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A.E.L.S./U.S.A.
Serving America’s Adult Learners in 2012
Celebrating 46 Years of the Adult Education and Literacy System (AELS) of the United States of America\
Our Nation’s Third Branch of Public Education
1966 2012
Constructing Pathways and Bridges to 21st Century Opportunities
Tom StichtInternational Consultant in Adult Education
Workforce Development Beyond the National Workplace Literacy Program (NWLP)
Constructing Pathways and Bridges to 21st Century Opportunities
9:00-10:30am: Part 1-A: Contemporary Issues Calling Renewed Attention to FCE and Workforce Development; Part 1-B: Evidence for FCE From Professional Wisdom
10:30-10:45am: Break
10:45-12:00pm: Part 2: Scientific Research Underpinning Career Pathways Education
12:00-12:30pm Lunch
12:30-1:45pm Part 3: Workforce Development Beyond the National Workplace Literacy Program (NWLP)
1:45-2:00: Break
2:00-3:30pm Part 4: Contemporary Projects on Contextualizing and Integrating Program Design and Engaging Employers and Employees
Constructing Pathways and Bridges to 21st Century Opportunities
Workshop Schedule
"The workplace literacy movement evolved directly from Thomas Sticht's analysis of literacy demands in the military which found that using job-specific materials improved job performance more than using general academic materials....In a functional context-oriented program, instructional materials are drawn from actual work materials."---Mark Kutner, Renee Sherman & Lenore Webb (1991, May). A Review of the National Workplace Literacy Program. Report prepared for the U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: Pelavin Associates, pp. 14,22.
U. S. Department of EducationOffice of Vocational and Adult EducationDivision of Adult Education and Literacy
Washington, DC 20202-7240May 1992
FLIT XFSP COY National Workplace Literacy Program (NWLP)1967-76 1983-
86 1988-921983-87
$60 million 1988-92
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy Leading to the National Workplace Literacy Program
>>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education, certification/credentialing, training, and employment
>>Mismatches of education/skill demands of America’s jobs and the supply of education/skill levels of the workforce
Upward Economic Mobility: Social and Economic Issues Driving Calls for Changes to the Adult Education Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in economic mobility
>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy >Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
Workforce Development Beyond the National Workplace Literacy Program (NWLP)
International Economic Inequality
The Gini coefficient, a standard measure of income inequality that ranges from 0 (when everybody has identical incomes) to 1 (when all income goes to only one person), stood at an average of 0.29 in OECD countries in the mid-1980s. By the late 2000s, however, it had increased by almost 10% to 0.316.
Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD)
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in Economic Mobility
Upward Economic Mobility
Rising income inequality
-Creates economic, social and political challenges. It can stifle upward social mobility, making it harder for talented and hard-working people to get the rewards they deserve.
-
Upward Economic Mobility
Rising income inequality
-Creates economic, social and political challenges. It can stifle upward social mobility, making it harder for talented and hard-working people to get the rewards they deserve.
-Intergenerational earnings mobility is low in countries with highInequality.
.
Upward Economic Mobility
Rising income inequality
-Creates economic, social and political challenges. It can stifle upward social mobility, making it harder for talented and hard-working people to get the rewards they deserve.
-Intergenerational earnings mobility is low in countries with highInequality.
-Inequality raises political challenges because it breeds social resentment and generates political instability. People will no longer support open trade and free markets if they feel that they are losing out while a small group of winners is getting richer and richer.
Upward Economic Mobility
>>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
>>Mismatches of education/skill demands of America’s jobs and the supply of education/skill levels of the workforce
Some Contemporary Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in economic mobility
>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy >Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
Upward Economic Mobility
Education Gap Grows Between Rich and Poor, Studies SayBy Sabrina TavernisePublished: February 9, 2012
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy
Upward Economic Mobility
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy
Upward Economic Mobility
1999
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy
Upward Economic Mobility
>>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
>>Mismatches of education/skill demands of America’s jobs and the supply of education/skill levels of the workforce
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Literacy System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in economic mobility
>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy
>Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
Upward Economic Mobility
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
Upward Economic Mobility
>>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
>>Mismatches of education/skill demands of America’s jobs and the supply of education/skill levels of the workforce
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in economic mobility
>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy >Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
Upward Economic Mobility
Anthony “Tony” Carnevale
1966 2012
Increase in Education Demands of Jobs
>>Mismatches of Education/Skill Demands of America’s Jobs and the Supply of Education/Skill Levels of the Workforce
Upward Economic Mobility
>>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
>>Mismatches of education/skill demands of America’s jobs and the supply of education/skill levels of the workforce
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Literacy System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in economic mobility
>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy >Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
Upward Economic Mobility
Stephen Reder on going beyond the GED in 2007
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System >>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
Upward Economic Mobility
Stephen Reder on going beyond the GED in 2007
HSD
GED GED
HSD
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System >>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
Upward Economic Mobility
Stephen Reder on going beyond the GED in 2007
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Workforce Development System >>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
Upward Economic Mobility
Stephen Reder on going beyond the GED in 2007
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Literacy System >>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
Upward Economic Mobility
Stephen Reder on going beyond the GED in 2007
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Literacy System >>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
Upward Economic Mobility
>>Limitations in GED transitions to postsecondary education
>>Mismatches of education/skill demands of America’s jobs and the supply of education/skill levels of the workforce
Social and Economic Issues Driving Changes to the Adult Education and Literacy System
>>Global Competitiveness of the U. S. Workforce>Inequality in economic mobility
>Inequality in the intergenerational transfer of literacy
>Inequality in the intergenerational growth in postsecondary attainment
ADULT EDUCATION INITIATIVES TO
REDUCE INEQUALITIES AND
IMPROVE WORKFORCE
COMPETITIVENESS USING
CONTEXTUALIZED INSTRUCTION IN
CAREER PATHWAYS AND BRIDGES FROM
ABE/ASE TO POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
Upward Economic Mobility
2012
U. S. Department U. S. Department National Academies of Education of Labor of Science
President’s Council of Economic Advisors
Contextualized Teaching and Learning Recommended by:
Upward Economic Mobility
June 1991
1990-1992 Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills - SCANS
Tom Sticht
The Theory Behind Content-Based Instruction
Upward Economic Mobility
SCANS heard about FLIT and XFSP functional context education workplace literacy programs at first meeting and later called for “contextual” and integrated basic skills and job skills training for adult basic education.
Sticht, 1988/89
1992
Secretary of Labor’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS)
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy The Theory Behind Content-Based Instruction
June 1991
Upward Economic Mobility
Dr. Thomas G. Sticht, Technical Consultant
1990-93 Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy Disseminated to Fortune 500 Companies
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace LiteracyFor Transitioning New Hires Into Employment
Workplace Literacy for Helping Employees Meet New Demands of Workplace Change
Workplace Literacy forHelping EmployeesGain Upward Mobility in Their Employment
FCE Workplace Literacy Programs in Six Industries
(Developing Organizational Effectiveness Through Employee Development)
The United States Navy’s Academic Skills Program
for Upward Mobility and Career Advancement
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace LiteracyFor Transitioning New Hires Into Employment
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace LiteracyFor Transitioning New Hires Into Employment
Upward Economic Mobility
Problem: Study of six industries in Chicago area found some 30-50 percent were lacking or weak in basic English, literacy, or mathematics skills needed to work in new Total Quality Management (TQM) environment.
Workplace Literacy for Helping Employees Meet New Demands of Workplace Change
FCE Workplace Literacy Programs in Six Industries
(Developing Organizational Effectiveness Through Employee Development)
Upward Economic Mobility
Approach: Workplace education programs were implemented that integrated work-related skills with language, literacy, or mathematics skills.
Each industry training site established an Employee/Employer Basic Skills Committee to make joint decisions on program design and implementation; a Site Coordinator was appointed; industry personnel worked with adult educators from a local government skills center who developed and delivered the program.
Linda Mrowicki
Sarah Newcomb
Workplace Literacy for Helping Employees Meet New Demands of Workplace Change
FCE Workplace Literacy Programs in Six Industries
(Developing Organizational Effectiveness Through Employee Development)
Upward Economic Mobility
Percent correct on job-related ESL /Literacy Tests
Workplace Literacy for Helping Employees Meet New Demands of Workplace Change
FCE Workplace Literacy Programs in Six Industries
(Developing Organizational Effectiveness Through Employee Development)
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace Literacy for Helping Employees Meet New Demands of Workplace Change
FCE Workplace Literacy Programs in Six Industries
(Developing Organizational Effectiveness Through Employee Development)
Outcomes:
Reports of interviews with employers
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace Literacy for Helping Employees Meet New Demands of Workplace Change
FCE Workplace Literacy Programs in Six Industries
(Developing Organizational Effectiveness Through Employee Development)
Outcomes:
Reports of interviews with employees
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace Literacy forHelping EmployeesGain Upward Mobility in Their Employment
The United States Navy’s Academic Skills Program
for Upward Mobility and Career Advancement
Teaching Navy Workplace Literacy in World War II 1945
2006
Upward Economic Mobility
Workplace Literacy forHelping EmployeesGain Upward Mobility in Their Employment
The United States Navy’s Academic Skills Program
for Upward Mobility and Career Advancement
Teaching Navy Workplace Literacy in World War II 1945
2006
Upward Economic Mobility
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
WorkFORCE Education and Training
WorkPLACE Education and Training
1991
1991
Basic Skills at Work Programme United Kingdom 1991-1996
Workplace Literacy 1996
1991
1999
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
26th February 1999
We met with Dr Thomas Sticht, a leading researcher on adult basic skills in the United States. …and we were also helped by a discussion with Baroness Blackstone, the Minister for Further and Higher Education, at a Basic Skills Agency Board Meeting.
Basic Skills at Work Programme United Kingdom 1991-1996
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
Cast-off Youth Book Cited in BSA paper for Lord Moser Group-1998-99
Skills for Life Strategy Adopts Embedded Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
©Crown Copyright 2007
©Crown Copyright 2007
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
In Sectoral Studies, the UK’s Skills for Life Strategy Embedded (Integrated) Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
In Sectoral Studies, the UK’s Skills for Life Strategy Embedded (Integrated) Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
2006
©Crown Copyright 2007
©Crown Copyright 2007
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
In Sectoral Studies, the UK’s Skills for Life Strategy Embedded (Integrated) Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
Learning Outcomes
©Crown Copyright 2007
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
In Sectoral Studies, the UK’s Skills for Life Strategy Embedded (Integrated) Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
Learner Perspectives
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
In Sectoral Studies, the UK’s Skills for Life Strategy Embedded (Integrated) Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
In Sectoral Studies, the UK’s Skills for Life Strategy Embedded (Integrated) Basic Skills and Vocational Skills Education
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
A.E.L.S./U.S.A.
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
23 of 34 colleges engaged - 31 programs approved
More than 400 learners enrolled Occupation clusters include:
automotive technology business technology trades and manufacturing early childhood education health care corrections Transportation
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
I-BEST Learners Learned ESLReading and Listening in the Functional Context of Workforce Training But Performed as Well on CASAS General Reading and Listening Assessments as Did ESL Learners in General Basic Skills Programs
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy in Scientific Perspective
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
Reading
Mathematics
Functional Context Education and Workforce Literacy
Mathematics
Reading
Workforce Preparation in the Health Occupations
Functional Context Education and Workforce Literacy
Functional Context Education and Workforce Literacy
Mathematics
Functional Context Education and Workforce Literacy
Reading
Mathematics
Workforce Preparation in the Construction Trades
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
Functional Context Education and Workplace Literacy
2000
In 2000 Stephen Reder Argued That Preparation for Postsecondary Education Should be the New Goal for the Adult Education and Literacy System
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
2000
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
2000
Stephen Reder on Functional Context Education in 2000
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
John and Suanne Roueche
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY: RETHINKING THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL EDUCATION IN COMMUNITY COLLEGE Thomas Bailey, Director Community College Research Center Teachers College, Columbia University November 2008
Contextualization of developmental education is another way to engage students and to allow them to make progress in their areas of interest while they are still in remedial classes. And there is some research that suggests that teaching to adults is more effective when it is linked to meaningful applications (Rubenson & Schutze, 1995; Sticht, 1995). Similar conclusions have been reached about adolescents—that connecting literacy instruction to content areas is advantageous (Conley, 2008).
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
THEWORKING POOR FAMILIES PROJECT Policy Brief Winter 2008-2009POLICY BRIEF _ WINTER 2008-2009IMPROVING STUDENT SUCCESS BYSTRENGTHENING DEVELOPMENTAL EDUCATION IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES:THE ROLE OF STATE POLICYDerek V. Price and Brandon Roberts
Improving developmental education at community colleges is a critical part of a national solution to enhance the skills and credentials of workers to meet the demands of the 21st century labor market. State policymakers who want to stimulate and support improvements in developmental education should consider (among other things) new ways of contextualizing curriculum by integrating academic skills with occupational programs:
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
THEWORKING POOR FAMILIES PROJECT Policy Brief Winter 2008-2009POLICY BRIEF _ WINTER 2008-2009IMPROVING STUDENT SUCCESS BYSTRENGTHENING DEVELOPMENTAL EDUCATION IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES:THE ROLE OF STATE POLICYDerek V. Price and Brandon Roberts
CONTEXTUALIZATION: Researchers and practitioners are beginning to understand that combining academic course work with applied subject matter such as occupational material can more effectively engage students.
The best contextualized practices combine the blending of basic skills and practical content with new teaching practices (such as case studies, project-based learning, and other student centered practices), and regularly assess on how
knowledge is applied and skills are transferred. These approaches can help colleges more effectively transition low-skilled adults into certificate and degree programs.
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
February 2010 Supportive interventions are
designed to support students as they transition to postsecondary education and complete their degrees or certificate programs. Examples include academic and financial advising, personal and career counseling, freshman orientation programs, and assistance with transportation and child care.
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
Policy interventions are designed to increase access to postsecondary education for nontraditional students. Examples include financial aid for low-income students ineligible for traditional financial aid and performance based funding.
February 2010
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
Academic preparation interventions are designed to teach the content and skills needed to transition to and succeed in postsecondary education. Examples include curriculum andinstructional methods, such as integrated instruction, which pairs vocational instructors with adult basic or English literacy instructors, and contextualized curricula, which combine academic and vocational content.
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
February 2010
(1) strategies that help students avoid developmentaleducation by shoring up their skills before they enter college;
(2) interventions that accelerate students’ progress through developmental education by shortening the timing or content of their courses;
(3) programs that provide contextualized basic skills together with occupational or college-content coursework; and
(4) programs that enhance the supports for developmental level learners, such as advising or tutoring.
This analysis focuses on four different types of interventions for improving students’ progress through remedial education and into college-level courses, including
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
June 2011
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
April 2012
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
Related FCE Principles
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
Related FCE Principle
Functional Context Education and Workforce DevelopmentJob training alignment, career pathways, postsecondary transitions
Goal 4
Goal 1
Goal 2
Goal 3
Postsecondary Pathway
Bridge
Bridge
Bridge
ESL
ABE
ASE
College
Entry
Exit
Teaching the future in the present
Pathway From ESL/ABE to Postsecondary Education
FCE PrinciplesFor ESL/ABE and Postsecondary Education Alignment
Developmental Education Bridge
Constructing Pathways and Bridges to 21st Century Opportunities
Coming Up Next
1:45-2:00: Break
Followed By:
2:00-3:30pm Part 4: Contemporary Projects on Contextualizing and Integrating Program Design and Engaging Employers and Employees
Constructing Pathways and Bridges to 21st Century Opportunities
Workshop Schedule