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Synthesis Gas UtilizationThe Fischer-Tropsch Process
Julius Pretorius, PhD, PChemEnvironment and Carbon ManagementAlberta Innovates Technology Futures
Julius Pretorius, PhD, PChemEnvironment and Carbon ManagementAlberta Innovates Technology Futures
Seminar & Tour - Edmonton Waste Management Centre October 5, 2011Co-presented by the Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence
Sponsored by Alberta Plastics Recycling Association, The Canadian Plastics Industry Association, and the American Chemistry Council
in conjunction with the annual conference of the Recycling Council of Alberta
Syngas generation i.e. Gasification
Syngas, a powerful reagent
Syngas to Liquids
Conclusions
Questions
Outline
Syngas generation i.e. Gasification
Syngas, a powerful reagent
Syngas to Liquids
Conclusions
Questions
Gasification
C + H2O -> CO + H2
C + 0.5O2 -> CO
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
CO + 3H2 -> CH4 + 2H2O
But also…
Chemistry…Carbon source
Carbon source
Bunker
Feeder
Lock
WaterOxygen
Quenchliquor
Quenchcooler But also…
H2S, COS, R-SH, R-S-S-R’,
HCN, NH3
Tars, volatile metals
Collings, 2002
Oxygen
Rotating grate
Ash sluiceway
Quenchcooler
Crudegas
Steam and
oxygenAsh lock
Power Generation
Gas Turbine
IC Engine
Fuel Cells
Refining
Transportation fuels
Methanol
Boiler
HydrogenOxygenates
Wax
Diesel
Gasoline
Naphtha
H2+CO
Higher Alcohols
Fischer-Tropsch
Syngas as building block
Transportation fuels
Fuel Cells
Chemicals
FertilizersFormaldehyde
Methyl Acetate
Acetic Acid
DME
Acetic anhydride
VAM
PVA
Ketene
Diketene
Acetic esters
Gasoline
Olefins
What is “Fischer-Tropsch”?
Catalytically mediated chemical process that….
…converts carbonaceous material
Coal
Biomass
Methane
MSW
alkanes
H2 + CO
…via “synthesis gas” (syngas)
alkanes
alkenes
oxygenates
…into hydrocarbon products
Elements of “Fischer-Tropsch”
Bartholomew and Hecker, 2009
Pressure
Low TemperatureLTFT
Conditions
20 – 40 bar (290 – 580 psi)
H2 /CO
1.0 – 2.2
TemperatureLow Temperature
LTFT
High TemperatureHTFT
1. 220oC – 240oC
2. 300oC – 350oC
Catalysts
Low Temperature FT
ReactorsFixed bed
Slurry
High Temperature FT
ReactorsCirculating Fluidized Bed
Fixed Fluidized Bed
ReactorsFixed bed
Slurry
CatalystsPrecipitated FeSupported Co
H2/COPrecipitated Fe: 1 - 1.5Supported Co: 2 – 2.2
ReactorsCirculating Fluidized Bed
Fixed Fluidized Bed
CatalystsFused Fe
H2/CO1.5
De Klerk, 2009
Steynberg and Dry, 2004
LT-FT Refinery: Chemicals
De Klerk, 2008
LT-FT Refinery: Diesel
Steynberg and Dry, 2004
Research and Development needs
Start
Composition
Activation
ChangeActivation
Procedure?
IPposition
OK?
No
Yes
Yes
NoYes
IPposition
OK?
No YesNo
Research framework…
Reactorconditions
Does itlast?
ChangeReactor
Conditions?Yes
Yes
No
Yes
QEDSelectivityOK?
ActivityOK?
No
Yes
IPposition
OK?
IPposition
OK?
Yes
Syngas, a powerful reagent
FT is versatile, mitigates economic risk
Research needs in FT catalyst improvement
Conclusions
Syngas, a powerful reagent
FT is versatile, mitigates economic risk
Research needs in FT catalyst improvement
Thank you!
Questions?
Thank you!
Questions?