System Design ReviewP15418

B9 Better Water Maker

Jason AndrewsTyler BurnsMax McMahonNicolas ReginelliTyler SchmidtAnna Sementilli

Agenda● Problem Definition Review● Functional Decomposition● Concept Generation● Benchmarking/Pugh Analysis● Top Concepts

● System Architecture● Feasability● Test Plan● Specs

● Risk Assessment● Project Plan

Problem StatementB9 Plastics has developed a water treatment system to be used in developing areas with little to no access to clean water.

Current System:• UV light kills organisms in

water

• UV light and water pump currently powered by hand crank

• The complete system costs about $200 in lots of 1000

• The hand crank power generator has proven difficult to operate for women and children

Goals:• Create a cheaper system

• Require less effort to

operate

• More usable for women and children

Constraints: • Same UV lamp, flow rate,

and distance between the flowing water and lamp

• The lamp must be powered for 10 seconds before the pump runs

• Mobile and lightweight to

allow for easy storage in a home

Customer RequirementsLightweightSmall sizeLow costGenerate powerEasier to operateIntuitive or function can be shown with pictures and diagramsPower system must last at least as long as the UV bulbSafeDurableElectrical system protection

Engineering Requirements• Power generation of 17W per current pump and UV bulb set up• Cost less than $200 for full system • Maintain 0.5 gpm flow rate• Protect against 20V,10A surge• Instructional documentation with pictures• Can be installed by one average middle school aged child in 10

minutes or less• Can be dropped from 8’ and maintain functionality• Product should pass requirements outlined by the Consumer

Product Safety Commission

Functional Decomposition

Why?

How?

Concept Generation1. Bike Pedal power system2. Treadle Pump3. Hand Crank4. Solar power5. Wind power6. Hydro Power7. Solar/Mech Combo8. Nuclear Power9. Geo Thermal10. Rowing Machine11. Cart with wheels generating power12. Peltier Cell13. Swing Set14. Jump Rope15. Soccer Ball16. Backpack harnessing energy17. Fuel Cell18. Wireless Power19. piezoelectric floors20. Steam Turbine

21. Lightning Rod22. Round about23. Battery24. Donkey25. Wood Furnace26. Massive Glass Pyramid 27. Tidal Power28. Trash refuse29. Hydrogen extraction from urine30. Microbial fuel cells31. Wind Belts32. Thermowave Power33. Split water into hydrogen34. Solar Tower Power Station35. Body Heat36. Methane emissions37. Microorganism Excrement 38. Kites Attached to Ocean-going Ships39. Reprocessed Coffee Grounds40. Dance Floor

41. French Press 42. Cheese Cloth Filter43. Cotton T Shirt Filter44. Charcoal Filter45. Spin Down Filter46. Metal Screen Filter47. Ceramic Filter48. Sand Filter49. Wave energy50. Biomass energy

Morph Chart

Pugh Analysis-Power System

Selection Criteria

Column1 Column2 Column3

Column5 Column9 Column10 Column11Cost   s + + - - -Ease of Use   s s + + + +Feasibility   s s + s s sEfficiency   + + - - + +Culturally Acceptable   - s s s s sWeight of Product   s - + + - -Product Life   s s s - s sEase of Maintenance   s s + + s sPower Output   s s s - - sEase of Installation   s s + + s +

+   1 2 6 4 2 3-   1 1 1 4 3 2s   8 7 3 2 5 5

    0 1 5 0 -1 1

Pugh Analysis-Power System

Selection Criteria

Hand Crank Foot Pedal Treadle Pump

PV

Soccerball Swing Wagon/kartCost s s s   - - -Ease of Use - - -   - - -Efficiency + + +   - - +Feasibility s s s   s s sCulturally Acceptable s s s   + s sWeight of Product + - s   + + +Product Life s s s   s s -Ease of Maintenance s s s   s s sPower Output - - +   - - -Ease of Installation + + -   + + s

+ 3 3 2  3 2 2- 2 3 2  4 4 4s 5 5 6  3 4 4

  1 0 0   -1 -2 -2

Pugh Analysis-Filter

Selection Criteria

Column1

Column2 Column3

Column4 Column5

Column6

Cost   - - - - sEase of Use   - s s s sEfficiency   + + - - -Feasibility   - - - - -Product Life   + + + + +Ease of Maintenance   - s s s sEase of Installation   - s s s sFlow Rate   s s s - -

+   2 2 1 1 1-   5 2 3 4 3s   1 4 4 3 4

  0 -3 0 -2 -3 -2

Pugh Analysis-FilterSelection Criteria

Column2

Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6 Column7

Cost + -   + + +Ease of Use + s   + + +Efficiency + +   - - -Feasibility + s   s s sProduct Life - s   s + sEase of Maintenance s -   s s sEase of Installation + s   + + +Flow Rate - +   - - -

+ 5 2  3 4 3- 2 2  2 2 2s 1 4  3 2 3

  3 0   1 3 2

System Architecture - Solar

System Architecture- Treadle Pump

Solar Introduction

Approximate Cost● Open-circuit voltage = 0.6V/cell● Short-circuit current = 7.5A/cell● Power output = 4.5 watts● Voltage required = 12V● # of cells needed = 20 (minimum)● Power generated with 20 cells = 90 watts● For 1000 cells, cost = $0.35/watt● 90 watts X $0.35/watt = $31.50/solar array

o Does not include cost of framing

Solar FeasibilityThe chart shows the average monthly Solar Insolation (Beam and Diffuse) .The chart also gives calculations with respect to the tilt angle of the solar collector. Assume: South facing collector, Clear SkyExampleHaiti has a Latitude of approx 18.5 degrees N (Insolation values based off of 20 degree N Latitude)The estimated size of our solar array is 2’x3’, giving us an area of 6ft² or 0.557 m².Looking at the chart under January, for a tilt angle of 20 degrees at 8 am, we have a solar insolation value of 418 W/m².To find out how many watts are available at this time, we multiply our insolation value by our area. (418 W/m² X 0.557 m²)=232.826W.That seems like a great number, but remember, solar panels do not operate at 100% efficiency, they are in fact rather inefficient, running at about 15-20% efficiency on average.If we take our Power value and multiply it by the efficiency, we get 232.826 W X 0.15=34.92W

Solar Feasibility Continued

From chart, we can see how many kWh/day are produced on monthly average for each tilt angle.

Example Looking at January at a tilt angle of 20 degrees, we have 7.08kWh/dayIf we multiply this number by our area and efficiency, we get (7.08kWh/day X 0.557m² X 0.15)= 591.534 W*h/day.

Due to the excess Power that will be generated throughout the day, a battery could be added to capture the excess power.

Test Plan- Solar● Measure open circuit voltage

o Remove load from the circuit path of the panelso Angle panel towards the suno Measure voltage between the + and - terminals using

a multimeter● Measure short circuit current

o Remove load from the circuit path of the panelso Connect multimeter in series with the panels and set

to measure Amps.o Place panels in the after the multimeter has been

connected● Set-up an artificial light array to measure power output in

a controlled environment

Solar Power Pros

● Little to no physical effort required to harness energy

● Durability● Can output more power than needed

→ can use extra power to charge cellphones

● With little effort required to harness energy, could use system as a business to charge cell phones or sell improved drinking water

● Solar energy is abundant in developing countries

● With little effort required, users more likely to keep using product

● Easy to learn and use for new users

Cons● Repair could be difficult if a solar

cell is damaged● If poor weather conditions, system

will not harvest as much power● Cannot operate at night, would need

a battery to store energy generated in the day

● Potential target for theft

Specs-SolarEngineering Rqmt. # Importance Description Units Target Goal Predicted Value

ER1 9 Cost USD  < $200 $195

ER2 9 Power Generated V/W 12V/17 W 12V/90W

ER3 1  Shipping Size ft^3  TBD 3.5 ft^3 

ER4 3Average (of 10) Training Time for a middle school honors student min <30min

15 min

ER5 3

Average (of 10) Installation time for a middle school honors student min <120 min

90 min

ER6 9 Flow Rate gpm .5 gpm .5 gpm

ER7 9

Average (of 10) Effort Required for a middle school honors student Calories/Gallon TBD 

0

ER8 9

Average (of 10) Group size of installers required for a middle school honors student Number of People 1

1

ER9 9 Unit Life Years  2 yr 2 yr (limited by lamp)

ER10 9 Factor of Safety Meets CPSC for

consumer electronics YesYes

ER11 9 Manual With pictures Yes/No  Yes Yes

ER12 9 Electrical Protection Volts & AmpsFunctional after 20V and

10A surgeFunctional after 20V and

10A surge

Treadle Introduction Eagle Scout Project - How Treadles Work - $50 total cost

Design Specifications

Test Plan - Treadle

• Measure Installation and Training Time• Volunteer• Time required

• Measure Effort Required• Heart rate, respiratory rate

• Measure Power Output, Flow Rate• Flow meter• Voltmeter

Treadle SystemPros

● Not Restricted to daylight or weather conditions

● Easy to use● Inexpensive● Requires less effort than current

model● Could be used by men, women and

children● Culturally Compatible

Cons● Greater risk of part failure due to

wear● More repair could be needed● Increased setup time● Difficult to set up without training

Specs-TreadleEngineering Rqmt. # Importance Description Units Target Goal Predicted Value

ER1 9 Cost USD  < $200 $199

ER2 9 Power Generated V/W 12V/17 W 12V/30W

ER3 1  Shipping Size ft^3  TBD 5 ft^3 

ER4 3Average (of 10) Training Time for a middle school honors student min <30min

15 min

ER5 3

Average (of 10) Installation time for a middle school honors student min <120 min

120 min

ER6 9 Flow Rate gpm .5 gpm .5 gpm

ER7 9

Average (of 10) Effort Required for a middle school honors student Calories/Gallon TBD 

100

ER8 9

Average (of 10) Group size of installers required for a middle school honors student Number of People 1

2

ER9 9 Unit Life Years  2 yr 2 yr (limited by lamp)

ER10 9 Factor of Safety Meets CPSC for

consumer electronics YesYes

ER11 9 Manual With pictures Yes/No  Yes Yes

ER12 9 Electrical Protection Volts & AmpsFunctional after 20V and

10A surgeFunctional after 20V and

10A surge

Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment Cont.

Risk Projections

Phase II Project Plan Overview

Major Milestones

Customer Approval’s are helpful to mitigate risk that customer will change mind throughout project.

By critiquing the concepts and beginning to determine specs, we are mitigating the product material lifespan and performance risks.

Projected Phase III Plan

Questions?

ResourcesMasters, Gilbert M. Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. Print.

Concept SelectionTeam met together and brainstormed many concepts for system Concepts were broken down into two major areas, generating power and filtration.-Next we quickly ruled out some of the obvious concepts that were unrealistic-From here we started a Pugh Chart Analysis, evaluating each concept against a datum and a set of criteria.-For each criteria category, the selected concept could get a rating of +,- or S. The concept received a “+” if it satisfied the criteria category better than the datum, a “-“ if it didn’t satisfy the criteria as well as the datum, and an “s” if the criteria was the satisfied equally compared to the datum

THIS IS A DESCRIPTION OF THE HAMMER. SAVE YOUR TIME FOR DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTING BUILDING