System integrityThe term system integrity has the following

meanings:That condition of a system where in its

specified operational and technical parameters are within the prescribed limits.

The quality of an AIS when it performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvertent unauthorized manipulation of the system.

System integrityThe state that exists when there is complete

assurance that under all conditions an IT system is based on the logical correctness and reliability of the operating system, the logical completeness of the hardware and software that implement the protection mechanisms, and data integrity.

Data integrityData integrity is data that have a complete

or whole structure. All characteristics of the data including rules for how pieces of data relate, dates, and definitions must be correct for data to be complete.

Data integrity Data that has integrity is identically

maintained during any operation (such as transfer, storage or retrieval).

Data integrity is the assurance that data is consistent, certified and can be reliable.

How is data integrity obtained?( 1 )Accuracy and consistency of stored data,

indicated by an absence of any alteration in data between two updates of a data

record .Data integrity is imposed within a database at its design stage through the use of standard rules and procedures, and is maintained through the use of error

checking and validation routines .

How is data integrity obtained?(2) Exact duplication of the sent data at the

receiving end, achieved through the use of error checking and correcting protocols.

Integrity Checking Taxonomy

1- Scope of assuranceI. AvoidanceII. DetectionIII. Correction

2- Logical LayerI. HardwareII. File SystemIII. User Level

3-Cheking ModeI. OnlineII. Offline

Scope of assurance AvoidanceRead-only Storage   - Journaling -

Cryptographic File Systems - Transactional File Systems

DetectionChecksumming - Mirroring- Cyclic

Redundancy Check (CRC) - Parity  Correction

Backup