helium pressure stabilizes in an acceptable range before proceeding (See Helium

Check on page 66).


61


UI indicates “Cryocooler

Disconnected”

Power dropped out with compressor or

communication lost

Check cable and power

connections. See Power and

Communication Issues on page

59.

Check the EVENT LOG in the UI

MENU for any fault messages.

Compressor display screen

blank

Display screen failure Contact Service

System Halted | Pressure

Imbalance

Helium hose not completely connected Check the hoses for leaks. See

Helium Hose Fittings on page

66.

Return Pressure Too Low Occurs when the return pressure is

below its minimum value of 0.35MPa.

The likely cause for this is the cryocooler

stopped running or the return line is

detached.

Check the connection on the

return line and ensure the

cryocooler is running

Supply Pressure Too High Occurs when the supply pressure

exceeds 2.75MPa. It is caused by similar

conditions as the Return Pressure Too

Low fault – the cryocooler stopped

running or, in this case, the supply line

is detached. In general, the Return

Pressure Too Low fault will occur before

this fault.

Check the connection on the

supply line and ensure the

cryocooler is running.

Delta Pressure Too Low Occurs when the difference between the

supply and return line pressures falls

below 0.3MPa. A problem occurred in

the cryocooler causing the supply and

return lines to approach a common

value.

Check that the supply and

return lines are attached

correctly and not switched. If

the compressor was running

and stopped it will need time

to rebalance the pressures.

Capsule Over

Temperature

Occurs when the capsule temperature

exceeds 85⁰C. This could indicate

improper oil flow or helium flow. It

could also be caused by vents on the

compressor being blocked.

Check that air flow through

the compressor is not being

inhibited by any external

object.

Helium Over Temperature Occurs when the Cool Helium

temperature exceeds 50⁰C. Like the

capsule over temperature fault, this is

likely due to insufficient air flow through

the cooling system.

Check that the compressor

vents are clear of debris or

impedances and that the fan

is running.

Exhaust Over Temperature Occurs when the exhaust temperature

of the cooling system exceeds 55⁰C.

Check that the compressor

vents are clear of debris or

System User Manual

62

This is most likely due to a problem with

flow of air through the cooling system.

impedances and that the fan

is running.

Low Oil Flow Occurs when the oil flow ratio falls

below 0.4. This alarm indicates that the

flow of oil through the oil cooling coil is

insufficient. Since the oil flow depends

on the differential pressure of the

system, this alarm is commonly caused

by a low differential pressure. The

differential pressure across the

cryocooler depends on both the speed

of the cryocooler motor and the

compressor speed. A very high

cryocooler speed could cause a drop in

the differential pressure as could a very

slow Compressor speed. However, this

scenario is highly unlikely.

Check that the supply and

return lines are properly

attached, and there is nothing

that is causing a bypass of the

cryocooler.

Oil Sensor Failure Occurs when there is a problem in the

oil sensor electronics. This is usually due

to the oil sensor line being unplugged.

This alarm could also be caused by a

short somewhere in the sensor. If this is

the case, contact Service.

Check that the oil sensor is

attached to the board.

Oil Return Failure Occurs when the oil level falls below

30% in 30 seconds. This is indicative of a

problem in the oil return line or in the

oil level sensor itself.

Give the system a chance to

settle and try again. If the

problem continues, contact

Service.

Adsorber Full Indicates the adsorber needs to be

replaced (occurs after ~30,000 hours of

operation). Prior to this fault occurring,

there will be several warnings to

indicate a replacement may be needed

soon.

Contact Service to schedule

this replacement.

High Oil Level If the oil return system is failing and the

oil level continues to increase, this fault

will occur when the oil level fills the

pump.

Cycle the compressor power

and restart the system.

Contact Service if the alarm

continues.


63

7.3 System Checks

For the system to achieve optimal performance, several aspects of the system must be handled

carefully. Neglecting any one of these may have a significant impact on the base temperature or

vibration performance. There are several basic checks users can do to help diagnose general problems.

7.3.1 Temperature Optimization

The cryostat platforms are optimized to control heat loads coming into the sample. To ensure the

lowest possible base temperatures, follow the best practices below.

1. Use proper thermal lagging techniques for any wiring (including coax) entering the sample

space. Ensure thermal clamps are tightened down. See Thermal Lagging Techniques on page 43

for details.

2. Avoid “touches” between the various stages (such as a platform component touching a Stage 2

component, or a Stage 2 component touching a Stage 1 component), as these become sources

of heat flow.

a. Ensure wiring or cabling does not come in contact with the inside of the radiation shield.

b. Ensure the radiation shield or radiation windows do not come in contact with any part of

the outer vacuum housing or windows. For low working distance setups, the windows

may touch after the vacuum is pulled.

3. Always use the appropriate wire and size for the application. See Sample Chamber Wiring on

page 43 for details.

a. Avoid using copper wire unless absolutely required. The electrical conductivity of

phosphor bronze is typically sufficient for most applications.

4. Ensure the screws holding the platform to the support base and the screws securing the

radiation shield are in place and tightened (5 in-lbs). Failure to tighten the screws will reduce the

ability of the system to pull heat from the sample platform and may increase vibrations.

5. Ensure a thin layer of N-grease or another thermal grease is used between metal-to-metal

interfaces for proper thermal connection.

6. Use inner “cold” windows or blanks on the radiation shield whenever possible. The added heat

load can significantly increase the base temperature of the platform.

7. Check the helium pressure. If there is a helium leak, cooling performance will be hindered

significantly. See Helium Check on page 66 for details.

8. Ensure the User temperature channel heater is NOT on.

» NOTE

During a cooldown, the system will steadily ramp down in temperature to 4.2 K, then can take longer

to reach and stabilize at the base temperature. Options and energy inputs (i.e. laser power) may

impact cooldown times and cause slightly higher base temperatures.

System User Manual

64

Identifying Heat Loads

The expected temperatures and temperature gradients of the Stage 1, Stage 2, Platform and Sample

under various operating conditions can be used to identify the source of an unwanted heat load. These

temperatures should only be used as a general reference. It is recommended to use actual data from

a previously successful cooldown on your system as a more accurate reference guide.

The base temperature for a standard Cryostation s50 under normal operating conditions is depicted

below. The gradient between the platform and sample will change depending on the type of sample

mount and other options.

Stage 1 Stage 2 Platform Sample

Temperature 27 – 28 K 2.4 – 2.7 K 2.7 – 3.0 K 2.8 – 3.2 K

Temperature Gradient +0.2 – 0.4 K +0.2 – 0.5K

Heat Load Between Stage 1 and Stage 2

In the example below, Stage 2 has a higher than normal temperature, as does the Platform and Sample.

However, Stage 1 is colder than normal. The temperature gradient between Stage 2 and the Platform

and the Platform and the Sample is normal. This indicates that the heat load is coming in between

Stage 1 and Stage 2.


Temperature 26 K 5.0 K 5.3 K 5.7 K

Temperature Gradient +0.3 K +0.4 K

Possible Cause: Crosslink rod touching the side wall. Contact an authorized service representative for

instructions to perform a touch test.

Heat Load Between Platform and Sample

In the example below, the Stage 2, Platform, and Sample temperatures are high. However, the most

critical issue is the large temperature gradient between the Platform and Sample. The heat load is most

likely coming in between the Platform and Sample, and since the Sample is high, the temperatures of

the Platform and Stage 2 are also being pulled up.


Temperature 28 K 3.0 K 3.3 K 5.0 K

Temperature Gradient +0.3 K +1.7 K

Possible Causes: The most likely culprits are those described in the Temperature Optimization section on

page 63, such as wires touching the radiation shield, wires touching the sample mount directly after the

thermal clamp, use of improper wires, loose screws, missing N-grease, or missing radiation windows.

Heat Load Between Stage 2 and Platform

In rare cases, a higher than normal gradient may exist between Stage 2 and the Platform. This is

typically caused by loose screws underneath the platform, which should not be accessed by users. If this

heat load is present, contact an authorized service representative.


65

Heat Load on Sample Thermometer

If the sample is reading higher than normal, but all other temperatures are in a normal range, the most

likely cause is an improperly mounted or lagged sample thermometer. Refer to Mounting a

Thermometer on page 39.

7.3.2 Vibration Mitigation

The cryostat and sample chamber have several vibration damping design features to reduce the effects

of cryocooler mechanical vibrations on the sample platform. To ensure the lowest possible mechanical

vibrations, follow the best practices below.

1. Rigidly bolt the system to the optical table using all available mounting locations in the

baseplate.

2. Ensure all screws inside the sample space are tightened down.

3. Ensure that the red shipping rings and spacers beneath the shipping rings have been removed.

The red shipping supports at the back of the cryostat should be locked in the upper position off

the tri-flange. See Removing the Shipping Supports on page 29 for details. Having any of these

components installed can introduce vibrations on the order of several microns.

4. Ensure the helium hoses are not touching other cabling or the optical table. They should also

not be pressed against a wall or another surface. There should be a gentle 180° bend in the

hoses to avoid any lateral tugging on the cryostat as helium runs through them.

5. Ensure the vacuum hose is not in contact with anything moving, as this hose is somewhat

springy.

6. Vibrational performance will vary depending on the operating speed of the

compressor/cryocooler. Vibrations are minimized when the compressor is running at a speed of

22 Hz/50 Hz, which is used during stable conditions at platform temperatures <20 K. See

Variable Speed Operating Parameters on page 52 for details.

7. Ensure that optics are rigidly mounted to the table. Optics could be vibrating due to the cryostat

on the table and mounting them should be carefully considered to reduce this effect.

7.3.3 Vacuum Check

The UI displays a pressure reading for the attached vacuum gauge sensor. If a system leak check fails, or

if condensation or freezing is observed on or inside the chamber, a leak may be present. Please check

the following:

1. Check to ensure the vacuum gauge properly reads atmosphere (~600-770 Torr) when the

system is at room temperature and vented. If it is not, the gauge may not be working properly.

2. Check that the vacuum housing and lid are in place and properly seated. Ensure no wires are

pinched between the O-rings.

3. Check the O-rings on the 1) the sample chamber vacuum housing 2) the vacuum housing lid

and 3) the vacuum housing outer “warm” windows. Ensure the O-rings have a thin layer of L-

grease and are completely free of debris or fibers.

System User Manual

66

a. All side panels also have an O-ring interface. Do NOT remove the side panels before

consulting with an authorized service representative.

4. For the Cryostation s50 model, ensure the black Delrin screws holding the sample PCB board in

place are loose. If overtightened, these can cause the board to flex and compromise the O-ring

seal.

5. Although nitrogen is optional, it helps keep the charcoal adsorbers clean and the inside of the

cryostat free from moisture. Using nitrogen is particularly important in humid environments.

a. Nitrogen purge cycles, as well as a platform bakeout, will help rid the chamber of

contaminants prior to cooldown.

6. If a leak detector is accessible, use it to leak check the sample housing, cryostat, vacuum hose,

vacuum connections to find the source of the leak.

If the leak persists, please contact an authorized service representative.

There is enough charcoal in the system to freeze particles that may be introduced from a small leak. If

there has been a large leak, or if a small leak persists over a period of time, the charcoal adsorbers will

need to be recharged. To do this, run a COOLDOWN or PULL VACUUM operation with PLATFORM BAKEOUT

(350 K for 60+ mins) and DRY NITROGEN PURGE (3+ times) enabled.

7.3.4 Helium Check

The helium pressure in the system can be checked when the compressor is idle.

1. Warm the system to room temperature and leave unattended for at least one hour. Do not start

a cooldown.

2. Ensure the power on the back of the unit is ON ( | ) and the ENABLE switch on the front panel is

ON ( | ).

3. In the UI, navigate to the OVERVIEW display screen, then press the CRYOCOOLER reading to show

compressor details.

a. Or, on the front panel of the compressor, toggle the DISPLAY button until it shows the

supply and return values.

4. The values should be between 1.55 – 1.80 MPa on both the supply and return. If the supply or

return values are <1.55 MPa, helium will need to be recharged. See Helium Recharge Process on

page 67 for details.

Helium Hose Fittings

Improper attachment or missing O-rings on the helium hose fittings can cause a loss in helium pressure

and hinder cooling performance.

To inspect fittings on the back of the compressor and cryostat:

• Ensure the fittings are straight.

• Ensure there is a single O-ring at each end of the hose and at each connection point. The O-

rings have a tendency to dislodge from the hose and stay on the fitting (or vice versa).


67

o If this happens, the errant O-ring must be carefully removed and replaced in the correct

location before reconnecting, otherwise it will not seat properly.

Hose with extra O-ring Extra O-ring removed Fitting missing O-ring (left) and with proper O-ring

(right)

Helium Recharge Process

If the helium pressure is low, it should be recharged using a 99.999% (UHP) tank of pressurized helium.

The accessory kit comes equipped with vent and recharge valves that can be used to flush the system

and recharge. Contact an authorized service representative for instructions on this procedure.

System User Manual

68

Section 8 - Appendices

8.1 Related Documentation

For a copy of associated documentation, see below:

Document

Number

Document Title Location

DOC102 General Terms and Conditions

of Sale

www.montanainstruments.com/About/Terms

DOC103 Limited Warranty Agreement www.montanainstruments.com/About/Warranty

http://www.montanainstruments.com/About/Terms

http://www.montanainstruments.com/About/Warranty

Documents

System User Manual - Montana Instruments4100-DOC001 System User Manual Cryostation® s-series s50 | s100 | s200 Version: 3.1 March 2020 [email protected] +1.406.551.2796