System of government •King or Queen has complete control over government & its people

AutocracyCentralized GovernmentNation states

•Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right

Authority comes from God Similar to “Mandate of Heaven”

•Monarchs are “Above the Law”•Common features- Strong armies,limited representative bodies, high taxes

Breakdown of Feudalism/ Rise of Nation states

Continuous Warfare

Need for money

Exploration

Declining influence of the church

Regulation of Religion & society

Loss of power by nobility & legislatures

New government Bureaucracies

Huge building projects

1. What were 3 causes of Absolutism?

2. What were all the effects of Absolutism?

The Hapsburg Monarchy1556 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V divides empire

Son Phillip II rules Spain, Netherlands & Italy

3. Watch the video a. Explain how Phillip got his powerb. Why was the Spanish Armada defeatedc. What were some of the economic problems Spain faced?d. What were some political problems?e. What info is there about Phillip?f. How is Phillip remembered?g. Identify and explain the issues Spain had during

Phillip’s reign.

Promoted “Golden age of Spain”•Wealth from colonies helped buildup military•Defender of Catholicism

1588-Spanish Armada defeated by England (Elizabeth I)

1600’s Spain power declines Financial problems

The Bourbon Monarchy•Henry IV increases power of Govt. & decreases power of nobility•Louis the XIII strengthens & builds up military

Cardinal Richelieu subdues nobles & Huguenots

Known as “The Sun King”Ruled for 72 years•Mercantilist policies•Built the strongest army in Europe•Expanded bureaucracy•Never called the Estates General•Persecuted the Huguenots

French Protestants

4. Who was Henry IV and what did he do?

5. Who was Louis XIV and what did he do?

6.Define Huguenots.

•Built Lavish palace @ Versailles“Gilded Cage” for nobility

His successors inherited enormous debts (costly Wars & extravagance)

7. Pretend you are a peasant in France under Louis the XIV reign and you visit the lavish palace of Versailles. Your family has only had bread and broth to eat for a week. Explain in 5-7 sentences how this makes you feel.

1480 Russian rulers drive Mongols out•Early Czars Ivan III & Ivan IV (Terrible) used harsh methods to unify Russia & strengthen Monarchy•1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty

•Grand Embassy tour

Toured Europe learning new technologies

•Westernization/Modernization

•Introduced western ideas

•Laws, technology, culture

•Built largest army in Europe

Won territory along the Baltic Sea

St. Petersburg becomes “Window to the West”

Major trading port & new capital

Centralized power

Reduced power of the nobility

Brought Orthodox Church under his control

8. What did Ivan the Terrible do while in power?

9. What did Peter the Great do to improve lives in Russia?

10. How did Peter the Great westernize Russia?

1215 King John forced to sign Magna Carta

Limited King’s powers1295 Edward I establishes Model Parliament

Lawmaking bodyHouse of Lords & House of Commons

Parliament successfully blocked attempted shifts to absolute ruleThe Tudor Monarchs(1485-1603) generally worked well w/ ParliamentEx. Henry VIII & Elizabeth I

                      

                   

12. What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?

13. What did the Model Parliament do to the Monarchy?

14. How did the Parliament keep the Monarchy in check?

Had absolutist tendencies (Strong belief in Divine Right)James I & son Charles I Consistently clashed with Parliament over finance & foreign policyAngered Puritans

                  

Known as the Puritan Revolution (1643)Charles’s Cavaliers vs. Roundheads led by Oliver CromwellCharles I is overthrown by forces loyal to Parliament

beheaded in 1649

15. How did the Stuarts anger the Puritans?

16. What happened during the English Civil War?

England became a Republic called the CommonwealthAt first Cromwell & Parliament share power •1653 Cromwell assumes Title of Lord Protector & rules as a dictator

Cromwell brutally put down revolts in Ireland & Scotland (Genocide)

17. Who was Cromwell and how was he important to England?

18. What happened to Cromwell after 1653?

•Upon Cromwell’s death, Parliament restores Stuart Monarchy to throne•Charles II & James II became unpopular due to absolutist policies•Parliament fears return of Catholicism(James II) •Parliament overthrows James II & asks William & Mary to assume throne (Glorious Revolution)

1688-William & Mary forced to sign English Bill of Rights.

Guarantees Parliament’s superiority over the Monarchy

England becomes a Limited Monarchy (Remains today)

19. What happened after Cromwell’s death?

20.How does the monarchy change after William and Mary come to power?

Last Question!!!!! Worth 5 points!!!!!

21. Explain how did the English Monarchy change from the Magna Carta to William and Mary’s reign.