System Designer Course Training Guide 1 Topic 1: features and benefits

System Designer Course Training Guide

The principles of indoor control system design

Version 1.5.2

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Front cover photograph by: Jennifer Waltmon

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Contents

Topic 1: features and benefits ............................................................................................................ 11 Proven success....................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Luxury………….. ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Security… ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Convenience........................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Energy conservation ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Retail and commercial .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Controls activity .................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Topic 2: physical installation ............................................................................................................... 14 How the Philips Dynalite system works .......................................................................................................................... 14 Communication ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Connectivity and cabling ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 The installation process ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 The installation process ……………………………………………………………………………………...16 Wiring diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………….17 Recommended DyNet colour coding for cat5 cable ................................................................................................... 17 Cabling recommendations .................................................................................................................................................. 17 Recommended DyNet data cable types .......................................................................................................................... 17 RJ12 socket connections ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 CAT 5 cable limits ................................................................................................................................................................ 18 S-Flat 6 cable limits ............................................................................................................................................................... 19

Topic 3: the products .......................................................................................................................... 20 Product groups ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Product codes at a glance ................................................................................................................................................... 20 Philips Dynalite product codes .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Controllers and sensors ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

Topic 4: connecting to the network ................................................................................................ 22 Computer connection ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 More Connection Option…………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Stop & check .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Topic 5: Data sheets ............................................................................................................................ 26 Up to date information ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 Data sheets ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Load controller data sheet ................................................................................................................................................. 26 Mounting instructions - wall mount ................................................................................................................................. 27 Single phase or 3 phase ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 Supply (mains)….. ................................................................................................................................................................. 28 Single phase ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 3 phase……….. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Single phase loads to 3 phase ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Example DLE1210 ................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Panels ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Panels data sheets ................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Supply (panels). ..................................................................................................................................................................... .33 Supply information ………………………………………………………………………………….…….33

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Panels, sensors & touch screen current demand……………………………………………………….…….33 Example DLE1210 with current demands....................................................................................................................... 35 DyNet supply calculation .................................................................................................................................................... 35 Power supply .......................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Sensors .................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Sensor data sheets ................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Applying the information ..................................................................................................................................................... 37 DUS804C - motion detection mounting location ......................................................................................................... 37 Understanding lens patterns ............................................................................................................................................... 37 Coverage area ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Typical applications ............................................................................................................................................................... 38 Understanding mounting dimensions ............................................................................................................................... 38 Lens patterns DUS704C & mounting location .............................................................................................................. 39 Lens patterns DUS704W / long range / curtain ............................................................................................................ 39 Stop & check .......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

Topic 6: managing the project process ............................................................................................ 42 The specified project ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 The design and construct (D&C) project…………………………………………………………………… 42 Topic 7: network layout...................................................................................................................... 45 Distribution boards .............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Location considerations ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 Essential & non-essential ..................................................................................................................................................... 46 Tenant / owner ...................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Network diagram .................................................................................................................................................................. 47 Future expansion considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 48 Cabling loops .......................................................................................................................................................................... 48 Spare capacity ........................................................................................................................................................................ 48

Topic 8: selecting load controllers ................................................................................................... 49 Considerations....................................................................................................................................................................... 49

Topic 9: selecting panels ..................................................................................................................... 50 Panel selection considerations ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Functionality ........................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Finish…… ............................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Quantity… .............................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Panel types .............................................................................................................................................................................. 51 9 series panels ........................................................................................................................................................................ 51 DLP, DLPE & DPWE ............................................................................................................................................................ 51 DRP & DR2P .......................................................................................................................................................................... 52 DPN…… ................................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Antumbra…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52 Panel customization .............................................................................................................................................................. 54 Fascias….. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 54 Buttons…. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 54 Sliders….. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 55 OLED….. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 55 Using 3rd party panels ......................................................................................................................................................... 55

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3rd party panels ...................................................................................................................................................................... 56

Topic 10: selecting additional devices .............................................................................................. 57 Power supplies ....................................................................................................................................................................... 57 DDNP1501 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 57 Calculating power supply requirements .......................................................................................................................... 57 Network bridges ................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Exceeding CAT5 current limit ........................................................................................................................................... 58 DNG485 / DDNG485 / DDNI485 ................................................................................................................................... 58 Network gateways ................................................................................................................................................................ 59 Interfacing with other networks........................................................................................................................................ 59 Envision Gateway Ethernet interface ............................................................................................................................... 60 RS232 serial port interface ................................................................................................................................................. 60 Integration Devices ............................................................................................................................................................... 61 DDNI-LON ............................................................................................................................................................................ 61 DDMIDC8 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 61 Motion sensors ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62 DUS704 and DUS804 .......................................................................................................................................................... 62 Slight Motion vs standard motion detection .................................................................................................................. 62 3rd party sensors .................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Time clocks ............................................................................................................................................................................ 64 Touch screens ........................................................................................................................................................................ 64 DTP100 & DTP170............................................................................................................................................................... 64 DIR-TX8 & software ............................................................................................................................................................ 65 Temperature sensors ........................................................................................................................................................... 66

Topic 11: integration ........................................................................................................................... 68 Analogue and dry contact inputs / outputs ..................................................................................................................... 68 Analogue outputs .................................................................................................................................................................. 70 DyNet over RS485 ............................................................................................................................................................... 70 DyNet over RS232 ............................................................................................................................................................... 70 LonWorks ............................................................................................................................................................................ 71 Infrared / reception / transmission ................................................................................................................................... 71 DMX512 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 72 Dual port load controllers .................................................................................................................................................. 72 Converting DyNet to DMX512 and DMX to DyNet ................................................................................................. 72 Envision Manager ................................................................................................................................................................... 73

Topic 12: creating a load schedule ................................................................................................... 75 What lamps are being used in the project? .................................................................................................................... 75 Overview…… ....................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Using the schedule………………………………………………………………………………………..…...75 Adding items .......................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Dimmers sheet…..….………………………………………………………………………………………....76 Working sheet…..….………………………………………………………………………………………….77

Topic 13: commissioning .................................................................................................................... 79 Quoting ................................................................................................................................................................................... 79 The finished quote ................................................................................................................................................................ 79 Commissioning ...................................................................................................................................................................... 79 Stage one ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...79

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Stage two ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79 Stage three .............................................................................................................................................................................. 80

System design summary ...................................................................................................................... 80

Appendix A: functionality paradox ................................................................................................... 81 Residential spaces ................................................................................................................................................................. 80 Residential pathways ............................................................................................................................................................ 82 Commercial spaces & scenes ............................................................................................................................................. 85

Appendix B: Hospitality ..................................................................................................................... 86 Guest Room Management System .................................................................................................................................... 86 GRMSPLUS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 86 GRMS10 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 86 GRMS for guests ................................................................................................................................................................... 87 GRMS for hotel staff............................................................................................................................................................. 87

Appendix C: Retail ............................................................................................................................... 88 Case Study: Christian Dior ………………………………………………………………………………… 88 Case Study: Christian Dior reflected ceiling plan .......................................................................................................... 89 Case Study: Christian Dior store images ........................................................................................................................ 90

Appendix D: lamps ............................................................................................................................... 91 Incandescent lamps (GLS) ................................................................................................................................................... 92 About GLS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 92 GLS dimming .......................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Extra low voltage lamps (ELV) ........................................................................................................................................... 92 About ELV .............................................................................................................................................................................. 92 ELV dimming........................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Linear fluorescent lamps ..................................................................................................................................................... 94 Linear fluorescent dimming? ............................................................................................................................................... 94 2-pin compact fluorescent lamps (CFL 2-p) ................................................................................................................... 95 CFL dimming .......................................................................................................................................................................... 96 4-pin compact fluorescent lamp (PL) ............................................................................................................................... 97 About PL-4-p .......................................................................................................................................................................... 97 PL-4p dimming ....................................................................................................................................................................... 97 Cold cathode.......................................................................................................................................................................... 98 Cold Cathode dimming ....................................................................................................................................................... 98 LED lighting ............................................................................................................................................................................ 99 LED dimming ........................................................................................................................................................................ 100 High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps .......................................................................................................................... 101 HID dimming ........................................................................................................................................................................ 101

Appendix E: types of control ........................................................................................................... 102 Dimmers ............................................................................................................................................................................... 102 Leading and Trailing edge dimming ................................................................................................................................. 102 Pulse Width Modulation .................................................................................................................................................... 103 Ballasts ................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Why do fluorescent light bulbs need a ballast? ............................................................................................................ 105 1-10v control / how many ballasts ? ............................................................................................................................... 105 DSI control / how many ballasts ? ................................................................................................................................. 106 DALI control / specifications in a nutshell .................................................................................................................... 107

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DALI Multi Master .............................................................................................................................................................. 107 Appendix F: terms ........................................................................................................................................................ 110 Lighting terminology ........................................................................................................................................................... 110 Light spectrum ..................................................................................................................................................................... 110 Speed of light ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110 Properties of light ............................................................................................................................................................... 110 Light and radiation .............................................................................................................................................................. 110 Luminous flux φ ................................................................................................................................................................... 110 Luminous intensity Ι ........................................................................................................................................................... 110 Illuminance E ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110 Luminance L ......................................................................................................................................................................... 111 Luminous efficacy η ............................................................................................................................................................ 111 Colour temperature ........................................................................................................................................................... 111 Light colour .......................................................................................................................................................................... 111 Colour rendering ................................................................................................................................................................ 112 Luminaire efficiency ............................................................................................................................................................ 112 Average life ........................................................................................................................................................................... 112 Service life ............................................................................................................................................................................. 112 Volts……………….. .......................................................................................................................................................... 112 Watts…… ............................................................................................................................................................................ 112

Appendix G: phase out of incandescent lamps in Australia ...................................................... 113 Living sustainably - energy efficiency .............................................................................................................................. 113 Why the Australian government phased out inefficient incandescent light bulbs............................................... 113 How will inefficient incandescent light bulbs be phased out? ................................................................................... 113 Which incandescent light bulbs were phased out? ..................................................................................................... 113 The phase out and Street and other Public Lighting .................................................................................................. 114

Appendix H: fluorescent dimming – burn-in periods ................................................................. 115 Why is a burn-in period necessary? ............................................................................................................................... 115

Appendix I: practical activity ............................................................................................................ 117

Contacts ............................................................................................................................................... 118

System Designer Course Training Guide 8 Topic 1: features and benefits

Background

Philips Dynalite is a highly specialized company whose principal occupation is to provide ‘cutting edge’ solutions for lighting control. Our achievements have been recognized worldwide, and Philips Dynalite is generally the system of choice for projects involving integration with third-party vendor’s equipment, and for large-scale applications.

Philips Dynalite’s philosophy is to provide the best solution possible for each and every project. This is the key to our success. Our considerable investment in Research & Development ensures that we remain at the forefront of our industry. Our position as a world leader in lighting management systems for the future is sustained through our total commitment to innovation.

We are represented around the world by distributors and dealers who are hand-picked for their ability to provide the highest possible level of service.

From a stock exchange in Shanghai, to a luxury resort in Dubai, a smart home in Sao Paulo, to limestone caves in New Zealand, Philips Dynalite’s innovative solutions deliver intelligent light.

Ongoing research and development has enabled Philips Dynalite to create secure automated systems that control tens of thousands of individual light fittings in high-rise office buildings from any location anywhere in the world. Our networks are engineered to deliver instant notification of power or system failure, and report via a LAN, internet, or through an SMS gateway to a mobile phone. This provides the assurance necessary in applications where continuous operation is vital, such as road tunnels, computer servers or cold storage units.

Philips Dynalite’s modular product design philosophy also improves system flexibility. Through this approach, specific application requirements can be accommodated with greatly reduced lead times. As an industry leader Philips Dynalite is committed to creating superior lighting control and energy management systems, setting new benchmarks in performance and efficiency.

Upon receiving the International Association of Lighting Designers award for Most Innovative Product, the Philips Dynalite control system has been independently recognized as ‘A user friendly and sensible modular approach, which takes it from sophisticated domestic settings to large architectural spaces’.

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About this course

course overview

This course has been developed to assist in project design. There are a number of considerations to take into account when designing a project - functionality requirements and cost rank highly amongst them.

This course begins by detailing networking requirements for project design, then moves onto calculating loads and selecting devices.

Many organizations have established project design plans already in place, and so this course is not designed to replace Dimension dealers’ practices. It has been designed as a guide to highlight some key project design considerations.

course timetable

• Topic 1 - features and benefits • Topic 2 - physical installation • Topic 3 - the products • Topic 4 - connecting to the network • Topic 5 - data sheets • Topic 6 - managing the project process • Topic 7 - network layout • Topic 8 - selecting load controllers • Topic 9 - selecting panels • Topic 10 - selecting additional devices • Topic 11 - integration • Topic 12 - creating a load schedule • Topic 13 - commissioning

learning outcomes

By the end of this course you will be able to:

• Use the dimming schedule spreadsheet to assist in project design. • Select Philips Dynalite load controllers needed for a project. • Determine the power requirements of panels for a project. • Determine additional device requirements for a project.

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About this guide

Disclaimer

The instructions in this manual have been prepared by Philips Dynalite, and provide information on Philips Dynalite products for use by registered owners. Some information may become superseded through changes to the law, and also due to the result of evolving technology and industry practices.

Any reference to non- Philips Dynalite products or web links does not constitute an endorsement of those products or services.

Copyright

© 2013 Dynalite manufactured by WMGD Pty Ltd (ABN 33 097 246 921). All rights reserved. Not to be reproduced without permission. Dynalite, Dimtek, DLight, DyNet and associated logos are the registered trademarks of WMGD Pty Ltd.

System Designer Course Training Guide 11 Topic 1: features and benefits

Topic 1: features and benefits

Why would someone choose to install a Philips Dynalite lighting system?

Before you approach a potential customer, you need to give this question some thought. There are a number of factors that can contribute to someone’s desire to have a Philips Dynalite control system installed.

proven success

• We are the experts. • The same company that controls the lighting for Multiplex cinemas worldwide

is controlling your home theatre lighting. • Dynalite is responsible for the lighting in casinos & football stadiums worldwide,

and in the world’s tallest building in Dubai - where reliability and system management is key.

luxury

• From the touch of a single button, a room can completely change character. • Lighting controlled from a remote control. • The ability to have scenes professionally designed & then recalled indefinitely to

provide the feeling of space, warmth & opulence. • We use the latest technology and offer panels to match any decor.

security

• The Philips Dynalite lighting system can interface to your security system. This provides features such as a ‘Panic’ mode, which sets all the lighting at a pre-programmed level when an intruder / smoke alarm is triggered and locks all the wall plates. All outside lights could also flash to attract attention.

• ‘Away’ can simulate an occupied state when empty, to deter would-be thieves. • ‘All On’ can turn all the lights on from the bedside panel if the owner wants to

investigate a noise.

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convenience

• In both commercial and residential projects ‘All Off’ allows the user to leave an area or go to bed without worrying about turning lights off locally.

• ‘Leaving’ used from the entry allows the home owner to leave the house without turning lights off locally. Arming the alarm could also be used to activate this feature.

• Integration allows control of multiple devices (lighting, A/C, AV, etc.) from one panel.

• Pathways can be programmed for ease of movement within a house at night. For getting to and from the bathroom, baby’s room, etc., a pathway of light at a low level will provide adequate illumination to safely get from ‘a’ to ‘b’.

• In commercial applications pathways help people navigate through areas such as gardens, storage, car parks, etc. They can also be implemented to keep people out of certain areas by only lighting the necessary route to their destination.

• Time clocks can completely automate an area. When a restaurant closes, the lighting can slowly dim, let patrons know that it’s closing time. A hotel lobby can run light shows at particular times of the day. Hotel bars can display day-to-evening lighting modes seamlessly, over a number of minutes without distraction.

• IR control allows users to adjust the lighting/curtains, etc. with the same remote control used to change channels on a TV.

energy conservation

• Save energy. Smarter lighting and integrated system control saves the environment.

• The Philips Dynalite system can be fine-tuned to use the minimum amount of energy, while comfortably fulfilling the needs of the client.

• Low occupancy areas can be turned off or dimmed when no one is present. • The Philips Dynalite system can communicate with a BMS system to provide

load shedding of any non-essential lighting loads during peak demand periods, in order to help prevent penalty usage charges from the electricity supplier.

• Lamp life is extended as lamps are only switched on when required, saving direct energy and lamp costs. In addition, this method saves on labor costs for re-lamping and the environment from disposing of failed lamps - especially for lamps that are located in inaccessible locations.

• Photo Electric (PE) sensors can ensure the lighting system provides the right amount of light for a task over a long period of time by adjusting the lighting to a predefined lux level. This removes the requirement for higher-than-necessary luminance in new buildings, thus allowing for the depreciation of a lamps’ light output over its life (known as lamp maintenance).

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retail and commercial

Upgrade/reinvent your image. Create a unique atmosphere. Create an identity with ambience. Create an

impact with lighting scenes. Trigger impulse sales by merchandising with the use of light. Attract customers into the store & increase store traffic. Increase productivity - more time working, less time on maintenance. Avoid liability – minimize OH&S issues by ensuring correct lighting levels

throughout the property. Security lighting in public areas.

Controls activity

Reflect on your experiences & describe 3 additional features and benefits of including a control system in a project.

1. __________________________________________

2. __________________________________________

3. __________________________________________

System Designer Course Training Guide 14 Topic 2: physical installation

Topic 2: physical installation How the Philips Dynalite system works

communication

The Philips Dynalite network communicates using its own proprietary protocol called DyNet. This is an open protocol that employs an RS485 transport layer to pass messages across the network.

The system implements a ‘fully distributed intelligence’ philosophy, which means that every device on the system is independently intelligent and is fitted with its own logic controller. This allows a large amount of the operational processing to be done locally within each device and enables the Philips Dynalite system to be controlled using relatively short message transmissions.

While the system is limitless in terms of its scalability (up to 17 million products theoretically connected on a single network), messages are kept simple by using logical group addresses (known as Areas) rather than communicating to individual circuits. This area grouping is done on a per-circuit basis so each individual circuit is programmed with an area address, as well as an individual channel address.

The areas are then mainly controlled using preset messages. These are pre-programmed levels that give the required effect to the area being controlled.

When an area preset message such as "area 6 go to preset scene 3" is transmitted onto the network, every device on the network receives the message at the same instant and checks to see if it has circuits in that Area.

If the controller finds it has a circuit in that specified area it uses an internal look up table to discover the output level for that circuit for preset 3. It then changes the output level of that circuit using the fade time in the received message.

By having multiple layers of area groupings, the system can control anything from a single circuit, to a complete building from a single data message.

Figure 1 – Logical addressing

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connectivity and cabling

The system communicates over screened, stranded RS485 data cable (such as Cat5), and requires a minimum of three twisted pairs.

The cable should be segregated from mains cables by a minimum of 300mm & cross any mains cables at 90˚ when unavoidable.

Figure 2 - Cabling

5-way screw terminations are provided on devices for each data cable termination. Some devices also have an RJ12 connector for temporary connection of portable programming devices.

Some panels (DR2P) have an RJ12 connector for special flat communications cable. It is possible to order special DR2P panels that use 2 x RJ12 sockets instead of a terminal strip. Dynalite flat cable can then be used, which greatly reduces the risk of cabling errors. Flat cable can support up to 10 panels on one cable run, and the maximum cable run for a single cable is limited to 100m before a network bridge is required.

key point

Please note that any data cable that is connected to a powered device is energized. Data cable should not be cut or terminated while energized!

the installation process

The DyNet network connects all devices together in a daisy chain fashion. This means that the data cable runs in and out of every device in a line.

Figure 3 - Daisy Chained DyNet Network

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Cat5 has a 100 device limit per cable run. Some sites require far more devices than the 100 maximum allowed on a single cable run.

A typical example of this is a multi-story building, with each floor containing a network of devices. The network segment for each floor is called a Spur.

All spurs are joined together via a Trunk, which is quite often installed in the riser of a multi-story building, linking all floors together.

Figure 4 - Larger DyNet Network using Trunk & Spur Technology

Note: the spurs do not directly connect to the trunk, but are connected via Network Bridges.

The use of Network Bridges allows the maximum number of devices on a single network to be 16,776,960. Network Bridges may also be used as repeaters when cable runs exceed 1,000 meters. The only time a loop can be created is when there is a voltage drop across the network that needs to be rectified. In this situation, the +12V and ground can be looped to balance the voltage across the network, but the data cables must never be looped.

If it is impossible to loop the power, then a 12V DC 1A non-regulated power pack can be connected to boost the network voltage at the end of the run with low voltage. Always check the number of panels on a network against the sum of the network supply of the load controllers (see the data sheets).

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wiring diagram S

HLD

GN

D

D+

D-

+12V

Aux

Figure 5 - Wiring

One pair is paralleled for GND , one pair paralleled for +12V and one pair used for DATA+ and DATA -.

recommended DyNet color coding for cat5 cable

PAIR COLOUR SIGNAL

1 Blue Mate Blue

Data- Data+

2 Orange Mate Orange

}

Paralleled for +12Volts.

3 Green Mate Green

}

Paralleled for Ground.

4 Brown Mate Brown

Spare pair if required to repair damaged cable or as a drain for static if unshielded cable used

Cabling recommendations

recommended DyNet data cable types

MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER

Belden 9503

Dynalite DyNet-STP-Cable

Garland MCP3S

Garland STPL5e

Hartland HCK603

M&M Cable B2003CS

M&M Cable B9503CS

Multicables AWM E120236 2092 20

RS Components 368-687

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RJ12 socket connections

Figure 6 - RJ12 Socket Connection

CAT 5 cable limits

Philips Dynalite Cat5 data cable is specifically designed for high reliability RS485 network wiring. In addition to a twisted pair for RS485 data, conductors are provided to supply DC power to network powered peripherals.

Conductors are shielded for maximum data integrity. The data cable is flexible, and all conductors are stranded. This allows for a robust termination into pressure plate style terminals, used on most Philips Dynalite equipment.

The extra thick outer jacket is mains-rated for use in switchboards, and enhances the robustness of the cable. The cable is supplied in 305-meter lengths.

Cable limits:

• Maximum Philips Dynalite devices per CAT5 cable: 100. • Maximum Cat5 cable length: 800m.

Figure 7 - Cat5

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Figure 8 - Inside Cat5

S-Flat 6 cable limits

Flat data cable is specifically designed for high reliability localized network wiring as found in hotel rooms and residential applications.

In addition to a conductor pair for data, conductors are provided to supply DC power to network-powered peripherals. Conductors have an overall shield for maximum data integrity. The data cable is flexible, and all conductors are stranded. It is designed for rapid crimp termination into RJ12 plugs, for use with Philips Dynalite products with supporting RJ12 sockets.

The special flat cable is supplied in 200 meter rolls, or in pre-terminated leads of 3, 5 and 10 meter lengths.

Cable limits:

• Maximum Philips Dynalite devices per special flat cable: 10 • Maximum special flat cable length: 100m.

Figure 9 - Special DyNet Flat Sflat6 Cable

Figure 10 - Special DyNet Flat Sflat6 cable roll

System Designer Course Training Guide 20 Topic 3: the products

Topic 3: the products product groups

Dynalite’s range of products fall into seven broad categories:

1. Leading Edge Phase Control Dimmers 2. Trailing Edge Phase Control Dimmers 3. Relay Controllers 4. Ballast Controllers 5. Multipurpose Controllers 6. Light Emitting Diode Controllers 7. Panels

Knowing product codes will make the process of finding the devices you need an easier exercise.

product codes at a glance

Philips Dynalite product codes

Each Philips Dynalite device has a code. For example:

*The DPN981 shown above does not contains engraving on the switch caps.

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Topic 4: connecting to the network Computer connection

A Dynalite DTK622 PC node is the standard interface for connecting the programmers’ PC to the network. It is available in both USB and RS232 versions.

Figure 11 - DDTK622 RS232 PC Node Adapter

Figure 12 - DTK622-USB - RS485 to USB PC Node

The PC Node can be connected to the network in a number of ways. Some of the most common connections include:

1. Plugging the supplied RJ11 terminated cable into the RJ12 socket on the base of a load controller.

Figure 13 - Base of controller

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2. Plugging into a dedicated RJ12 network socket.

Figure 14 - Front of Panel

3. Plugging into the back of a control panel using the supplied Dynalite dingus.

Figure 15 – Back of Panel

4. In addition to the dingus, the FFC-PRO can be used to connect into the side of a DR2P panel, and the LSP-PRO connects into the front of DLP panels with a 4-pronged steel probe.

More Connection Options

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Stop & check

1. What is the maximum length for a single run of Cat5 cable on a Dynalite network?

a. 305m

b. 500m

c. 800m

d. 2000m

2. What product is needed to extend the cable beyond the limit in question 1?

a. Block connector.

b. Network Bridge.

c. Network power supply.

d. It’s not possible to extend the cable beyond this limit.

3. How are Dynalite load controllers mounted?

a. Rack mounted and din rail mounted.

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b. Wall mounted and din rail mounted.

c. Wall mounted and rack mounted.

d. None of the above.

4. Dynalite uses preset messages as the most common control message on its system. Preset messages are sent to group addresses known as:

a. Areas.

b. Zones.

c. Modules.

d. Channels.

System Designer Course Training Guide 26 Topic 5: Data sheets

Topic 5: Data sheets

learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you will learn about:

• Product codes • Device categories • Data sheets

up to date information

We constantly introduce new products & we utilize the latest available technology. Ongoing product development means that printed data sheets become outdated over time. Keep an eye on our website for the most up-to-date information.

http://www.philips.com/dynalite

Data sheets

Data sheets exist for each device that Philips Dynalite manufactures. Up-to-date information is always available on the public website. Let’s look at some data sheets to help us understand some terms and calculations.

load controller data sheet

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mounting instructions - wall mount

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Single phase or 3-phase

single or 3phase

The data sheet will tell you a device’s supply consumption, and if the device is 3 phase or single phase (or both).

What does this mean?

Some examples:

DEVICE SUPPLY

DLE1205 400/230V +/- 14% 50/60Hz 3-Phase Y at 20A per phase or 230V +/- 14% 50/60Hz Single Phase at 60A

DLE802 230V +/- 14% 50/60Hz Single Phase at 16A

DTE310 230V +/- 14% 50/60Hz Single Phase at 30A or 230V +/- or 14% 50/60Hz 3 phase Y at 10A

DDRC820FR 100/240V +/- 14% 50/60Hz Single Phase at 0.1A

supply You will find this information here on the data sheets:

Figure 16 - Data sheet, supply information

single phase • Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors.

• Single-phase power is what is used in residential homes. Generally speaking, household electrical service is a single-phase, 230-volt AC service.

• A single-phase supply does not produce a revolving magnetic field (3 phase does).

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Figure 17 - Single phase

• Typical line voltage of approximately 7,200 volts running through the neighborhood on three wires (with a fourth ground wire lower on the pole) can be seen above in fig.17.

Figure 18 - Power diagram

• Figure 18 shows a power station that produces three different phases of AC power simultaneously, and the three phases are offset 120 degrees from each other. There are four wires coming out of the power plant: the three phases, plus a neutral or ground common to all three. If you were to look at the three phases on a graph, they would look like this relative to ground:

Figure 19 – Three-phase alternating voltage

3 phase

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The properties of three-phase make it very desirable in electric power systems:

• The phase currents tend to cancel out one another, resulting in zero in the case of a linear-balanced load. This makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the size of the neutral conductor. All the phase conductors carry the same current, and so can be the same size for a balanced load.

• Power transfer into a linear-balanced load is constant, which helps to reduce generator and motor vibrations.

Figure 20 – 3-phase 'star' diagram (neutral)

Figure 21 – 3-phase 'delta' diagram (no neutral)

3 phase configuration

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single phase loads to 3 phase

Single-phase loads should be distributed evenly between the phases of a three-phase system for efficient use of the supply transformer and supply conductors.

example DLE1210

Figure 22 – Supply explanation

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Panels

panels data sheets

Figure 23 – Panel Styles

Figure 24 – DR2PE details

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Panels

Figure 25 – DR2PE Snap On Information

Figure 26 – Panel product code ordering information

supply • Panels, sensors, time clocks, and touch screens draw their power supply from the network.

• Data sheets for each model will tell you what supply current is needed. • Calculations must be made when you know how many and what type of

devices you are including in your project.

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Figure 27 – Supply Information

Panels: current demand

PANELS CURRENT DEMAND

DRPE 12V DC @ 20mA

DLP 12V DC @ 20mA

DLPE 12V DC @ 20mA

DPN 12V DC @ 20mA

DPNE 12V DC @ 20mA

DR2PE 3 column OLED 12V DC @ 75mA

DR2PE 3 column OLED 12V DC @ 56mA

DR2PE 12V DC @ 38mA PABPA 12V DC @ 40mA PABPE 12V DC @ 40mA PATPE 12V DC @ 40mA PATPA 12V DC @ 40mA

Sensors: current demand

SENSOR CURRENT DEMAND

DUS804 12V DC @ 20mA

DUS704 12V DC @ 20mA

DUS804C-UP 15V DC @ 80mA

Touch screens: current demand

TOUCH SCREENS CURRENT DEMAND

DTP100 12V DC @ 400 mA

DTP170 12V DC @ 600mA

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Example: DLE1210 with current demands

Figure 28 - DLE1210 with current demands

DyNet supply calculation

Examples:

Use the above data to work out how many panels, touch screens and timeclocks you can power without adding an extra power supply.

For example: 2 x DRPE panels will consume 100mA (2 x 50 mA)

power supply Diagram of when a power supply is needed:

Figure 29 – Power Supply diagram

This device supplies200 mA

onto the network

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Sensors

sensor data sheets

Dylalite Sensors are available in 3 models: surface or recessed ceiling mounting, and wall mounting.

When specifying your sensors - take into account:

• Location and quantity of sensors included in the project. • Ceiling or wall mounted. • Surface or recessed mounting.

Figure 30 - DUS804 Data sheet

Figure 31 – DUS804C lens pattern diagrams

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Applying the information

DUS804C: motion detection & mounting location

• Fix the sensor to a firm section of the ceiling. • Position the sensor so that it is between 2.1 and 4.0m from the floor.

Optimum height is 2.4m. • Position the sensor so it is at least 1m away from electrical lighting, such as

neon and fluorescent lights. • Position the sensor as to avoid exposing it to direct sunlight and

heating/cooling sources. • Keep data cables away from electrical wiring. • Position the sensor where pedestrian traffic is most likely to walk across the

detection zones (see motion detection coverage diagram). • The coverage area is rectangular (see Motion Detector coverage diagram)

with the longest axis identified by the engraving on the back of the unit. • For programming instructions, refer to the Dynalite Tech Note: “Setting up

Motion Detector function”.

Figure 32 - Coverage area axis displayed on back of sensor

understanding lens patterns

Sensors have a Fresnel lens which directs “fingers” out into a lens pattern. The image below is of a DUS704C. The arrow points to the lens. For both the DUS704C and DUS804C, they come with a standard lens (see both models below for lens patterns and coverage). For longer range coverage, a different lens cover (purchased separately) is fitted to the sensor.

Figure 33 - Fresnel lens

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The figures below indicate the top view of Fresnel lens pattern. This shows motion detector coverage at a 2.5m mounting height.

Figure 34 Figure 35

Coverage area

• The Fresnel lens directs the “fingers”. • Each square in the top view above is indicating a “finger.” The more “fingers”,

the more sensitive the sensor.

typical applications

• DUS804C. Typical application is use in corridors. • DUS804C-SM. Example of usage: in offices to detect slight movement.

understanding mounting dimensions

• As the DUS804C is flush mount, the dimensions of the device will be required in order to install this sensor correctly.

Figure 36 - mounting dimensions for DUS804C

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lens patterns DUS704C

Figure 37 – DUS704C Top View 2.1m

Figure 38 – Coverage area for the DUS704C at 2.4m

lens patterns DUS704C & motion detection mounting location

• Fix the sensor to a firm section of the ceiling, and position it between 2.1 - 4.0 meters from the floor. Optimum height for this sensor is 2.4 meters.

• Position the sensor at least 1 meter away from electrical lighting, such as neon and fluorescent lights, as well as to avoid exposing it to direct sunlight and heating/cooling sources.

• Keep data cables away from electrical wiring. • Position the sensor where pedestrian traffic is more likely to walk across the

detection “fingers,” rather than parallel with them (see Lens pattern diagram). • Note: the coverage area is elliptical (see Motion Detector Coverage diagram)

with the longest axis identified by the keyhole on the circuit board. • For programming instructions, refer to the Dynalite Tech Note: “Setting up

Motion Detection functions.”

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Figure 39 - Coverage area axis shown by keyhole cut out

lens pattern: DUS704W

Figure 40 – DUS704W side profile 2.1m

lens pattern: DUS704W long range

Figure 41- DUS704W - Long range lens pattern

lens pattern: DUS704W curtain

Figure 42 – DUS704W – Curtain lens pattern

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Stop & check

1. Where can you access Philips Dynalite data sheets?

a. www.philips.com/dynalite

b. Requesting them from your dealer/distributor

c. The Philips Dynalite technical binder

d. All of the above

2. What is the supply for DDLE802?

a. 230V ±14% 50/60Hz single phase & neutral supply at 16A

b. 230V ±15% 50/60Hz single phase & neutral supply at 16A

c. 230V ±15% 50/60Hz single phase & neutral supply at 20A

d. 230V ±15% 50/60Hz 3 phase & neutral supply at 16A

3. When using a three-circuit track on three-phase how do you calculate the neutral?

a. 3 x 5

b. Square root of 3

c. Total current divided by √3 or (1.732).

d. None of the above.

4. In a sensor product code, what does SM stand for?

a. Slight Motion

b. Small Motor

c. Sensor Motion

d. Sensor Machine

System Designer Course Training Guide 42 Topic 6: managing the project process

Topic 6: managing the project process The specified project

Step 1. Read the Specification

• It is very important to read all the documentation supplied with the reflected ceiling plan when working on a specified project, as mistakes with a quote can be expensive.

Step 2. Do The Take-Off, create a Load Schedule

• Once you have obtained all specifications for the way a system is to work, joining of multiple DyNet networks etc., you can start to work on a take-off from the plans.

• Since all the circuits are laid out by the designer, it is relatively straightforward to count how many lamps are included on each circuit, and multiply that by the wattage of each lamp (using the legend provided with the drawing), to determine the load required for each circuit.

key point

Before determining a final load figure for a circuit, it is important to consider any losses from control equipment such as transformers.

• Each circuit should be labeled with a number on the drawing. If they aren’t labeled, number each circuit as you go to give yourself a reference.

Step 3. Select the Controllers

• The type of lamps and control gear specified dictate which controllers are required. Again, refer to the legend to determine the specific requirements for each load. You may need to refer back to the documentation to check which channels are to be dimmed, and which are to be switched.

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The design and construct (D&C) project

A D&C Project is generally a longer process that requires at least the same amount of attention to detail as the specified project, but far greater interaction with the client.

Step 1. Talk to the Client

• Remember: you are the expert. • Listen to the requirements and ideas of the client. • Advise and direct the client in the best use of the features available, in order

to provide them with the best long-term benefits. • Use the knowledge you have gained from this course, your previous

experience, and a little imagination to create a system you would be proud of.

Step 2. Work Out the Basic Requirements

• Work out which areas are to be controlled. In a home, these would be as a minimum: the common living areas such as the lounge, dining room and kitchen;

• In a commercial project, they might be a single meeting room or the whole building, with reception and meeting rooms being dimmed, and all common areas switched.

Discuss expansion. From the above starting point you can discuss expanding the system to include other areas such as bathrooms and bedrooms, outside lighting, etc. If the client is installing the system in a new building, which is most often the case, it is important to consider potential issues with physical accessibility if any additions are to be made to the system at a later date. The more areas that are to be controlled, the more functionality can be provided.

Decide how many circuits of light are required to provide the scenes that you are trying to create. More circuits equal more scene options. Although this may sound like a sales ploy, it is an important consideration. Illuminating artworks, display cases etc., as well as providing functional lighting, is important in creating the right look for the finished project.

Step 3. Considering Further Control Options

When looking at channel and load requirements consider:

• Blinds / Curtain Controllers. • Fans (ceiling and extractor).

The design and construct (D&C) project

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** These ancillaries may be powered directly from a DyNet controller or via a 3rd party contactor depending on the load and its characteristics.

Step 4. Selecting the Controllers

This is discussed in further detail in the next section.

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Topic 7: network layout

topic overview The network layout of a project is an important part of the design process.

This topic discusses different types of distribution boards and selecting locations for installation.

Creating a network diagram is a section that’s detailed in this topic, as are future expansion plans with regard to network layout and design.

learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you will be able to:

• Select appropriate locations for distribution • Explain the purpose of essential and non-essential distribution boards • Explain future expansion considerations

Distribution boards

location considerations

An important part of the network layout is the location of distribution boards for the project.

Cost considerations - Whilst a project may require only one distribution board, it may be wise to add additional distribution boards to the project to save on cabling costs.

Below shows a single distribution board on the 1st floor, whilst Figure 44 shows another distribution board on the 2nd floor. The addition of the second distribution board means copper doesn’t need to be run from the 1st floor.

Figure 43 - Distribution Board

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Figure 44 - Distribution Boards

Utilizing spaces – Consider small and otherwise unusable spaces when mounting distribution boards. Locations under stairs, wardrobes, garages and attics are all suitable.

key point

Ensure the area you select to mount the distribution board has adequate airflow to avoid overheating.

essential & non-essential

A consideration is whether the project requires essential and/or non-essential distribution boards.

Essential distribution boards are used where power supply to certain services must be uninterrupted; these include banks, casinos and hospitals.

Services that may be designated essential would include: lifts, fire services, operating theatres and secure bank areas.

A benefit of using non-essential distribution boards is that they can be utilized for load shedding.

tenant / owner

Tenant and owner distribution boards are commonly used in apartment block projects. Owner boards control public areas such as lifts, stairwells and car parks.

Tenant boards commonly control individual apartments in the block.

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Network diagram

An important part of a project design is the network diagram. The project design can be produced using a number of software applications, such as Microsoft Visio and AutoCAD.

Philips Dynalite can provide you with MS Visio ‘Shapes’ of our product range to assist with the creation of network diagrams.

Figure 45 - Network diagram

The network diagram in Figure 45 above shows the devices in a project, and how they are connected. Additionally, each device lists the following information: device type, supply, device location, box number and offsets, as seen in Figure 46 below.

DNG485

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Figure 46 - Device details

Future expansion considerations

cabling loops Creating cabling loops of CAT5 is a common practice for future expansion, particularly in commercial projects.

Ceilings and wall spaces are suitable locations for cabling loops. It is also important to consider the requirements for future expansion when selecting where to leave cabling loops on a network.

Be sure to mark any cabling loops on the projects’ network diagram, as shown in diagram below:

Figure 47 - Network Diagram showing a cabling loop

spare capacity

It is advisable to allow for some extra capacity on load controllers and distribution boards, as this makes expanding the network much easier. As a rule of thumb, allow for an additional 20% capacity. It is good planning to supply cabling loops in available cabinet space.

DNG485 DNG485

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Topic 8: selecting load controllers

topic overview This topic covers selecting load controllers for a project. A project’s considerations are determined by its scope. Therefore, some or all of the points discussed in this topic will apply to your project.

learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you will be able to:

• Identify the considerations for selecting load controllers • Select appropriate Philips Dynalite load controllers for a project

Considerations

There are a number of requirements to consider when selecting the type and number of load controllers needed on a project. Product details and specifications, and device specifications can be found in Philips Dynalite data sheets. The Dimming schedule can be used to assist in determining the requirements listed below:

• Types of loads – This is of obvious importance - the types of loads need to be determined, so that the correct types of controllers are selected.

• No. of loads – The number (of each type) of loads are required for load controller selection.

• Control type for dimmed channels – Leading or trailing edge requirements need to be determined.

• Required output per channel – The required output per channel needs to be determined. This can be calculated by adding together the globe (lamp) wattage, number of globes and number of fittings.

• No. of dimmed/switched channels – The number of dimmed and switched channels need to be determined to assist in controller selection.

• Non-lighting applications – a project may require the use of a relay or mixed controller for functions like curtain or fan control.

• Space restrictions – The installation area for devices may be quite small and may require the use of DIN rail mounted devices.

• Cost - DIN rail mounted devices are cheaper than their wall mounted equivalents, but additional installation costs offset these savings in many cases. Installation costs include: enclosures, circuit breakers, wiring and labor. Wall mounted ballasts are inclusive of the ballast and relay controller, whereas DIN rail mounted devices just include the ballast controller.

• Future expansion considerations – A common practice is to allow for 20% spare capacity on load controllers and distribution boards and provide cabling loops located in available cabinet space.

System Designer Course Training Guide 50 Topic 9: selecting panels

Topic 9: selecting panels

topic overview This topic covers panel selection criteria. Whilst aesthetic considerations are generally important, the number and functionality of panels does affect project design.

learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you will be able to:

• Identify the considerations for selecting panels • Select appropriate Philips Dynalite panels for a project

Panel selection considerations

functionality Functionality should be the first consideration when selecting panels for a project. There are several options and functions to consider, including:

• 9 series panels – should panels have to execute tasking functions? • OLED screens – is a built-in display required on the panels ? • Key Switch – is a panel enable/disable feature required ? • IR – will Infrared handsets be used ? • RJ11 connector – do panels require easy DyNet network access? • Sliders – does the project require sliders besides presets ?

finish Dynalite panels come in a variety of styles, apart from just the aesthetics.

Panel types are listed in detail in the next section. For more detailed panel specifications, review the product data sheets available for each panel type.

quantity The quantity of panels in a project is required to determine network power consumption. Be aware that panels in the same series may consume different amounts of power, e.g. DR2P OLED panels consume more energy than a 5- button DR2P panel. See product data sheets for details.

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Panel types

9 series panels

The current panel series available from Dynalite is the 9 series panels.

Series 9 functionality:

• Store and run advanced programming i.e. conditional tasks which use ‘if…..then’ logic

• Perform complex joining of multi-partitioned rooms • Control light scenes in multiple areas • Interface with third-party devices with a DyNet network (multi-function input

interface) • Use in conjunction with smart faders • Control chase sequences • Infra-red input

DLP, DLPE & DPWE

Philips Dynalite DLP series user control panels are an aesthetically pleasing, cost-effective method of providing integrated automation in commercial buildings and homes.

Figure 48 - DLP950

Figure 49 - DLPE950

These panels are available in two configurations: a single column, which provides button configurations of one to five buttons; or a dual-column design, which is available for up to ten buttons. Smooth action buttons with LED indicators provide both tactile and visual feedback, and are easily removed for engraving, assisting with the identification of switch functionality.

Infra-red (IR) receive capabilities can be integrated, eliminating the need for separate sensors where IR remotes are required.

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Figure 50 – IR remote with the DLPE950

DRP & DR2P The contemporary DRP & DR2P Revolution series user control panels incorporate a clip-on cover fastening system which provides the ultimate in aesthetic design flexibility.

DRP series panels are available in a range of configurations including single column, which provides options of one to eight buttons and double or triple-column designs for up to twenty-four buttons.

Smooth action buttons with LED indicators provide both tactile and visual feedback and are easily removed for engraving, further assisting with the identification of button functionality.

Button backlighting is also available to illuminate engraved text, as well as to improve night time panel location and operation. Infra-red (IR) receive capabilities can be integrated, eliminating the need for separate sensors where IR remote control operation is required.

Figure 51 - DRP98M

Figure 52 - DR2P98MT

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DPN

Antumbra

Philips Dynalite DPN series (seen below in Figure 53) user control panels are a popular choice for commercial and residential applications, providing integrated automation solutions. These robust panels are supplied as standard in a brushed stainless steel finish, with square button caps in silver, black surround and black engraving.

Smooth action buttons with LED indicators provide both tactile and visual feedback and are easily removed for engraving, further assisting with the identification of button functionality. Custom design, finish and capability options further enhance the DPN series, offering superior choice and functionality.

Figure 53 - DPN panel

Philips Dynalite new range of panels, called Antumbras, are available in a touch or button version.

Figure 54 – Antumbra Panels

• The proximity sensor within an Antumbra panel will activate when a user comes close, displaying a “halo” effect around the panel

• Panels are customisable with choices in fascias, rim, button configuration, button engraving, and advanced options such as sensitivity and temperature

• Antumbra is also capable of storing and recalling preset scenes and advanced tasking

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Panel customization

Philips Dynalite panels can also be made to a customer’s specific requirements.

Panels can be customized with special functionality, custom fascias, sliders and button layouts. The DRP, DR2P and DPN range of panels are primarily used when custom panels are required.

fascias DRP, DR2P and DPN panels can be customised with facias that can be made in a variety of materials and finishes such as: stainless steel, stone, glass, laminate, wood, vinyl and ceramic.

DRP panel fascias have limitless customisation potential. Figure 54 below shows a black and white pattern applied to this glass panel.

DPN panel fascias can also be engraved with designs, as shown in figure 55 below.

Figure 54 - Custom DRP fascia

Figure 55 - Custom DRP fascia

buttons Buttons can be customized to suit project requirements. The most popular customization options are:

• Button colours: standard colours are white, charcoal and silver • Button layout: may include extra columns and specialized layouts • LED indicator colours: Standard blue or orange, but can include red, green or

white, upon special request • Button engraving

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Figure 56 - DRP 3-gang panel

Figure 57 - DPN Custom button layout

Switch caps can be customized with any font. Images can also be engraved, as shown in the examples below:

Figure 58 - Examples of custom cap engraving options

sliders

DRP, DR2P and DPN panels can include sliders. Up to 2 boards can be used per panel, making a total of 12 sliders available on each panel.

See Figure 59 below for an example of custom slider panels.

Figure 59 - DPN custom slider panel

OLED DRP and DR2P panels can be customized with an OLED screen to display information. Area presets, temperature and fan settings are just some examples of information that can be displayed.

Figure 60 - DRP OLED panel Figure 61 - DR2P OLED panel

Using 3rd party panels

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3rd party panels Integrating 3rd party panels into a Philips Dynalite project is a simple task of using a DPMI940. In situations where an outdoor IP rated switch is required, the DPMI940 can be integrated with most 3rd party switches of that type. The DPMI940 is a four-way dry contact interface, designed to allow mechanical switches and relays to interface with the DyNet network. The function of each input is programmable, and the small size of the product combined with the inputs accessible on fly-leads, makes it perfect for installation behind multi-gang switch grids.

Figure 62 - DPMI940 installed in wall box and connected to switches

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Topic 10: selecting additional devices

Once load controllers and panels have been selected, additional devices should be added to the project. Additional devices may include touch screens, time clocks, temperature sensors, motion sensors, power supplies, network bridges and gateways. This topic covers some detailed information about some of these devices and their uses.

learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you will be able to: • Determine requirements for power supplies on a network • Select appropriate sensors for a project • Consider time clock requirements for a project

Power supplies

DDNP1501 Once all other devices have been specified for the project, power supplies need to be considered. The DDNP1501 network power supply can power approximately 50 smart panels.

Figure 63 - DDNP1501

calculating power supply requirements

Panels, sensors, time clocks and touch screens draw their power supply from the network. Load controllers supply power to the network. Therefore, a simple calculation needs to be done to determine if additional power supplies are required.

Qty additonal power supplies = Consumption Supply minus 50mA

50mA is deducted from the supply total to allow for current drop over the network.

*Product data sheets provide details on supply and consumption for all devices.

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Network bridges

There can be a number of reasons to add a network bridge/s to your project:

• To optically isolate areas within a network • When exceeding 2A limit of CAT5 cable • When exceeding 100 devices on a single length of CAT5 • When exceeding the 800m CAT5 cable length limit

exceeding CAT5 current limit

CAT5 cable has a max current limit of 2A. If, after calculating the total supply and consumption on a project, you find that either figure exceeds 2 Amps, an additional network bridge will be required. Use the guideline below to determine how many additional bridges should be added into the project.

• > 2 Amps = 1 additional bridge • > 4 Amps = 2 additional bridges • > 6 Amps = 3 additional bridges • > 8 Amps = 4 additional bridges

DNG485 / DDNG485 / DDNI485

The Philips Dynalite DNG485/DDNG485/DDNI485 is a flexible network communications bridge designed for RS485 networks. The two opto-isolated RS485 ports enable the DNG485 or DDNG485 to implement a trunk and spur topology on large project sites, with the bridge providing a high-speed backbone opto-coupled to

many lower-speed spurs. The DDNI485 is best used for optical isolation, when adding more than 100 devices on a single cable run, or when a project exceeds the 800 metre

cable-run.

Figure 64 - DDNI485

The DNG485/DDNG485 also provides isolation of electrical faults to individual spurs, and enhances network security and robustness through the definition of packet filtering rules for each direction.

The DNG485 is capable of routing a DyNet network to third party systems, such as audio-visual and building automation systems, providing an integrated approach to total building control and energy management.

The DDNG485 has a DMX mode that can transmit or receive up to 64 channels of DMX512, and can include automatic DyNet conversion and Task triggering.

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Figure 65 - DNG485

Figure 66 - DDNG485

*Consumption and supply for this device family varies. Please see table below.

DEVICE CONSUMPTION SUPPLY

DDNI485 100mA N/A

DNG485 N/A Port1-450mA Port2-180mA

DDNG485 375mA N/A

Network gateways

interfacing with other networks

Project requirements may require an interface with 3rd party networks. Network Gateways can be used in the same way as network bridges, the difference being HOW the device is used.

To achieve this, Philips Dynalite produces various types of network gateway devices for a number of protocols.

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Envision Gateway Ethernet interface

The Philips Dynalite EnvisionGateway provides a multipurpose Ethernet connection to a Philips lighting control system. It supports access to both home or office lighting, via a dedicated Philips app, as well as providing a web interface delivering access to the in-built timeclock and schedule editor functions. It provides bridging functionality between Ethernet backbone and the DyNet fieldbus devices.

Some additional features include: large storage capacity, a powerful custom task engine, and advanced interoperability, all managed within an easy-to-use system, requiring no advanced technical skills.

Figure 67 – EnvisionGateway

RS232 serial port interface

The Philips Dynalite DNG232 enables cost effective serial port integration between a Philips Dynalite control system and third party system, such as AV, lighting desks, data projectors, HVAC, BMS and security systems. The interface incorporates a Programmable Logic Controller that can process comprehensive conditional and sequential logic as well as arithmetic functions.

A library of data formats is available for the systems integrator to choose from. Alternatively a format can be created using the on-board conditional logic engine to assemble and transmit user-defined data strings. Macro functions are available to simplify the control of multiple devices. Note: the devices shown below only accept strings in a predefined format; they are unable to accept custom 232 strings.

Figure 68 - DNG232

Figure 69 - DDNG232

Figure 70 - DMNG232

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Integration Devices

DDNI-LON

The DDNI-LON provides a LON single point interface to a Philips Dynalite control system. The DDNI-LON is based on Echelon Corporation’s Neuron 3120 chip, which supports 63 SNVT’s and will support preset control of 100 presets per area, for 30 areas. Multiple DDNI-LON devices can be cascaded together to accommodate larger or more complex DyNet networks.

Figure 71 - DDNI-LON

DDMIDC8

The DDMIDC8 enables cost effective input integration to a Philips Dynalite control system from third party systems such as Security, HVAC and BMS. The interface incorporates a Programmable Logic Controller that can process comprehensive conditional and sequential logic and arithmetic functions.

Figure 72 - DDMIDC8

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Motion sensors DUS704 and DUS804

Philips Dynalite offers two sensor models: the DUS704C and the DUS804C. The DUS704C, whilst superseded remains useful in situations where flush mounting sensors are not possible and surface mounting is required. The DUS704W is a wall-mounted sensor with its own coverage pattern and orientation and thus the most practical choice for some applications. Power consumption for both devices is the same at 20mA.

Figure 73 - DUS804C

Figure 74 - DUS704C

Figure 75- DUS704W

slight motion vs. standard motion detection

The DUS804C sensor is available in two versions: standard and slight motion. Listed below are the motion specifications for each version of the DUS804C.

DUS804C

Standard Slight Motion

Maximum detection range:

5.0m 2.0m

Detection Area: 7.4m x 5.6m rectangular (at a height of 2.5m)

5.0m circular (at a height of 2.0m)

Detection speed: 1.0m/s 0.5m/s

Detection object: 700mm x 250mm 200mm x 200mm

Detection zones: 64 104

Sensor: Quad element pyro-electric

Quad element pyro-electric

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3rd party sensors

The Philips Dynalite range of sensors are not IP rated. If IP rated sensors are specified on a project, then a third party device must be sourced which can then be integrated into the Philips Dynalite network via the DPMI940.

DPMI940 has a ‘motion detector’ mode that turns a third party motion detector into a fully-featured DyNet sensor. The fly-lead that connects to the motion relay and tamper switch also has a 0V and +12VDC pair for powering the motion detector from the DyNet network power supply. The small size of the DPMI940 allows it to be fully concealed within many brands of motion detectors.

Figure 76 - DPMI940 installed in a third-party PIR motion detector

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Time clocks

A Time clock introduces a new dimension to a DyNet network by allowing conditional and time-dependent tasking.

Philips Dynalite offers two time clock solutions depending on project requirements:

• DIN rail mounted time clock • LCD display time clock

Figure 77 - DDTC001

Figure 78 - DTC602

Touch Screens DTP100 & DTP170

Incorporating an innovative clip-on fascia capability, the DTP100 & DTP170 fascias accommodate practically any flat architectural surface medium. This offers unlimited freedom of choice; stainless steel, stone, glass, laminate, wood, vinyl, ceramic etc. Fascia material can be matched with Philips Dynalite’s DRP Revolution series user control panels for perfect color-coordination.

In addition to the Philips Dynalite Touch Screen software running on the DTP100 & DTP170, the Systems Installer has full access to the Microsoft Windows CE operating system and its components. Live video can be streamed to a Windows Media Player object embedded in a page, as well as audio played through the built-in stereo speakers, via the DTP100 & DTP170’s Ethernet port. The rear USB socket allows inexpensive expansion of available memory using standard USB FLASH drives.

Figure 79 - DTP100

Dimensions: Exposed: H 86 mm x W 146mm x D 5mm

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Figure 80 – DTP170

Dimensions:

• Exposed: H 165mm x W 220mm x D 3mm • Hidden, including wall box: H 150mm x W 196mm x D 59mm

DIR-TX8

The DIR-TX8 is an infra-red transmitter designed to provide cost effective integration and control of all types of infrared controllable devices, such as AV equipment. User-friendly PC software (see Figure 87 on next page) is used to program the DIR-TX8 with common IR codes from the supplied library.

Multiple IR codes can be arranged into macros and played back at any time with a single DyNet command. The device includes an internal Programmable Logic Controller and supports all Philips Dynalite script commands.

Supplied separately are 2 IR emitter LED’s (Figure 86), that have 2 metre leads, terminate in a 3.5mm stereo plug, and include adhesive mounting pads.

Figure 81 - DIR-TX8

Figure 82 - DIR-EM2

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Figure 83 - TpanLoad PC software

Temperature sensors

The DTS900 measures ambient temperature and provides data to other devices on a DyNet network, such as relay controllers used to switch heating and cooling plants. High and low setpoints can be configured using EnvisionProject commissioning software, or can be dynamically set by other Philips Dynalite devices, such as the DTP170 touch screen. Conversely, the touch screen can also be used to interrogate the DTS900 to display the current temperature in real time.

The DTS900 incorporates filtering and hysteresis (magnetic connectivity) to provide compensation for rapid temperature fluctuations and features an LED indicator which provides the status of the device. Although hysteresis is not a native feature of this device, writing tasks can achieve this, and is somewhat complex. This sensor is also available as another version that includes a user-adjustable temperature set point knob, called the DTS900M. (Figure 87 below)

Figure 85 below shows the software used to program the DIR-TX8 with common IR codes from a supplied library.

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Figure 84 - DTS900

Figure 85 - DTS900M

In addition, data can be obtained from a DTS900 and used in the DDFCUC024 (2 x 24 VAC outputs), or the DDFCUC010 (2 x 0-10V outputs) which are fan coil unit controllers designed for direct connection to components commonly found in air conditioning systems.

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Topic 11: integration

topic overview Dynalite provides several different methods for interfacing with other services, such as building management systems (BMS), projector controllers and audio-visual controllers and components. This section outlines the differing techniques.

learning outcomes

By the end of this topic you will be able to describe:

• Levels of integration in a BMS environment • Envision Manager integration capabilities • DMX512 functionality in Philips Dynalite devices

Analogue and dry contact inputs / outputs

Some Dynalite load controllers are supplied with an analogue interface. This interface has up to 12 x SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) inputs, depending on the model.

Each input is individually configurable to operate in dry contact or analogue mode. When in analogue mode, the input range is configurable to be 0-5V or 0-10V.

A buffered 5V terminal is provided for ease of connection to passive faders. 0-10V mode is useful for connecting to another vendor’s control equipment.

These inputs are fed into a programmable logic controller, which accesses the DyNet network, and then control other devices within the system, as well as the device on which the port is physically located.

dry contact outputs

Dynalite offers several dry contact units that can be used for interfaces, as well as load control. Two of the more common models are comprised of eight sets of changeover contacts for added flexibility: DDRC810DT-GL (DIN rail mount) and the DRC810DT (wall mount). These outputs are suitable for connection to SELV circuits.

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The electrical drawing below is of the DRC810DT. Note that in addition to the dry contact outputs, this device also has the eight programmable dry contact/analogue inputs described earlier.

Figure 86 – DDRC810DT-GL

Figure 87 – Electrical diagram of the DRC810DT

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analogue outputs

Dynalite ballast controllers can be configured for 0-10V output, providing a ready means of communicating a control variable with another system.

The DDBC1200 illustrated below should be used where a connection to SELV circuits is required.

Figure 88 – DDBC1200

DyNet over RS485

All Dynalite products communicate using the DyNet protocol. A subset of commands is made available to anyone wishing to directly communicate on a DyNet bus. Many AV controllers, alarm systems and BMS vendors also make available drivers that can communicate using DyNet.

To assist in the development of communications drivers for DyNet, we have developed an “Integrator’s Handbook” which is available on request.

DyNet over RS232

The same DyNet message packets that are delivered directly on to the network via RS485 can be issued via an RS232 port. The Dynalite DNG232 is an RS485 to RS232 converter, or network gateway, which allows direct connection onto a DyNet network. Common devices that require this type of connection include audio-visual controllers and peripherals fitted with an RS232 port.

Figure 89 – DNG232

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LonWorks

The Dynalite DDNI-LON gateway provides a LON interface to the DyNet network, via a TP/FT10 LonWorks port. Lighting SNVTs (standard network variable type) are supported. The device can typically translate up to 100 presets within 30 areas.

DyNet RS485

4 x 10A LeadingEdge Dimmer

2 Core +Earth

Load(Outputs) DLP8100

1 Phase 40A

10 Button"Configurable" Panel

DDNI-LON DDNI-LON DDNI-LON

DyNet RS485

LON TP/FT10

LON TP/FT10DLE410

CH1CH2CH3CH4

Figure 90 - DDNI-LON

Infrared

infrared reception

Dynalite DUS704 and DUS804 sensors are multi-function devices, incorporating motion detection, light level measurement and infrared reception. Infrared signals from hand-held remote controls are received by the DUS704/DUS804 and are translated into DyNet messages, which are then passed onto the network and are used to trigger one-shot or macro functions in other devices.

These messages can also be translated into other formats via network gateways, such ASCII text strings via the DNG232 Network Gateway, or back into infrared via the DIRTX8 Infrared Transmitter. Dynalite offers a range of hand-held remote controls for use with the DUS704/DUS804.

The codes from these remote controls can be used to program most models of universal programmable or ‘learner’ remote controls.

infrared transmission

The DIRTX8 Infrared Transmitter (see Figure 85) is an 8-channel device, commonly used to integrate equipment with an IR port, such as AV controllers or airco. units onto the DyNet network. A typical situation may be where small IR emitters are fixed to the IR window of Hi-Fi equipment.

The IR emitter includes a two-meter lead terminated with a 3.5mm plug (see Figure 86), which is plugged into the DIR-TX8. Multiple channels allow the DIR-TX8 to transmit individual codes to each channel, which eliminates problems where different Hi-Fi components share the same code.

The DIR-TX8 can record and store macros that are executed in response to DyNet messages passing on the RS485 network.

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DMX512

dual port load controllers

Many Dynalite wall-mount load controllers are available with dual ports, which allows a separate control network for DMX512 signals, whilst still allowing the use of the main control system. The DyNet network can be used to control the behavior of the system in response to DMX signals, such as the selection of the circuits for which DMX512 control is allowed. It is also possible to only allow partial control of a circuit via DMX512, in the form of setting a “low limit.” This can be useful for allowing partial control of critical circuits such as egress lighting, but not for circuits to be switched off or dimmed to an unacceptably low level.

DTK910CE

CH12CH11CH10CH9CH8CH7CH6CH5

CH1CH2CH3CH4

3 Phase 40 AMP

DTK910CE

CH12CH11CH10CH9CH8CH7CH6CH5

CH1CH2CH3CH4

3 Phase 40 AMP

DyNet

DMX512

DyNet

DMX512

Unlock

Lock

Network

Unlock

Lock

Network

Unlock

Lock

Network

DMX InputRoom A

DMX InputRoom B

DMX InputRoom C

DMX512PatchPanel

DMX512Output

Figure 91 - Dual port configuration

The DDNG485 network gateway can transmit or receive up to 64 channels of DMX512.

Figure 92 – DDNG485

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converting DyNet to DMX512

A common scenario in buildings such as hotels, museums and other sites that utilize a lighting control system, is to connect outdoor architectural lighting to a control network. Often this style of fixture operates on DMX512. The Dynalite DDNG485 Network Bridge converts DyNet into DMX512 signals.

Figure 93 – Conversion of DyNet into DMX512, using a DDNG485 network bridge

converting DMX512 to DyNet

DMX512 can also be converted into DyNet. This would be typically be achieved by connecting a theatrical lighting desk onto a DyNet network, removing the need for the lighting control network to have provision for DMX512, apart from a single interface.

However, it is important to note the difference in communication speeds between DMX and DyNet. DMX runs at 250,000bps, whereas DyNet operates at 9,600bps. When attempting to convert more than two DMX channels into DyNet levels, the network becomes flooded with messages. Additionally, the level changes become unstable and erratic due to the flooded network.

It is suggested that to only convert one DMX channel to an Area Level, or to use the DMX level to Area Preset which can recall a range of Presets based on the DMX channel level. This will provide more DMX channels of control and reduce the network bandwidth requirements.

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Envision Manager

EnvisionManager (EM) was developed to deliver industry leading levels of control, monitoring and maintenance of lighting systems. EnvisionManager is compatible with all current Dynalite products/solutions and can be used on any Philips Dynalite project. Integration is also seamless with Building Management Systems to support the needs of a fully integrated building.

Figure 94 – Envision Manager

Commissioning a project using EnvisionProject creates a configuration file which becomes the basis for EnvisionManager, leaving the commissioning engineer to focus on setting up the tailored interface to best match the end-user’s needs.

Envision Manager is an easy-to-use and powerful computer-based interface which allows access to all the control features within a lighting control system in one software package.

Some notable features worth mentioning about Envision Manager: user-friendly graphical interface, maintenance functionality identifies luminaires approaching the end of their lamp life, as well as failed ballasts and other faults on the system, energy and real-time data reporting at your fingertips, and a powerful task engine for controlling not just lighting, but all integrated systems.

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Topic 12: creating a load schedule

topic overview Calculating loads for a project involves understanding the project requirements, as well as knowing the number and types of circuits. Once these details have been determined, calculating the loads involves simply entering the details into the Philips Dynalite Dimming Schedule.

learning outcome

By the end of this topic you will be able to:

• Use the dimming schedule spreadsheet to assist in project design.

what lamps are being used in the project?

Lamp types and quantities must be taken into account when creating a Load/Dimming Schedule. See Appendix A for further information on Lamp types.

Using information provided by, or from discussions with your client, you can determine what devices will work best with which controller(s).

Using the dimming schedule

overview Philips Dynalite has a spread sheet available to aid in project design, called a “Dimming Schedule” or “Load Schedule.”

The Dimming Schedule.xls spread sheet assists project designers in determining the types of loads required, calculating supply and consumption, and then selecting the load controllers needed.

Additionally, a completed dimming schedule provides the commissioning technician with a detailed load schedule for commissioning the project.

using the schedule

Use the project’s reflected ceiling plan to complete the Dimming Schedule.xls spreadsheet. To complete a Dimming Schedule.xls spreadsheet, follow these steps:

1. Open the 2. Amp_Calc_MB tab shown in Fig. 99 below, and complete: a. Area Description b. Channel No: c. Lamp Type d. Fitting type e. Watts f. Globes (lamps) g. No: fittings h. Switched / Dimmed

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Figure 95 - Amp Calc_MB’ sheet

2. Click on the button. This will list load controllers by type in the “Controller Type” column.

3. Select devices – use the button to pick the required devices from the following tabs at the bottom of the spreadsheet.

a. Dimmers b. Relay c. LED d. Ballast e. Mixed f. Accessories g. Panels

Adding items

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Figure 96 - Dimmers sheet

key point

If you incorrectly add devices to the ’10. Working Sheet’ tab, you can delete the previous addition by clicking the Delete Last button, located to the right of the columns on the Working Sheet.

Alternately, you can delete all devices by clicking the Delete All button, which is also located to the right of the columns on the Working Sheet.

4. Copy (Ctrl+C) the following columns from the 2.Amp_Calc_MB tab, to the 10.Working Sheet, and then paste (CTRL+V) the data into the rows for the correct load controllers.

a. Area Description b. Channel No: c. Lamp Type d. Fitting Type e. Watts / Globe f. No: Globes g. No: Fittings h. Switched / Dimmed

Be careful to match the correct load type to the correct load controller, taking note of the current value (amp) from each channel.

Dimmers sheet

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Figure 97 - Working sheet

5. To confirm if additional power is required on a project, click the

button located on the right side of the Working Sheet, and the spreadsheet will automatically add the required number of power supplies for the project to the 10. Working Sheet.

6. Similarly, click the button, and the spreadsheet will automatically add the required number of bridges for your project to the 10. Working Sheet, if needed.

7. Clicking on the button in the ’10. Working Sheet’ will print the 10. Working Sheet.

Working Sheet

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Topic 13: Commissioning Quoting

the finished quote

After calculating the number of circuits, the number and type of panels required and other systems the DyNet may integrate with and/or control, the devices/products section of the Dynalite quote can be produced.

One of the final figures that must be added to the project is the cost for programming time, or “Commissioning.”

Calculating the commissioning time required for a project, especially residential, is more an art than a science. Each project will be different, as will each client’s requirements. You should aim to gain as much information as possible from the client during the quotation period, including all functionality requirements. This information can then be coordinated with programming personnel to ensure a fair amount of time is allocated for all three commissioning stages.

As a rule of thumb, allow 10 minutes of commissioning time for each controlled circuit and 5 minutes for each panel button or dry contact input. Add travel time per day (or however your company charges for travelling), and this should render estimated commissioning time for your project.

Commissioning

stage 1

This is the initial commissioning stage where the system is loaded and tested. Details of the system (Logical Areas, Channels and Names) are entered into the controllers.

stage 2

The client must be present for Stage 2, as detailed system requirements are confirmed during this time. Presets for each area should be set, and panel functionality revised as necessary to the client’s exact requirements.

Although the programming of scenes can be done during daylight hours, it is preferable to set the scenes after sunset . This will give a more accurate idea of the how the areas will illuminate when light is required.

In order to accurately program scenes, the areas controlled must be tested and confirmed before Stage 2 commissioning is carried out. The amount of light reflected from surfaces varies greatly, for example, light can behave quite differently on concrete floors, bare walls and large open areas than on thick dark carpet, matt coloured walls and tall furniture which potentially blocks the light.

At the end of Stage Two, the client will be asked to sign a satisfaction statement, confirming that they are satisfied with the way the system is working. They should

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also be provided with a Variations Form that is to be completed by them and will be used as your engineer’s worksheet for Stage Three commissioning.

stage 3

To avoid time-wasting site visits for slight modifications to a residential job, the client is provided with a Variations sheet during Stage 2. A meeting should be arranged for the engineer to return to the residence, usually 1-2 months after Stage 2. During this visit, changes may be made to the system according to the client’s requirements, and any potential discrepancies between the engineer and client should be resolved. At this point, the engraved switch caps should be fitted.

System design summary • Keep it simple.

• Listen to the customer.

• Know your products.

o Read the instruction manual and data sheet for each product you are promoting.

o Know the max. channel as well as max. box loads for each product.

o Be able to explain the installation requirements in relation to ventilation, segregation etc.

• Check the lighting control equipment specification thoroughly.

• Use your knowledge and experience to assist the customer with their decisions about system specifications and requirements.

• Keep up-to-date with products, including additional products that may be complimentary to their package, in order to advise clients about design and functionality.

• Consider possible future requirements and try to incorporate them into the system (future-proofing).

• Work with lighting designers and electrical engineers to create the best system possible within your client’s budget.

• Do not change a specialist’s system design without speaking to them first.

• Check you have the latest drawings when working off a specification.

• Document everything.

• Work with your commissioning engineer to produce an as-built document for every job, which should also include manuals for each product supplied.

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Appendix A: functionality paradox Before discussing options with a client, we should all consider the ‘Functionality Paradox’. While the functionality options available are practically unlimited, it is possible to design a system so complex it defeats the whole purpose of an automated control system.

The Functionality Paradox

Figure 98

Until you know the client’s requirements for the operation of a Philips Dynalite system, it is very difficult to provide a precise specification, especially regarding panel selection.

Here are some suggestions for residential spaces:

Preset Scenes Preset scenes are programmed into the load controllers during the commissioning process. The preset scene is sent to a specific area and all the channels in that area listen to the message, and then respond simultaneously. A preset scene can apply to one room or a number of rooms. While every project will have different requirements the following are suggestions for scenes.

Movie A home cinema, lounge room or rumpus room may require a movie scene. This scene may dim the lighting to 10%, turn off any lighting reflecting on the screen and illuminate a table lamp to provide enough light to see drinks etc. If the home cinema is using projectors and screens these can also be activated from the movie button (using Envision Project).

residential spaces

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Soiree This button could provide a dining scene with 30% mood lighting around the dining room to create an intimate dining experience. It could include cove lighting, wall sconces, recessed ceiling and pendant lighting, and concealed lighting in display cabinets as well as illuminating garden lighting. The benefit of controlling garden lighting as part of this scene is that it gives a feeling of space to smaller rooms.

Figure 99

Nightlight A preset in a child’s room could be used at night to provide comfort lighting. Controlling one channel at very low levels would still provide enough light to keep a child happy at bedtime. After an hour the light can fade to 0% to ensure a good sleeping space and also save energy.

With the use of tasks, multiple area control is only limited by your imagination.

Some examples are as follows:

Evening This turns on specific lights throughout the house. May also control external and garden lighting. This may be a scene from a button press or from a time clock.

Goodnight Probably located on the master bedroom bedside panel this feature would fade all lighting in general areas that is currently in the ‘on’ state to ‘off’. It could also ensure security lighting is on. Areas such as children’s bedrooms, bathrooms etc. can be excluded as required.

Party A house can be set into party mode from a single button press. This can turn on driveway and entry lighting and set the dining room, lounge, rumpus and kitchen lighting to a preconfigured party state. A fixed pathway of light can be provided to guide guests to the toilet while any area of the house that is to be out of bounds can have the lighting turned off and the wall panels disabled.

residentialscenes

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Welcome Located at the front door, this button would provide a welcome home scene to light the hallway, kitchen etc. If the system is coupled with a distributed audio system then that could also be started. After a certain time of night the welcome home could instead light a pathway to bed and ignore the audio system. The welcome home scene may be called when the alarm is disabled depending on the type of the alarm panel.

Figure 100

Leaving Again situated at the front door, this button slowly shuts down the house when the occupants are leaving. This can fade all lighting except the entry to off over 5 seconds and after 30 seconds fade the internal entry to off. This may also be started when the alarm is armed. An integration device may be required to connect to the alarm system.

Away This function could be its own button or could follow on from the leaving function. In ‘away’ the system could simulate occupancy by turning lights ‘on’ and ‘off’, opening and closing curtains and blinds etc. The options for pathways will always depend on a client’s specific requirements, as well as the layout of their home. Some suggestions would be:

Midnight Snack This would provide a pathway from the bedroom to the kitchen. It could turn on the bedside light adjacent to the wall panel where the button was pressed at 5%. Selected channels through the house to the kitchen could also come on at 5% to provide enough light to see. Pressing the button again would turn off the lights used in the pathway. The same button on the opposing bedside panel would provide the same feature except that it would control the other bedside light.

residential pathways

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Figure 101

Baby’s Crying This pathway works in the same way to ‘midnight snack’ but provides lighting to the baby’s room.

Figure 102

residential pathways

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Bathroom Provides the same operation as the other pathways but this time leads to the bathroom.

Figure 103

To the Pool/Spa In the evening a garden can look spectacular when illuminated. A pathway can be provided from the back door, through the garden to the spa ensuring that anyone visiting the spa had enough light to see where they were going but when the spa was unoccupied the path lighting could be ‘off’ so as not to distract from the lighting effect for the garden.

Figure 104

One Touch In a situation where the client wants to manually set the level of a single channel of light they can use the one touch feature. This provides the ability to turn a light on and off as well as ramping its level up and down using a single button. This can be used for a lamp e.g. a bedside or reading lamp. It is also possible to adjust channels using one touch and then save these changes to a preset using hold down programming (see below).

Ramp Up / Ramp Down A button assigned to one of these features allows the end user to either increase or decrease the level of all the lighting channels in an area. By holding down the relevant button ‘ramp up’ or ‘ramp down’ and releasing it when the lighting reaches the required levels the general

residential pathways

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lighting level of the whole room can be changed. It can also be applied to a single channel if required.

And for Commercial buildings, some more examples:

Presentation Mode A conference, training or meeting room always requires a “Presentation” mode. In this mode, a projector and/or computer monitor will switch on, lighting near the projection screen will switch off, and lighting in the middle and back of the room will be dimmed to 10%. Blinds may also be integrated to allow for an optimal lighting scenario.

With the use of tasks, multiple area control is only limited by your imagination. Some examples are:

After Hours Exit This button will provide staff working outside normal business hours a pathway from one or more designated occupied areas, down the corridor and an exit to the car park. Night Scene Using a timeclock and a panel, lighting near the windows of a building may be switched on to a dimmed level such as 40%, to give the impression of occupancy, or perhaps to maintain “night time appearance specifications” as required by local government in some areas. Perimeter lights may also be included for safety and security reasons. Cleaning Mode Once the staff have left the building, the cleaners press a button that will switch on all lighting to100% in relevant areas. Party Scene One button press would activate entertainment lighting in areas such as the kitchen, conference rooms, corridors and large common spaces. Sound systems and AV may also be integrated for the ultimate party experience. Using sensors, lighting in the toilets would only switch on upon sensing movement, and lighting channels in locked offices and private areas would be excluded from this scene.

Commercial spaces and scenes

System Designer Course Training Guide 87 Appendix B: Hospitality

Appendix B: Hospitality Guest Room Management System (GRMS)

Today, hotel guests expect a superior home-from-home experience whilst staying in all levels of accommodation. By researching the needs of key hotel stakeholders, Philips has developed a tailored ‘guest room management system’ (GRMS) that delivers on guest experience, reduces energy and the initial investment required. The GRMS offers guests the convenience of controlling multiple functions in their room such as lighting, temperature, curtains and blinds with one easy-to-use interface. Importantly, the system also gives hotel staff and management the possibility to save energy, identify room status and receive guest requests. All this adds up to improved guest satisfaction and brand loyalty. Typically, each hotel room will require just one controller, dedicated to a certain set of functions and features. And as it can be delivered from the factory pre-programmed, it also removes the need for expensive on-site commissioning costs. Philips Dynalite offers two different maintenance-free control controllers: the DDRC-GRMS10 and the DDMC-GRMSPLUS. These two products are designed to deliver ‘advanced’ and ‘advanced plus’ levels of control. The DDMC-GRMSPLUS offers:

• 3 relay channels • 5 trailing edge dimming channels • 2 motorized relays for blind controls • 16 DMX outputs for colour changing

lighting Figure 105 – DDMC-GRMSPLUS • Supports 2 DyNet ports

The DDRC-GRMS10 offers:

• 10 relay channels • 9 pre-programmed dry-contact inputs • 2 Dynet termination RJ-12 modular jacks • 40A max box load

Figure 106 – DDRC-GRMSPLUS

GRMSPLUS and GRMS10

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The Philips Dynalite hotel control system enables comprehensive management of guest comfort by incorporating pre-programmed scenes, whilst still allowing user control. Seen below are just some of the capabilities of a GRMS solution for guests.

Figure 107 – Guest Room GRMS capabilities Hotel efficiency is equally as important as cost and energy savings take priority in the operation and day-to-day running of a premium hotel. Below are just some of the ways hotel staff can interact with a GRMS solution within a guest room.

Figure 108 – Guest Room GRMS staff interaction

GRMS for guests

GRMS for hotel staff

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Appendix C: Retail Shop owners, store operators and retail centre management need to be able to tailor eye-catching lighting schemes to individual retail zones, products, store events and themed days, maximise customer engagement and enrich the overall shopping experience. This is made simple with Dynalite’s advanced lighting control solutions, which have energy management functionality built-in, also making the much sought-after ‘green store’ an achievable reality. For retailers, there are three main challenges to operating a successful business. Firstly, they must provide an enjoyable shopping experience for their customers. Secondly, they must maximize revenue while minimizing costs. And thirdly, for the big retail chains, they must create a consistent shopping environment for the consumer, regardless of the exact geographical location of their store outlets.

Case Study: Christian Dior

Figure 109 – Christian Dior, Sydney

The store spans 4 floors, with retail spaces located on basement/lower ground, 1st and 3rd floors. Dynalite controls are fitted throughout the entire building, including retail, a VIP lounge, offices, meeting rooms and common areas for staff.

Christian Dior opened its first ever flagship in Sydney, on the corners of Castlereagh & King Street, the former site of Louis Vitton’s boutique. The multi- level store is designed to replicate Dior’s renowned boutique on Paris’s Avenue Montaigne, and features luxurious limestone, marble and silk carpeted floors.

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The figure below shows the reflected ceiling plan for a Women’s Ready-to-Wear section of the store, located on Level 1. Plans show general and emergency lighting in green, switching, sensors and panels in blue, and emergency equipment in red. The actual area is shown in the picture beneath.

The lighting fixture on the right was commissioned by the client and contains LEDs and crystals. Three of these fixtures are installed on the ceiling of the 1st floor and controlled by Dynalite. See figure 115 on the next page.

Figure 110 – Women’s Ready-To-Wear, Level 1, Christian Dior, Sydney

Christian Dior Case Study

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Figure 111 – Women’s Ready-To-Wear, Level 1, Christian Dior, Sydney

Figure 112 – Dior Staircase

Figure 113 – the VIP lounge at Dior

The clever effect above is actually video projected onto

mirrored panes. The projected video scenes change throughout the day and are streamed from the Dior store in

Paris.

Downlights illuminate this stairwell (left)

leading from the ground floor to Level 1.

This (right) is the VIP lounge of Dior, located on the 3rd floor.

The area is illuminated by downlights, and as seen in the picture, natural sunlight pours in from surrounding

windows.

Christian Dior Case Study

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Appendix D: lamps Incandescent lamps (GLS)

“The Standard Electric Light Globe (Lamp)”

Figure 114

Figure 115

about GLS

• Connected directly to the mains supply.

• Rated in Watts.

• Electricity goes through a thin strand called a filament. The filament gives off light after it is heated. This process is called incandescence. The filament is tightly wound like a spring so that there is more length to give off light. To project the light a pear-shaped bulb is usually used. If no bulb existed, the heat produced by the electricity would cause the filament to burn up from being exposed to oxygen in the air.

• Incandescent lamps have poor efficacy (use more electricity) and have a shorter life span than other lamps types such as fluorescent or LED.

can they be dimmed?

Yes, Incandescent lamps can be dimmed using any phase control dimmer.

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Extra-low voltage lamps (ELV)

a typical compact halogen.

Figure 116

Figure 117

about ELV

(Extra Low Voltage) Rated in Watts

• Requires the use of a transformer. The transformer drops the voltage to the lamp from 220/240V to 12V.

• Is slightly more efficient than GLS. • Often fitted flush into the ceiling removing clutter from a ceiling space. • Very popular in homes and shops.

can they be dimmed?

Consider the type of transformer that is being used. The transformer indicates the load type:

TYPE OF TRANSFORMER DIMMER REQUIRED

Standard Iron Core Dimmed using a leading edge dimmer only.

Electric Leading Edge Dimmable Dimmed using a leading edge dimmer only.

Electric Trailing Edge Dimmable Dimmed by a trailing edge dimmer only.

Electronic & Universal Some electronic transformers can be dimmed using either leading or trailing edge controllers.

Non-dimmable Cannot be dimmed. Switching only.

The recommended control type will be either written on the transformer itself or in the transformers documentation.

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Linear fluorescent lamps

Figure 118

Figure 119

about linear fluorescents

The ballast is connected to an alternating current (AC) supply.

The tube has electrodes at each end, which are wired to a ballast.

When the lamp is switched on, the current flows through the ballast to the electrodes.

Considerable voltage across the electrodes causes the electrons to move through the gas from one end of the tube to the other. This energy changes some of the mercury in the tube from a liquid to a gas. As electrons and charged atoms move through the tube, some of them collide with the gaseous mercury atoms.

These collisions excite the atoms, bumping electrons up to higher energy levels. When the electrons return to their original energy level, they release light photons.

Figure 120

can they be dimmed?

Yes, only if a specific ballast controller is fitted with electronic dimmable ballasts. The ballasts are available with analogue or digital control.

These lamps can be switched using a relay dimmer channel or 3rd party contactor.

New lamps must be burned in before dimming. This is done by running the lamp @ 100% for 100 hours. See Appendix - 100 hr burn in information.

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2-pin (PL) and mains (CFL-i) compact fluorescent lamp

Figure 121

Figure 122

about CFL’s

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) is the general term applied to fluorescent lamps that are single-ended and that have smaller diameter tubes that are bent to form a compact shape. Those requiring a separate ballast have an integral ignitor (PL 2-p).

CFL-I’s as shown above have integrated electronics to operate directly on 220-240v mains. They are fitted common caps (eg: E14, E27, B14, B22, GX53) for easy replacement of incandescent lamps.

• Last 6 to 10 times longer than standard incandescent lamps. • Use 75% less energy than incandescent lamps. • Fit in most fixtures for indoors and outdoors • Ideal for hard to reach and high-use fixtures due to their long life. • Generate 75% less heat, lower cooling costs, safer around the home. • Provide the same light output as incandescent lamps but use far less energy. • Sold as energy saving lamps in most supermarkets and DIY stores.

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can they be dimmed?

CFL’s can be switched using a relay or 3rd party contactor.

Most CFL-i’s can NOT be dimmed, however limited types are available (usually not below 12w). Not all dimmers can be used. Check the packaging and where possible obtain a dimmer compatability chart from the manufacturer.

Trailing Edge dimmers recommended. Advisable to ignite CFL’s above 50% output.

2-pin PL-type CFL’s (without integrated ballast) require a separate ballast and are not suitable for dimming. 4-pin types (below) are required for dimming with the corresponding ballast.

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Four pin compact fluorescent lamp (PL 4-P)

Figure 123

Figure 124

about PL’s • The ballast is connected to an alternating current (AC) supply.

• The lamp has 4 electrodes which are wired to a ballast.

• When the lamp is switched on, the current flows through the ballast to the electrodes.

• Considerable voltage across the electrodes causes the electrons to move through the gas from one end of the tube to the other. This energy changes some of the mercury in the tube from a liquid to a gas. As electrons and charged atoms move through the tube, some of them collide with the gaseous mercury atoms.

• These collisions excite the atoms, bumping electrons up to higher energy levels. When the electrons return to their original energy level, they release light photons.

• New lamps must be burned in before dimming. This is done by running the lamp at 100% for 100 hours. See Appendix – “100 hr burn in” information.

can they be dimmed?

4-pin PL’s are suitable for dimming in conjunction with the appropriate electronic dimmable ballast which preheats the electrodes during the dim cycle to prevent premature degradation.

Note: Dimmable ballasts are only available for certain PL lamp sizes.

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Cold cathode

Figure 125

Figure 126

about cold cathode

• Often used in cove lighting.

• Cold cathode uses a transformer to produce very high voltage, which is then passed through a gas to create light.

• It is a custom-made product that can be bent into a required shape to suit different applications.

can they be dimmed?

This light source is leading edge dimmable, but be aware that the general rule when dimming this cold cathode by using phase control methods is to de-rate the dimmer by 60% (i.e. a 5A channel becomes a 2A channel).

There are some new transformers available that have a much greater efficiency than standard transformers, talk to your cold cathode supplier for more details.

If the transformer contains an Open Circuit Monitor (OCM) this must be dimmable and any PFC capacitors must be moved to the supply side of the load controller. If you use this light source in a project always refer to your dealer and lamp supplier for exact installation details.

Can be controlled with 1-10v, DMX signal or phase control using specialist control gear.

The transformer can be replaced with a 1-10v controller or DMX interface, allowing Dynalite to provide a signal only and the power to the tube is managed by a 3rd party device.

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LED lighting

LED: light emitting diodes

Figure 127

Anode(+) Cathode(-)

Figure 128

about LED

LEDs offer exceptional life, versatile control flexibility and unlimited color mixing potential.

LED sources are becoming increasingly prevalent in architectural lighting applications. The vast range of LED fittings and sources now available provides a multitude of creative illumination design possibilities. Harnessing this potential requires a sophisticated control system. Dynalite has responded to this need and developed a comprehensive range of controllers, designed to directly connect and drive most popular conventions of LED fittings and sources. This guide outlines LED fitting circuit design concepts and provides instruction on selecting appropriate dimming control solutions.

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are semi-conductor devices that emit photon energy (light) when an electrical current is passed through them. Detailed below is the electrical symbol that is commonly used to represent an LED.

Like any diode, LEDs pass current in one direction only, from Anode to Cathode, and block current in the reverse direction. To produce light a voltage needs to be applied, which exceeds the LED’s internal voltage drop (VF) in order for current to flow. VF is generally in the range of 0.7 – 4V and varies depending upon the material composition of the LED. If the applied voltage is less than VF (about 3.2V) then current will not flow and the LED will not emit light.

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diode current regulation

The simplest method of driving an LED is to apply a DC voltage Vs to the LED with a resistor R in series. This will control the current and protect the LED. The forward current (IF) can be controlled by selecting a suitable resistor.

Figure 129

Another method of driving an LED is to include a constant current regulator, which eliminates any variations due to inconsistencies in VF. To create a constant current regulator, a closed loop sensing circuit is required to monitor the current. This generally involves a sense resistor in series with the LEDs to determine the level of current. Discrete three terminal regulators such as the Motorola® LM317 are often used for this purpose as outlined in the diagram below.

Figure130

• LED’s generally have 35,000 – 50,000 hours serviceable life.

• LEDs do not get as hot as incandescent lamps.

• They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material.

• They last just as long as a standard transistor.

• LED’s becoming brighter with each new generation.

can they be dimmed?

Philips Dynalite manufacture special dimmers for controlling LED’s. The control method used is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). See Appendix B for more information on PWM.

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High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps

Figure 131

Figure 132

about HID lamps

High-intensity discharge (HID) is a type of electrical lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc's initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly increases the intensity of light produced by the arc and reduces its power consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp.

Compared with fluorescent and incandescent lamps, HID lamps have higher luminous efficacy since a greater proportion of their radiation is in visible light as opposed to heat. Their overall luminous efficacy is also much higher: they give a greater amount of light output per watt of electricity input.

HID lamps are typically used when high levels of light over large areas are required, and when energy efficiency and/or light intensity are desired. These areas include gymnasiums, large public areas, and warehouses.

can they be dimmed?

It is not easy. It is possible via a sine wave voltage converter type dimmer or using a step down transformer or a 0-10v ballast but can only be dimmed down to about 70% and they need to be fully warmed up before dimming. Can be dimmed very slowly.

System Designer Course Training Guide 102 Appendix E: types of control

Appendix E: types of control Dimmers

leading edge and trailing edge dimming

A dimmer rapidly shuts the light circuit off and on to reduce the total amount of energy flowing through the circuit. The light bulb circuit is switched off many times every second.

The switching cycle is built around the fluctuation of household alternating current (AC). AC current has varying voltage polarity -- in an undulating sine wave, it fluctuates from a positive to a negative voltage. In other words the moving charge that makes up AC current is constantly changing direction. In the USA, it goes through one cycle (moving one way, then the other) 60 times a second. The diagram below shows this sixtieth-of-a-second cycle.

Figure 133

A modern dimmer switch "chops up" the sine wave. It automatically shuts off the lamp circuit each time the current reverses direction – i.e. whenever there is zero voltage running through the circuit. This happens twice per cycle, or 120 times a second. It turns the light circuit back on when the voltage climbs back up to a certain level.

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Leading Edge Dimming

Figure 134

Trailing Edge Dimming

Figure 135

Dynalite manufactures both leading edge and trailing edge phase control dimmers.

The lamps used in your project will determine which dimmer should be used.

leading and trailing edge dimming

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pulse width modulation

To dim LED lamps, a controller with pulse width modulation (PWM) must be used.

PWM is explained as follows: In the diagram below a circuit turns power to an LED for one second on and then one second off. The circuit has a duty cycle of 50% ON and 50% OFF. If you modify this so the LED is ON for 0.5s and OFF for 1.5s then it has a duty cycle of 25%. Similarly if it is OFF for 0.5s and ON for 1.5s) then it has a 75% duty cycle.

Now consider switching the LED ON for 10ms then OFF for another 10ms. This is still a 50% duty cycle but to someone looking at the LED, the momentary blinks are not detected by the eye. Instead it looks like the LED is simply glowing at half of its full brightness (since it is only ON for half the time). As the duty cycle is changed, the apparent brightness of the LED changes.

Figure 136

Ballasts

what is a ballast?

An auxiliary piece of equipment required to start and to properly control the flow of current to gas discharge light sources such as fluorescent and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps.

A ballast is used with a fluorescent lamp to conduct electricity at each end of the tube. It supplies the initial electricity to the lamp, and then regulates the amount of electricity flowing through the lamp so that it emits the correct amount of light.

Figure 137

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why do fluorescent light bulbs need a ballast?

Fluorescent lamps need a ballast because they use a gas to create light. Incandescent lamps create light by heating a filament. The heat makes the filament white hot, producing the visible light. In a fluorescent lamp, when the gas is excited by electric current, it emits invisible ultraviolet light that hits the white coating inside the glass tube. The coating changes the UV light into visible light. As fluorescent lamps don't use heat to create light, they are far more energy efficient than incandescent lamps. Most (95%) of the energy used results in heat, not light. Years ago it was not uncommon to leave a lightbulb burning in the roof space in winter to prevent pipes freezing !

The combination of gas, electricity, and coating in a fluorescent lamp is so effective at producing light that, without a ballast to regulate the electricity flowing into the bulb, the light would continue to gain intensity until the bulb failed. A ballast supplies the initial current to ignite the lamp, then regulates the current flowing though it so that the correct level of light is emitted.

1-10v control

One of the earliest and simplest electronic lighting control signalling systems. The control signal is a DC voltage varying between 1 & 10V. The controlled lighting output is scaled so that at 10V it gives 100% of its potential output. Dimming devices may be designed to respond in various patterns to the intermediate voltages, giving output curves that are linear for: voltage- actual light-, power-, or perceived light output.

Advantages

• Easy to understand, implement and diagnose. Its low current (typically 1mA) means it can be run along relatively thin cables with little voltage drop.

• Very good for color mixing.

Disadvantages

• Requires one wire per control channel (plus a common return wire). A sophisticated system could have hundreds of wires, requiring expensive multicore cables and connectors.

• Needs a relay channel to switch off because it cannot be sent to 0% output. • The polarity of the control cable is maintained for all fixtures on a channel.

Over a long cable, the voltage drop requires every channel of the receiving device to be calibrated to compensate for the voltage losses. However this is only a theoretical limitation as the resistance of the thinnest practical wire is around 20Ω / 800m.

how many Ballasts can be controlled?

The quantity of ballasts is determined by the sink/source capacity of the ballast.

Contact the manufacturer to find out the sink/source & then multiply by the quantity of ballasts and cross reference with the 1-10v controller data sheet.

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DSI control

Digital Signal Interface (DSI) is a protocol for the controlling of lighting in buildings (initially electronic ballasts). It was created in 1991 and is based on Manchester-coded 8-bit protocol, data rate of 1200 baud, 1 start bit, 8 data bits (dimming value), 4 stop bits, and is the basis of the more sophisticated protocol Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI).

The technology uses a single byte to communicate the lighting level (0-255 or 0x00-0xFF). DSI was the start of digital ballast communication technology and was the precursor to DALI.

Advantages

• Its simple nature makes it easy to understand, implement and diagnose, while its low voltage means it typically runs along relatively thin cables.

• As each device has its own wire to the controller (rather than being part of a network) it has no need for an address to be set, so can be replaced simply by unplugging the faulty ballast and plugging in the new one.

• The system costs involved in the systems requiring individual lamp control can be much higher than a DALI system.

Disadvantages

• It requires one wire per control channel so a sophisticated system could have hundreds of wires, making diagnoses of problems difficult.

how many ballasts can be controlled?

Refer to the Dynalite Product Data Sheet to find out how many ballasts can be controlled.

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DALI control

DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) is a data protocol and transport mechanism that was jointly developed and specified by several manufacturers of lighting equipment. The common platform of DALI is intended to enable equipment from different manufacturers to be connected together.

DALI is a step on from the DSI protocol, which is used by Tridonic Atco HF fluorescent ballasts. One of the main advantages that DALI has over earlier systems is that each device on a segment of data cable can be separately addressed, as DSI and 1-10V devices are not separately addressable and can only be controlled as a group. The net result is that to achieve similar control functionally, DALI requires less complex (and therefore less expensive) wiring topology than DSI or 1-10V devices.

DALI devices include fluorescent HF ballasts, low voltage transformers, PE cells, motion detectors, wall switches and gateways to other protocols. There can be up to 64 DALI devices on a single DALI network, called a “universe”. Sites requiring more than 64 devices are implemented by having multiple separate DALI universes, each with up to 64 devices. These separate networks are then linked together with DALI gateways and a data backbone running a high level protocol, such as Dynalite’s DyNet.

DALI specifications in a nutshell

PER UNIVERSE:

Maximum number of devices Number of Groups Number of Scenes per Group

64 16 16

Data Cable Data Encoding Method Data Baud Rate Network Power Supply

2 wires Manchester 2400 baud 24V DC 250mA

key point

The ballast needs to be bonded to the fixture. The fixture needs to be earthed. DV/DT leads must be as short as possible. The data cable must not run next to the DV/DT leads because that will introduce current into the cable.

DALI Multi Master DALI control can be configured 3 different ways: DALI Broadcast, DALI Addressing and DALI Multi Master. The DALI Multi Master gateway/controller is fully compatible with all other Philips Dynalite portfolio devices, allowing it to be the core of any lighting control solution.

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DALI Multi Master The DALI Multi Master lighting controls solution is designed for improved lighting management, and has the flexibility to address group control far more effectively, in order to deliver a better result.

Figure 138 – DALI Multi Master Configuration

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DALI Multi Master

Figure 139 – DALI Multi Master Integration

System Designer Course Training Guide 110 Appendix F: terms

Appendix F: terms

Lighting terminology

Lighting technology has special terms and concepts used for defining the characteristics of lamps and luminaries and for standardizing the units of measurement.

light spectrum

Light waves of a specific energy level will emit a particular colour. Sir Isaac Newton recognized the visible light spectrum in 1666, and he identified seven colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Newton’s colours are arbitrary segments of the continuous spectrum of colour. When all of the spectral colours travel together, they combine to make white light.

Figure 140

speed of light

Transparent materials cause light to refract, or bend its path, because light travels at different speeds in different mediums, like water or glass. The speed depends on the composition and density of the medium …how many atoms are getting in the way. The reduction in speed causes light to bend upon entry into that medium. Since different wavelengths of light bend at different angles, certain materials can act as prisms, causing white light to visibly split apart into its spectrum.

properties of light

Light can also reflect or bounce off objects. This is what causes us to see. Light rays emitted from a light source reflect off of objects in all directions and transmit the image of that object to your eye. Objects with very smooth surfaces, like mirrors, reflect light so well that they redirect it in a single direction.

light and radiation

Light is taken to mean the electromagnetic radiation that the human eye perceives as brightness, that part of the spectrum that can be seen. This is the radiation between 360 and 830nm, a tiny fraction of the known spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.

luminous flux φ

Unit of measurement: lumen [lm] All the radiated power emitted by a light source and perceived by the eye is called luminous flux φ.

luminous intensity Ι

Unit of measurement: candela [cd] Generally speaking, a light source emits its luminous flux φ in different directions and at different intensities. The visible radiant intensity in a particular direction is called luminous intensity Ι.

illuminance E

Unit of measurement: lux [lx] Illuminance E is the ratio between the luminous flux and the area to be illuminated. An

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illuminance of 1 lx occurs when a luminous flux of 1 lm is evenly distributed over an area of 1 square meter.

luminance L

Unit of measurement: candelas per metre2 [cd/m2]

The luminance L of a light source or an illuminated area is a measure of how great an impression of brightness is created in the brain.

luminous efficacy η

Unit of measurement: lumens per watt [lm/W]

Luminous η indicates the efficiency with which the electrical power consumed is converted into light.

color temperature

Unit of measurement: Kelvin [K]

The colour temperature of a light source is defined in comparison with a "Black Body Radiator" and plotted on what is known as the "Planckian Curve". The higher the temperature of this "Black Body Radiator" the greater the blue component in the spectrum and the smaller the red component. An incandescent lamp with a warm white light, for example, has a colour temperature of 2700K, whereas a daylight fluorescent lamp has a colour temperature of 6000K.

Figure 141

light color The light color of a lamp can be neatly defined in terms of color temperature. There are three main categories here:

• Warm < 3300 K • Intermediate 3300 to 5000 K • Daylight > 5000 K

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Despite having the same light color, lamps may have very different color rendering properties owing to the spectral composition of their light.

color rendering

An international system used to rate a lamp's ability to render object colors The higher the CRI (based upon a 0-100 scale) the richer colors generally appear. CRI ratings of various lamps may be compared, but a numerical comparison is only valid if the lamps are close in color temperature. CRI differences among lamps are not usually significant (visible to the eye) unless the difference is more than 3-5 points.

luminaire efficiency

Luminaire efficiency (also known as light output ratio) is an important criterion in gauging the energy efficiency of a luminaire. This is the ratio between the luminous flux emitted by the luminaire and the luminous flux of the lamp (or lamps) installed in the luminaire.

average life The average life of a lamp is an average of the lives of individual lamps operated under standard conditions. (50% failure = average life).

service life Service life is a simple practical measure of the economical life of a lamp. It is the number of hours of operation after which the system luminous flux (i.e. the product of the relative luminous flux and the relative proportion of lamps still in operation) is still around 80% or the initial value.

volts Lamp data is based on operation at rated voltage.

watts Energy used. To find actual energy used (kWh) multiply power (watts shown) x hours of use divided by 1000.

System Designer Course Training Guide 113 Appendix G: phase out of incandescent lamps in Australia

Appendix G: phase out of incandescent lamps in Australia Living sustainably - energy efficiency The following information is from the Australian Government Environment Website: http://www.environment.gov.au/index.html

why has the Australian government phased out inefficient incandescent light bulbs?

Lighting represents around 12 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions from households, and around 25 per cent of emissions from the commercial sector. The Australian Government recognized that this is an area where energy savings could be easily made by replacing inefficient incandescent lights with more cost-effective and energy efficient alternatives.

These energy efficient alternatives included compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) which use only 20 per cent of the electricity to produce the same amount of light. Using less energy means reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower electricity bills - benefits to both the environment and individuals.

how were inefficient incandescent light bulbs phased out?

In late 2009 the Australian Government implemented the phase-out by introducing minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for lighting products in order for them to be sold in the Australian market. MEPS is applied across the domestic market, affecting refrigerators, freezers, washing machines and other household appliances. More information about MEPS is available at: www.energyrating.gov.au.

More efficient types of incandescent bulbs called halogens will continue to be available, but the least efficient of this group has already been phased out. Halogen bulbs are more efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, but are significantly less efficient than compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). More information about the phase-out, as it applies to specific lighting products is available at:

www.energyrating.gov.au/library/details200718-phaseout-incandescent-lamps.html.

which incandescent light bulbs affected by the phase-out?

The Australian Government targeted light bulbs with an efficacy of below 15 lumens per watt (lm/w). Lumens (lm) are a measure of light output and watts (w) are a measure of energy input.

The traditional pear-shaped incandescent bulbs (GLS) were the least efficient - these bulbs produce only 5% useful light. The rest is heat. They were phased out first, with an import restriction effective from 1/2/2009, followed by a retail sales ban from November 2009.

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More efficient types of incandescent bulbs - known as halogens will continue to be available, but the least efficient of this group will be phased out over time. Mains voltage (240V), and low voltage (12V - typically used in downlighting), are the common types of halogen lamps. Low voltage does not mean low energy !

DATES FOR IMPORT RESTRICTION*

RETAIL RESTRICTION**

PRODUCTS AFFECTED

February 2009 November 2009 - General Lighting Service (GLS)

Retail restriction ONLY November 2009 - Extra low voltage (ELV) halogen non-reflector lamps - Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)

November 2009 November 2010 - >40W Candle, fancy round and decorative lamps - Mains voltage halogen non-reflector (MVH) - ELV halogen reflector

October 2012 - >25W Candle fancy round and decorative lamps

(only retail restrictions shown @ March 2014)

October 2016

- Mains voltage reflector lamps including halogen

Date pending availability of efficient replacement products

- Pilot lamps 25W and below

* The feasibility of import restrictions is the subject of ongoing investigations. ** Information updated March 2014

will streets lights and other public lighting be affected by the phase-out measure?

Most street and public lights do not use incandescent technology, so the phase-out will not affect them.

Road lighting in Australia is very efficient compared with other countries, however, the Government is working with industry and the relevant Australian Standards Committee to reduce the amount of energy used by street lighting.

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Appendix H: fluorescent dimming: burn-in periods

why is a burn-in period necessary?

As of September 2011, Philips Lighting suggests the following procedure:

After the installation of fluorescent lamps, it is recommended to operate the lamps for a burn in period of at least 24 hours in the full light output mode, prior to the use of the lamps in dimming settings.

The reason for this burn in period is that certain physical and chemical processes in the lamp need to stabilize in the lamp. The processes are guaranteed to stabilize at higher temperatures.

If the burn in process is not adhered to, the risk of the lamp being affected negatively is extremely limited. If in the case of a technical issue in an installation the route cause is that the lamps where not burned in the Philips warranty is still applicable and we will offer our service to check what is the root cause of early failure.

Burn-in processes of fluorescent lamps

Activation of the emitter – electrode system. During fluorescent lamp production a breakdown process for the emitter on the electrodes is necessary which produces Barium Oxide. After this reaction is complete, another chemical reaction is necessary whereby atomic Barium is released and transported to the surface of the emitter. The reaction takes place at the surface of the electrode tungsten wire, below the emitter coating. Once enough atomic Ba has reached the outer surface of the emitter, the electrode is ready for its work. This last reaction continues over the life of the lamp and electrode. When the reaction has started for the first time in a new lamp, it takes a significant time until the first coverage of Ba on the emitter surface. This process needs a high emitter and coil temperature which is only possible when the lamp operates at the 100% rated discharge current with a hot spot on the electrode where a temperature of about 1900K is reached. Settling of Mercury condensation. The Mercury dosed during lamp production process has to evaporate before it will condense on its final location. This ‘cold-spot’ location varies between the different lamp types: at the remote corner of CFL lamps; behind one of the electrodes of T5 lamps or at the bottom of the wall of a T8 tube. In case of amalgam lamps the equilibrium in the Mercury distribution has to be found. These evaporation/condensation processes take many hours depending on the operating temperature, and only then we talk about stable lamps resulting in the specified light output performance.

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Note: During dimming these two processes hardly run because of the low electrode and tube temperatures. This is why it is recommended to run lamps for at least 24 hours at full light output so that performance of the lamps will meet the expectations.

Figure 142: An electrode for low pressure discharge lamps, consisting of 2 lead wires and a tungsten electrode coil which is covered by (white) emitter.

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Appendix I: practical activity

Project Device Type.

Box No.

Ch # Channel Name Area Name Area # Logical Ch # Dup/Sw

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Project Device Type.

Box No.

Ch # Channel Name Area Name Area # Logical Ch # Dup/Sw

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

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Contacts Further Reference: www.philips.com/dynalite

Technical Assistance: support.controls@philips.com

Training Enquiries: training@dynalite-online.com

System Designer Course version 1.5.1 March 2014

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