Synopsis 14JAN

8/3/2019 Synopsis 14JAN

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CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T

ABSTRACT

As the world is ushering into the new era where prime focus is given to technology and

where time and speed are becoming important criteria to evaluate the performance of an

individual, in such a scenario it becomes prerequisite to equip the students with new

technology to solve common day to day problems.

Our project CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T acts as a technological tool aiming to bridge

the student teacher communication gap, instigating awareness and knowledge among

students through the most popular medium i.e. the Internet. The project provides a platform

to students to genuinely explore their potential and caliber. CONNECTING MBSCET is

an open discussion forum where each individual of college is free to put forward his genuine

opinions, clarify their doubts, know about the schedule of concerning teachers and have

firsthand knowledge about recent notices etc.

The project is designed to cover different aspects of students curriculum which not only

confine to the pages of his book but also put forward various opportunities that open up the

doors of technology to place him in a strong competent position in the demanding market of

the existing scenario.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING Page 1


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

"NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION"

The foundation to every new project arises from a problem, which appears to be unsolved by

the available resources of the existing system. This leads either to the development of a new

technology or modification of the existing technology that could enhance the efficiency of

available resources in the system. Our project "CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T" is a

"NETWORKING FORUM" that provides a platform to the solution of various problems

encountered by students, faculty members and higher administrative personnels of the

college.

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION:

Some of the problems that laid a foundation stone to our project are mentioned as under:

TEACHER-STUDENT COMMUNICATION GAP:In the busy schedule of the college, students and teachers hardly find some space outside the

walls of the classroom with one lecture following another. It is very difficult for a student to

approach a teacher without sacrificing his lectures. This leads to a complete loss of his

precious lectures, ultimately affecting his attendance too. There exists no mechanism to



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bridge this gap. This is the major problem which a student faces from the very first day of his

college life.

IMPROPER ANNNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM:

The announcement system of the college is inefficient to provide all the announcements to

each and every student in a short duration of time. These include announcements from

H.O.Ds of various departments, placement cell, faculty members, administration block etc.

The announcement system of college is not equipped with the latest technology and is still

following the traditional notice board system which is nowadays, generally being ignored by

students. In this technical scenario, students prefer faster and electronic way to receive latest

information.

IMPROPER CHANNEL FOR PROVIDING SUDDEN NOTICES:

There is no such mechanism available in the college to provide information to sudden notice,

which sometimes leads to the state of confusion not only among students but also among

teachers. The sudden notices include information regarding whether college is closed due to

some uncertain reasons, or whether the exam would be conducted on that day or not.

NO TECHNICAL INTERACTIONS

The teacher-student interaction is confined to class rooms only, where discussions are based

on the subjective topics. There is no such discussion regarding the latest technology in the

market, about the recent developments in technical world and in the social world too. Such

kind of discussions proves veryvaluable to explore the social cum technical knowledge of

student.

NO PROVISION TO EXPLORE THE CALIBRE OF STUDENT:There are basically two types of students: one logically sound and the other theoretically

strong. One who is theoretically strong can be judged by his results but the one who is

logically sound sometimes fail to come out with the desired results and is not treated as an



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intelligent student. There is no such provision present to judge the actual caliber of the

student, which is very much important to be explored.

LACK OF FEEDBACK:

In the college there is absence of such a mechanism by which a student can give his opinion

on various ongoing activities. Sometimes college authorities wish to start some extra-activity

in the college and look forward for some feedback from students about its effectiveness and

know about the interest students possess towards that activity. But unfortunately at present

there is no such mechanism to get an appropriate feedback from students.

1.2 OBJECTIVES:

The above mentioned problems are very much important to be solved and our project

"CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T" proves to be very effective in solving some of these

problems. The main objectives of our project are as under:

BRIDGING THE TEACHER-STUDENT COMMUNICATION

GAP:

As explained in the problem section above, the gap the teacher and student have is very

important to be bridged. The project somehow helps to bridge this gap by providing a forum.

In the project both teacher and student have their individual profiles which are interlinked

with a communication mechanism. Here student can approach any of the faculty members,

put up his query and get his query answered whenever the teacher is available. This provides

a facility to student to approach his faculty after the college hours. Their interaction is not

confined to mere a short span of time they spend in college.

EFFECTIVE ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM:The announcement system that college presently follows is not that much effective (as

discussed in the problem section). The announcement system provided by this forum would

be very much effective and it possesses the ability to provide the student with each and every

notice issued by any of the department of the college at any point of time.



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PROVIDING SUDDEN NOTICES:

Sudden notices are always important to reach students within a short interval of time and

providing these sudden notices manually by means of telephones and e-mails is very much

difficult, time consuming and costly too. And also there may be a chance where certain

student may not receive the notice. This forum will provide an effective mechanism of

providing students with sudden notices within a very short span of time. This will help in

eliminating the state of confusion among the teachers and students as well.

GROUND FOR TECHNICAL CUM SOCIAL DVELOPMENT OF

STUDENT:

In this networking forum, students can approach their teachers after college hours by means

of Internet. Here discussions like the latest technologies in the market, latest happenings in

the technical cum social world will be hosted. With these types of discussions, teacher would

come to know about the technical as well as social knowledge of the student and also come

to know about the approach of a student towards a topic i.e. whether he is with a optimistic

or pessimistic attitude, and can guide him accordingly. The forum proves to be a flourishing

ground for both social and technical development of a student.

EXPLORING CALIBER OF STUDENTS

There are many problems that can be solved in a number of ways. Out of all these solutions

there exist a solution which is called the best solution according to the given situations and

circumstances. Teacher or student can put up any kind of problem in the forum and get to

know the best possible way to solve it. By which teachers comes to know about the real

caliber of student which previously remained hidden from the eyes of teacher. This would be

very effective in judging the exact potential of student. PATH FOR FEEDBACK:

Sometimes college authorities wish to start some activities in the college and they find

themselves in the state of dilemma as to what will be response of students and whether they

like it or not. So with the said forum college could discuss this with the students, get their



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feedback regarding concerned activity and can act accordingly. This feedback mechanism

would lead to various improvements in the ongoing as well as the upcoming activities in the

college.

USER CERTAINITY:

In our forum only students of the college are allowed to access it. Any other individual who

is not a part of the college cannot utilize the facilities provided by this forum. To make sure

the student accessing this forum is a college student we provide him with a Registration ID

and security code, which is very essential to be entered during his first time access.

NO CUSTOMIZATION:

In networking sites we are provided with a facility of customizing our friend lists, but here in

this forum we are not giving any kind of customization of lists. Every user here is a general

user and can interact to anyone.

PRIVACY:

Privacy is always a major question while accessing such kind of networking sites, here in our

networking forum we are not providing any kind of privacy to the users, because when

privacy occurs, misuse starts. To avoid any kind of misuse we eliminate privacy from the

forum. Any action a user performs will be made visible to all other users using the forum

including the faculty members as well as the higher administrative staff.

FULLY FLEDGED COLLEGE WEB STRUCTURE:

This networking forum acts as a cherry on the cake describing various aspects of college

infrastructure. It will provide an edge to the college among other colleges in the state because

it is first of its kind. And our college would be the only college that would have such kind of

networking forum in the entire northern region.

GENERATING A WILL AMONG STUDENTS TO USE IT:

This forum would be very much interactive and hence it would generate a will among

students to explore the resources and facilities provided by it. This would prove to be very

effective in creating a healthier technical cum social environment in the college.



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CHAPTER 2

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

This chapter involves a complete study of the resources required in the development of our

project. The requirements of any project can be broadly classified into the hardware

requirements and the software requirements. These requirements can be best understood

when a further classification is made depending on whether these are used on the developers

side or they are being used on the client side.

2.1 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

The requirements for our project can be further classified into the Hardware requirements as

well as Software requirements.

2.1.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Software Requirements can be broadly classified into Developer side software requirements

and Client side software requirements.

SOFTWARE

ENVIRONMENTSPECIFICATIONS

Operating System Microsofts Windows XP(with service pack 2 or

onwards)

IDE (Integrated development

environment)

Visual Studio 2008

(Professional Edition)



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DEVELOPERS SIDE

SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS

Database server SQL SERVER 2005

(Standard Edition)

Web Server IIS 6.0 or onwards

UML Diagrams MS Visio 2003 or

onwards

MS Office 2003 or onwards

Acrobat Reader 8.0 Onwards

CLIENTS SIDE

SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS

SOFTWARE

ENVIRONMENT

SPECIFICATION

Operating system Microsofts Windows XP

(with service pack 2 or

onwards)

MS Office 2003 or onwards

Acrobat Reader 8.0 Onwards

Browser Internet Explorer 6.0 or

onwards, Mozilla Firefox

(with minimum 800600

resolution and ActiveX

Control Enabled)

2.1.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Hardware Requirements can be broadly classified into Developer side software requirements

as well Client side software requirements.

HARDWARE TYPE SPECIFICATION



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DEVELOPERS SIDE

HARDWARE

REQUIREMENTS

Processor Pentium4-dual core or

onwards

RAM Minimum 1 GB

Hard Disk Minimum 20 GB

Monitor Monitor with a minimum

screen resolution of 800600

CLIENT SIDE

HARDWARE

REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE TYPE SPECIFICATION

Processor Any specification of Processor

RAM Minimum 512 MB

Hard Disk Minimum 10 GB

Monitor Monitor with a minimum

screen resolution of 800600

CHAPTER 3

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE PROJECT:

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET (FRONT END)

ASP.NET is the new offering for Web developers from the Microsoft .It is not simply the

next-generation of ASP; in fact, it is a completely re-engineered and enhanced technology

that offers much more than traditional ASP and can increase productivity significantly.

Because it has evolved from ASP, ASP.NET looks very similar to its predecessor but only at

first sight. Some items look very familiar, and they remind us of ASP. But concepts like Web



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Forms, Web Services, or Server Controls gives ASP.NET the power to build real Web

applications.

3.1.1 LOOKING BACK: ACTIVE SERVER PAGES (ASP)

Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting technology. ASP is a

technology that Microsoft created to ease the development of interactive Web applications.

With ASP one can use client-side scripts as well as server-side scripts. It can be to validate

user input or access a database. ASP provides solutions for transaction processing and

managing session state. ASP is one of the most successful languages used in web

development.

PROBLEMS WITH TRADITIONAL ASP

There are many problems with ASP when considering the need for today's powerful Web

applications.

INTERPRETED AND LOOSELY-TYPED CODE

ASP scripting code is usually written in languages such as JScript or VBScript. The script-

execution engine that Active Server Pages relies on interprets code line by line, every time

the page is called. In addition, although variables are supported, they are all loosely typed as

variants and bound to particular types only when the code is run. Both these factors impede

performance and late binding of types makes it harder to catch errors when you are writing

code.

MIXES LAYOUT (HTML) AND LOGIC (SCRIPTING CODE)

ASP files frequently combine script code with HTML. This results in ASP scripts that are

lengthy, difficult to read, and switch frequently between code and HTML. The interspersionof HTML with ASP code is particularly problematic for larger web applications, where

content must be kept separate from business logic.

LIMITED DEVELOPMENT AND DEBUGGING TOOLS

Microsoft Visual InterDev, Macromedia Visual UltraDev, and other tools have attempted to

increase the productivity of ASP programmers by providing graphical development



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environments. However, these tools never achieved the ease of use or the level of acceptance

achieved by Microsoft Windows application development tools, such as Visual Basic or

Microsoft Access. ASP developers still rely heavily or exclusively on Notepad.

Debugging is an unavoidable part of any software development process, and the debugging

tools for ASP have been minimal. Most ASP programmers resort to embedding temporary

Response.Write statements in their code to trace the progress of its execution.

NO REAL STATE MANAGEMENT

Session state is only maintained if the client browser supports cookies. Session state

information can only be held by using the ASP Session object. And one has to implement

additional code if one, for example, wants to identify a user.

UPDATE FILES ONLY WHEN SERVER IS DOWN

If Web application makes use of components, copying new files to other application should

only be done when the Web server is stopped. Otherwise it is like pulling the rug from under

the application's feet, because the components may be in use (and locked) and must be

registered.

OBSCURE CONFIGURATION SETTINGS

The configuration information for an ASP web application (such as session state and server

timeouts) is stored in the IIS metabase. Because the metabase is stored in a proprietary

format, it can only be modified on the server machine with utilities such as the Internet

Service Manager. With limited support for programmatically manipulating or extracting

these settings, it is often an arduous task to port an ASP application from one server to

another.

3.1.2 INTRODUCING ASP.NET

ASP.NET was developed in direct response to the problems that developers had with

classic ASP. Since ASP is in such wide use, however, Microsoft ensured that ASP scripts

execute without modification on a machine with the .NET Framework (the ASP engine,

ASP.DLL, is not modified when installing the .NET Framework). Thus, IIS can house both

ASP and ASP.NET scripts on the same machine.



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3.1.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF ASP.NET

SEPARATION OF CODE FROM HTML

In order to make a clean sweep; with ASP.NET we have the ability to completely separate

layout and business logic. This makes it much easier for teams of programmers and designers

to collaborate efficiently.

SUPPORT FOR COMPILED LANGUAGES

Developer can use VB.NET and access features such as strong typing and object-oriented

programming. Using compiled languages also means that ASP.NET pages do not suffer the

performance penalties associated with interpreted code. ASP.NET pages are precompiled to

byte-code and Just In Time (JIT) compiled when first requested. Subsequent requests are

directed to the fully compiled code, which is cached until the source changes.

USE SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE .NET FRAMEWORK

The .NET Framework provides class libraries that can be used by your application. Some of

the key classes help us with input/output, access to operating system services, data access, or

even debugging.

GRAPHICAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

Visual Studio .NET provides a very rich development environment for Web

developers. We can drag and drop controls and set properties. And we have full IntelliSense

support, not only for the code, but also for HTML and XML.

STATE MANAGEMENT

To refer to the problems mentioned before, ASP.NET provides solutions for session and

application state management. State information can, for example, be kept in memory or can

be stored in a database. It can be shared across Web forms, and state information can be

recovered, even if the server fails or the connection breaks down.

UPDATE FILES WHILE THE SERVER IS RUNNING

Components of the application can be updated while the server is online and clients are

connected. The Framework will use the new files as soon as they are copied to the



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application. Removed or old files that are still in use are kept in memory until the clients

have finished.

XML-BASED CONFIGURATION FILES

Configuration settings in ASP.NET are stored in XML files that can easily be read and

edited. We can also easily copy these to another server, along with the other files that

comprise the application.

3.1.2.2 ASP.NET OVERVIEW

Here are some points that give a quick overview ofASP.NET.

ASP.NET provides services to allow the creation, deployment, and execution of Web

Applications and Web Services

Like ASP, ASP.NET is a server-side technology

Web Applications are built using Web Forms. ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms

controls, which are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML

widgets like text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not fit needs, it is free to create our

own user controls.

Web Forms are designed to make building web-based applications as easy as building Visual

Basic applications.

3.1.3 ASP.NET ARCHITECTURE

ASP.NET is based on the fundamental architecture of .NET Framework. Visual Studio

provides a uniform way to combine the various features of this Architecture.



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Fig: ASP.NET Architecture

Architecture is explained form bottom to top in the following discussion.

At the bottom of the Architecture is Common Language Runtime. NET Framework

common language runtime resides on top of the operating system services. The common

language runtime loads and executes code that targets the runtime. This code is therefore

called Managed code. The runtime provides, for example, the ability for cross-languageintegration.

.NET Framework provides a rich set of class libraries. These include base classes, like

networking and input/output classes, a data class library for data access, and classes for use

by programming tools, such as debugging services. All of them are brought together by the

Services Framework, which sits on top of the common language runtime.

ADO.NET is Microsofts ActiveX Data Object (ADO) model for the .NET Framework.

ADO.NET is not simply the migration of the popular ADO model to the managed

environment but a completely new paradigm for data access and manipulation.

ADO.NET is intended specifically for developing web applications. This is evident from its

two major design principles:

Disconnected Datasets: In ADO.NET, almost all data manipulation is done outside

the context of an open database connection.



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Effortless Data Exchange with XML Datasets can converse in the universal data

format of the Web, namely XML.

The 4th layer of the framework consists of the Windows application model and, in parallel,

the Web application model. The Web application model-in the slide presented as ASP.NET-

includes Web Forms and Web Services. ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms controls,

which are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML widgets

like text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not fit your needs, you are free to create your

own user controls.

Web Services brings a model to bind different applications over the Internet. This model is

based on existing infrastructure and applications and is therefore standard-based, simple and

adaptable. Web Services are software solutions delivered via Internet to any device.

One of the obvious themes of .NET is unification and interoperability between various

programming languages. In order to achieve this; certain rules must be laid and all the

languages must follow these rules. In other words we cannot have languages running around

creating their own extensions and their own fancy new data types. CLS is the collection of

the rules and constraints that every language (that seeks to achieve .NET compatibility) must

follow.

The CLR and the .NET Frameworks in general, however, are designed in such a way that

code written in one language can not only seamlessly be used by another language. Hence

ASP.NET can be programmed in any of the .NET compatible language whether it is

VB.NET, C#, Managed C++ or JScript.NET.

3.1.3.1 EXECUTION PROCESS

We need to have a look at whats happening to the code in ASP.NET.



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COMPILATION, WHEN PAGE IS REQUESTED THE FIRST TIME

The first time a page is requested, the code is compiled. Compiling code in .NET means that

a compiler in a first step emits Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) and produces

metadata if you compile your source code to managed code. In a following step MSIL has to

be converted to native code.

MICROSOFT INTERMEDIATE LANGUAGE (MSIL)

Microsoft intermediate language is code in an assembly language like style. It is CPU

independent and therefore can be efficiently converted to native code. The conversion in turn

can be CPU-specific and optimized. The intermediate language provides a hardware

abstraction layer. MSIL is executed by the common language runtime.

COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME

The common language runtime contains just-in-time (JIT) compilers to convert the MSIL

into native code. This is done on the same computer architecture that the code should run on.

The runtime manages the code when it is compiled into MSIL the code is therefore called

managed code.

3.1.4 VERSIONS



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The ASP.NET releases history tightly correlates with the .NET Frameworkreleases:

3.1.5 ADDITIONAL FEATURES IN ASP.NET 2.0

New data controls (GridView, FormView, DetailsView)

New technique for declarative data access (SqlDataSource, ObjectDataSource,

XmlDataSource controls)

Navigation controls

Master pages

Login controls

Themes

Web parts

Personalization services

Full pre-compilation

Support for 64-bit processors


Date Version

January 16, 2002 1.0

April 24, 2003 1.1

November 7, 2005 2.0

November 21, 2006 3.0

November 19, 2007 3.5

August 11, 2008 3.5 Service Pack 1

April 12, 2010 4.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP_master_pageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP_master_pageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework


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Provider class model

3.2 INTRODUCTION TO C# (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE)

C# (pronounced C sharp) is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-

oriented programming language. C# is a multi-paradigm programming language

encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented

(class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by

Microsoft within its .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA (ECMA-334)

and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270). C# is one of the programming languages designed for the

Common Language Infrastructure

3.2.1 DESIGN GOALS IN C#

Following is the Standard list of design goals implemented in C#:

C# language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented

programming language.

The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering

principles such as strong type checking, array bounds checking, detection of attempts to use

uninitialized variables, and automatic garbage collection. Software robustness,

durability, and programmer productivity are important.

The language is intended for use in developing software components suitable for

deployment in distributed environments.

Source code portability is very important, as is programmer portability, especially for those

programmers already familiar with C and C++.

Support forinternationalization is very important.



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C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and embedded systems,

ranging from the very large that use sophisticated operating systems, down to the very small

having dedicated functions.

Although C# applications are intended to be economical with regard to memory and

processing power requirements, the language was not intended to compete directly on

performance and size with C, C++ or assembly language

3.2.2 WHY USE C# FOR .NET DEVELOPMENT

There are many reasons for making use of C# in ASP.NET. Some of them are listed below

OPERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

VB .NET is significantly different from Java in terms of syntax and structure. C# is based

on the Java/C++ syntax. VB .NET developers will have a steeper learning curve when

adopting Java than C# developers. For this reason C# lends itself better to being a secondary

language in a Java based organization.

The .NET CLR (Common Language Infrastructure) has been submitted to ECMA and

accepted. C# has the same status. C# is better protected than VB .NET to changes in

strategic direction.

C# is used within the companies to develop live applications.

Visual Studio 2005 comes with JLCA (Java Language Conversion Assistant) allowing Java

code to be ported to C#. There is no comparable tool for VB .NET.

C# provides the ability to work with C/C++ style pointers. This is rarely required and

should be avoided. The exception to this rule is some forms of interoperability with legacy

Microsoft code. VB .NET does not have this capability.



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C# supports Java style code documentation where definitions of properties and methods

are commented in such a way as to make the component interfaces self documenting. VB

.NET does not support this.

Visual Studio .NET itself was written using C#. Community support for C# is wider than

for VB both inside and outside Microsoft.

FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE

In terms of the cost of multi-skilled developers, the "C# & Java" SkillSet should be cheaper

than "VB & Java" due to the languages similarities. Not only does this relate to less training

but also a higher quality of code/output as the developer is more likely to be highly

competent in both languages.

The lack of case sensitivity in VB means that there can be no common coding standards

across Java/VB as there could be across Java/C#. This further increases the cost of cross

training and maintaining those skills.

The Internet is the first stop when a development problem is encountered, and here the

significantly larger online C# community reduces time required to resolve problems.

The greater industry-wide take up of C# (compared to VB) means that more developers are

available to recruit.

Most C# developers were previously Java or C/C++ developers, and most VB developers

come from a VB5/6 background. As a result the average C# developer will have more

background in object oriented design (and is more likely to be to be competent in Java also).

3.2.3 FEATURES OF C# THAT DISTINGUISHES IT FROM C AND C++

(AND JAVA)

It has no global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within

classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions.



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Local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++. Variable

shadowing is often considered confusing by C++ texts.

C# supports a strict Boolean data type, bool. Statements that take conditions, such as

while and if, require an expression of a type that implements the true operator, such as the

Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it can be freely converted to and from

integers, and expressions such as if (a) require only that a is convertible to bool, allowing a

to be an int, or a pointer. C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false" approach, on the

grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return exactly bool can prevent

certain types of common programming mistakes in C or C++ such as if (a = b) (use of

assignment = instead of equality ==).

In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as

unsafe, and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. Most object

access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object or

have the well-defined null value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a "dead" object

(one that has been garbage collected), or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer

can point to an instance of a value-type, array, string, or a block of memory allocated on a

stack. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the

System.IntPtr type, but it cannot dereference them.

Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected.

Garbage collection addresses the problem ofmemory leaks by freeing the programmer

of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed.

In addition to the try...catch construct to handle exceptions, C# has a try...finally construct

to guarantee execution of the code in the finally block.

Multiple inheritance is not supported, although a class can implement any number of

interfaces. This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid complication

and simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI.

C#, like C++, but unlike Java, supports operator overloading.



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C# is more type safe than C++. The only implicit conversions by default are those that

are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during

JIT, and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and

integers, or between enumeration members and integers (except for literal 0, which can be

implicitly converted to any enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be

explicitly marked as explicit or implicit, unlike C++ copy constructors and conversion

operators, which are both implicit by default. Starting with version 4.0, C# supports a

"dynamic" data type that enforces type checking at runtime only.

Enumeration members are placed in their own scope.

C# provides properties as syntactic sugar for a common pattern in which a pair of

methods, accessor (getter) and mutator (setter) encapsulate operations on a single

attribute of a class.

Full type reflection and discovery is available.

Checked exceptions are not present in C# (in contrast to Java). This has been a

conscious decision based on the issues of scalability.

3.2.4 CONCLUSION

The differences between VB. NET and C#, as standalone languages, are fairly minimal. C#

can do very few things that VB.NET cannot, and VB.NET provides a slightly easier

migration path for existing Microsoft VB developers.

However, in the context of Java being the primary language in the organization, C# is a

considerably better fit as a preferred .NET language.

3.3 INTRODUCTION TO SQL (BACK END)



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A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them

transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase,

paradox, IMS, SQL Server and SQL Server. These systems allow users to create, update and

extract information from their database.

A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people,

things and events. SQL Server stores each data item in its own fields. In SQL Server, the

fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a single

complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as raw or an occurrence).

Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same

field name.

3.3.1 SQL SERVER TABLES

SQL Server stores records relating to each other in a table. Different tables are created for

the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped together to form a database.

PRIMARY KEY

Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely identifies each

record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary Key, or simply the Key. The

primary key provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a table. It allows

the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the

database.

RELATIONAL DATABASE

SQL Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an employee to

the department in which they work is one example. This is what makes SQL Server a

relational database management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or more tables and



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enables you to define relationships between the tables and enables you to define relationships

between the tables.

FOREIGN KEY

When a field in one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a foreign

key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match those of

the primary key of another table

3.3.2 REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY

Not only does SQL Server allow us to link multiple tables, it also maintains consistency

between them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched is referred to

as maintaining referential integrity.

DATA ABSTRACTION:

A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the data.

This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. Data abstraction is

divided into three levels.

PHYSICAL LEVEL:

This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes how the data are actually

stored.

CONCEPTUAL LEVEL:

At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and what data are actually stored is

described and entries and relationship among them.

VIEW LEVEL:

This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the database.



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3.3.3 ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS

Redundancy can be avoided

Inconsistency can be eliminated

Data can be Shared

Standards can be enforced

Security restrictions can be applied

Integrity can be maintained

Conflicting requirements can be balanced

Data independence can be achieved.

3.3.4 DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS

A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to the cost of purchasing

of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the extensive

programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While centralization

reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires that the database be adequately backed

up so that in case of failure the data can be recovered.

3.3.5 FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS)

SQL SERVER is one of the leading database management systems (DBMS) because it is the

only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of todays most demanding

information systems. From complex decision support systems to the most rigorous online

transaction processing application, SQL Server leads the industry in both performance and

capability. SQL SERVER is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS that delivers

unmatched performance, continuous operation and support for every database.

SQL SERVER RDBMS is high performance fault tolerant DBMS which is specially

designed for online transactions processing and for handling large database application. SQL



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SERVER with transactions processing option offers features which contribute to very high

level of transaction processing throughput.

ENTERPRISE WIDE DATA SHARING

The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the SQL SERVER DBMS enables all the

systems in the organization to be linked into a singular, integrated computing resource

PORTABILITY

SQL SERVER is fully portable to more than 80 distinct hardware and operating systems

platforms, including UNIX, MSDOS, OS/2, Macintosh and dozens of proprietary platforms.

This portability gives complete freedom to choose the database server platform that meets

the system requirements.

OPEN SYSTEMS

SQL SERVER offers a leading implementation of industry standard SQL. SQL Servers

open architecture integrates SQL SERVER and NONSQL SERVER DBMS with industrys

most comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party software products SQL

Servers Open architecture provides transparent access to data from other relational database

and even non-relational database.

DISTRIBUTED DATA SHARING

SQL Servers networking and distributed database capabilities to access data stored on

remote server with the same ease as if the information was stored on a single local computer.A single SQL statement can access data at multiple sites. We can store data where system

requirements such as performance, security or availability dictate.

UNMATCHED PERFORMANCE



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The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the SQL SERVER DBMS to deliver

unmatched performance.

CHAPTER 4

FEASIBILITY STUDY

4.1 INTRODUCTION:



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The initial investigation in the development of the project points to the question whether the

project is feasible. Feasibility is conducted to identify the best system that meets all the

requirements. This includes an identification description, and evaluation of the proposed

systems and selection of the best system for the job.The feasibility study is carried out to test

if the proposed system is worth being implemented. Given unlimited and infinite time, all

projects are feasible. Unfortunately such resources and time are not possible in real life

situations. Hence it becomes both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the

project at the earliest possible time in order to avoid unnecessarily wastage of time, effort

and professional embarrassment over an ill conceived system. Feasibility study is a test of

system proposed regarding its work ability, impact on the organization ability to meet the

user needs and effective use of resources.

The main objective of feasibility study is to test the technical, operational and economical

feasibility of developing a computer system application. The following feasibility studies

were carried out for the proposed system:

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:

An evaluation of development cost weighed against the income of benefit derived from the

developed system. Here the development cost is evaluated by weighing it against the

ultimate benefits derived from the new system. The proposed system is economically

feasible if the benefits obtained in the long run compensate rather than overdo the cost

incurred in designing and implementing. In this case the benefits outweigh the cost that

makes the system economically feasible.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

Technical feasibility involves the study of function performance and constraints that may

affect the ability to achieve the acceptable system. A system is technically feasible, if it can

be designed and implemented within the limitations of available resources like funds,

hardware, software etc. The considerations that are normally associated with technical



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feasibility include development risk, resources availability and technology. Management

provides latest hardware and software facilities for successful completion of the project.

The proposed system is technically feasible as the Technology we are using to implement the

Project (i.e. ASP.NET) is fully capable to implement our projects requirement analysis that

was performed in the analysis section.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

The Project is Operationally Feasible as it can be implemented easily on to a web server. Its

operation will make it more popular as a complete discussion forum.

SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY:

It evaluates the time taken in the development of the project. This program has schedule

feasibility.



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CHAPTER 5

INTERFACE OF THE PROJECT:

5.1 HOME PAGE

CONNECTING MBSCET



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GENERAL

ANNOUNCEMENTS

DATESHEET OF B.E

7TH SEMESTER.

PARTICIPANTS INVITED

FOR DEBATE IN JAMMU

UNIVERSITY ON 15-12-

2011

OTHER

ANNOUNCEMENTS

ABOUT

MBSCET

PHOTOG

ALLERY

ACHIEVE

MENTS

PLACEME

NTS

STREAM

S

AVAILABLE


LOGIN

REGISTER


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5.2 REGISTER

REGISTRATION FORM

REGISTRATION I.D

SECURITY CODE

5.3 LOGIN


MBS-CON-T00001/MBS-CON-

KE HOI7893 U

OK


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LOGIN

USER NAME

PASSWORD

5.4 TEACHER REGISTRATION FORM

TEACHER REGISTRATION FORM


ROHIT8794

*******************

OK


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REGISTRATION NO:

NAME:

DATE OF BIRTH:

DEPARTMENT:

QUALIFICATION:

GENDER

*PERSONAL PH. NO:

*ALTERNATIVE PH. NO:


MBS-CON-T00001

DHEERA SHARMA

11 AUG 1985

C.S.E

M.TECH

MALE FEMAL

9999999999

9999999991

SUBMIBUZZOWHAT IS THE NAME OF YOUR FIRST**********************

DHEERA 07SHARMA

[email protected]


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5.5 IMAGE UPLOAD


CONNECTINGMBSCET

UPLOAD YOUR PICTURE:BROW

SUBMIT CANCE


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5.6 CHECKING DETAILSCHECK YOUR DETAILS



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NAME: DHEERAJ SHARMA

DATE OF BIRTH: 11 AUG 1985

DEPARTMENT: CSE

QUALIFICATION: M TECH.

GENDER: MALE

PERSONAL PH. NO: 9999999999

ALTERNATIVE PH. NO: 9999999991



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EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]

USER ID: DHEERAJ07SHARMA

NOTE: PRESS OK TO FINALLY SUBMIT & CANCEL TO GO BACK ANDCORRECT THE DETAILS. ONCE SUBMITTED CHANGES WILL NOT BE

ENTERTAINED


OK CANCE


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5.7 WELCOME MESSAGE

CONNECTING MBSCET

YOUR USER ID

IS..

&PASSWORD



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IS

NOTE DOWN DETAILS FOR FURTHER

ACCESS TO YOUR ACCOUNT.

5.8 STUDENT REGISTRATION

STUDENT REGISTRATION FORM


O


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REGISTRATION NO:

NAME:

DATE OF BIRTH:

DEPARTMENT:

SEMESTER

GENDER

*PERSONAL PH. NO:

*PARENTS PH. NO:


MBS-CON-S00001

ROHIT GUPTA

11 AUG 1990

C.S.E

7TH

MALE FEMAL

9999999999

9999999991

SUBMIBUZZOWHAT IS THE NAME OF YOUR FIRST**********************ROHIT0945

[email protected]


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5.9 IMAGE UPLOAD


UPLOAD YOUR PICTURE:

BROW

SUBMIT CANC


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5.10 CHECKING DETAILS

PLEASE CHECK THE DETAILS:



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NAME: ROHIT GUPTA

DATE OF BIRTH: 11 AUG 1990

DEPARTMENT: CSE

SEMESTER: 7TH

GENDER: MALE

PERSONAL PH. NO: 9999999999


OK CANCEL


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5.11 WELCOME MESSAGE

CONNECTING MBSCET

YOUR USERID

IS..

&PASSWORD

IS

NOTE DOWN DETAILS FOR FURTHER



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ACCESS TO YOUR ACCOUNT.

5.12 STUDENT PROFILE


O


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CONNECTING MBSCET



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STATUS

OF

COMMON

WALL

WELCOME ROHIT GUPTA

ABOUT

MBSCET

PHOTOGAL

LERY

ACHIEVEME

NTS

PLACEMENT

S

STREAMS

AVAILABLE

BRANCH

SPECIFICANNOUNCEME

NTS


VISIT COMMON WALL

TECH TALK

SYLLABUS

TIMETABLE

DATESHEET

WATCH LECTURES


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5.13 TEACHER PROFILE

CONNECTING MBSCET



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STATUS

OF

COMMON

WALL

WELCOME DHEERAJ

SHARMA ABOUTMBCET

PHOTOGALL

ERY

ACHIEVEME

NTS

PLACEMENT

S

STREAMS

AVAILABLE

TEACHER

S PECIFICANNOUNCEME

NTS


VISIT COMMON WALL

TECH TALK

SYLLABUS

SCHEDULE


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5.14 COMMON WALL

CONNECTING

MBSCET HOME


SEARC


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USER: RAKESH

QUERY: IS THERE A COMPANY

PLACEMENT

DRIVE

TOMORROW??????

DATE: 6-12-2011.

TIME:4.45 P.M

ANSWERED BY: ROHIT

YES,ALSO BRING ORIGINAL MARKSHEETS FOR

ALL SEMESTERS

DATE:6-12-2011 TIME:5PM

COMMENT

VIEW OLD STORIES

BRANC

H

ANNO

UNCE

METS

PLACEM

ENT

CELL

ANNOU

NCEME

NTS

AVAILA

BLE

LECTU

RES

ACADE

MIC

SECTION



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5.15 ADMINISTRATOR PAGES



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CONNECTING MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR

ACTIONS:

DATESHEET Add | Remove

SYLLABUS Add | Remove

TIME TABLE Add | Remove

LATEST ANNOUNCEMENTS


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5.15.1 ADDING DATESHEET/TIMETABLE /SYLLABUS

HOME CONNECTING MBSCET



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ADMINISTATOR

ACTION: ADD

DATESHEET/SYLLABUS/TIMETABLE

BRANCH

SEMESTER

FILEPATH


SUBM

BROWSE


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5.15.2 ADDING COLLEGE ANNOUNCEMENTS

CONNECTING MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR

ACTION: ADD COLLEGE ANNOUNCEMENTS

EVENT

DESCRIPTION



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FILEPATH


BROWSE

SUBM


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HOME

CONNECTING MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR

ACTION: ADD BRANCH ANNOUNCEMENTS

BRANCH

COMMON FOR ALL SEMESTER

YES NO

SEMESTER

BROWSE SUBM


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5.15.3 ADDING BRANCH SPECIFIC ANNOUNCEMENTS

5.15.4 ADDING TEACHER SPECIFIC ANNOUNCEMENTS

HOME

CONNECTING MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR

ACTION: ADD TEACHER ANNOUNCEMENTS

COMMON FOR ALL TEACHERS

YES NO

DEPARTMENT



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EVENT

DESCRIPTION

FILE PATH

5.15.5 ADDING LECTURES

HOME

CONNECTING MBSCET


SUBM

BROWSE


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ADMINISTRATOR

ACTION: ADD LECTURES

BRANCH

SEMESTER

SUBJECT

TOPIC

FILE

PRESENTED BY


BROWSE

SUBM


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CHAPTER 6

WORKING OF THE PROJECT

This chapter deals with the actual working of our project. The project deals with the

following type of process:

REGISTRATION PROCESS:

When a user logs into the website, he can perform a variety of tasks which ranges fromcreating his own profile to accessing the entire information of the college. Suppose, the user

logs into the website for the first time, the pre-requisite for him is to possess a registration ID

and the Security code which is provided to him by the College authorities. Once a user has

these pre-requisites fulfilled his job is just to get himself registered in the forum. The

registration process starts with the conformation that the registration ID and the security code

entered by the user is valid or not that is in other words, it is the same registration ID and the

Security Code that the college authority has provided to him. Once this conformation is

made, the registration process can follow in. This registration process involves filling up all

the information related to the user in the registration form. The user is also asked to select a

user ID which should be unique. The uniqueness of the user Id is verified by checking the

entered user Id with that already present in the Database. Once this process is accomplished a



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unique user id and password (which are selected by the user itself) are given to the user for

further login process.

LOGIN PROCESS:

Now the user can login by making use of his User_id and Password provided to him through

the Registration process. This process would direct the user to his individual profile.

In his profile he can perform a variety of operations, depending upon his role (teacher or

student).

FORGOT PASSWORD:

This process would enable the user to change his password, in case he has forgotten the

existing one. This process involves verifying user authentication by querying his User_id,

security question and Security answer. After this verification process, a new valid password

is allotted to the user.

The detailed working of our project which includes the flow of data, is illustrated in the data

flow Diagrams below:



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CHAPTER 7

DATABASE INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT

7.1 INTRODUCTION

DATABASE:

The term "database" may be narrowed to specify particular aspects of

organized collection of data in computer data storage. Following are the

types of database available in the present scenario:

ACTIVE DATABASE:

An active database is a database that includes an event-driven

architecture which can respond to conditions both inside and outside the

database. Possible uses include security monitoring, alerting, statistics

gathering and authorization.

DATA WAREHOUSE:

Data warehouses archive data from operational databases and often from

external sources such as market research firms. Often operational data

undergoes transformation on its way into the warehouse, getting

summarized, anonymized, reclassified, etc. The warehouse becomes the

central source of data for use by managers and other end-users who may

not have access to operational data. Operations in a data warehouse are

typically concerned with bulk data manipulation, and as such, it is



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unusual and inefficient to target individual rows for update, insert or

delete. Bulk native loaders for input data and bulk SQL passes for

aggregation are the norm.

DISTRIBUTED DATABASE:

The definition of a distributed database is broad, and may be utilized in

different meanings. In general it typically refers to a modular DBMS

architecture that allows distinct DBMS instances to cooperate as a single

DBMS over processes, computers, and sites, while managing a single

database distributed itself over multiple computers, and different sites.

Examples are databases of local work-groups and departments at

regional offices, branch offices, manufacturing plants and other work

sites. These databases can include both segments shared by multiple

sites, and segments specific to one site and used only locally in that site.

EMBEDDED DATABASE:

An embedded database system is a DBMS which is tightly integrated with

application software that requires access to stored data in a way that the

DBMS is hidden from the applications end-user and requires little or no

ongoing maintenance. The "embedded database is used in real-time

embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer

electronics devices.

END-USER DATABASE:

These databases consist of data developed by individual end-users.Examples of these are collections of documents, spreadsheets,

presentations, multimedia, and other files. Several products exist to

support such databases. Some of them are much simpler than full fledged

DBMSs, with more elementary DBMS functionality (e.g., not supporting



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multiple concurrent end-users on a same database), with basic

programming interfaces, and a relatively small "foot-print" (not much

code to run as in "regular" general-purpose databases).

However, also available general-purpose DBMSs can often be used for

such purpose, if they provide basic user-interfaces for straightforward

data. Three types of people are involved with a general-purpose DBMS:

1. DBMS DEVELOPERS - These are the people that design and build the

DBMS product, and the only ones who touch its code. They are typically

the employees of a DBMS vendor (e.g., Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, Sybase),

or, in the case of Open source DBMSs (e.g., MySQL), volunteers or people

supported by interested companies and organizations. They are typically

skilled systems programmers.

2. APPLICATION DEVELOPERS- These are the people that design and

build a database-based application that uses the DBMS. The group

members write the needed application programs which the application

comprises of.

3. DATABASE ADMINISTRATORS These group members design the

needed database and maintain it. Both are well familiar with the DBMS

product and use its user interfaces (as well as usually other tools) for their

work. Sometimes the application itself is packaged and sold as a separate

product, which may include the DBMS inside (see Embedded database;

subject to proper DBMS licensing), or sold separately as an add-on to the

DBMS.

Every database transaction obeys the following rules:



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ATOMICITY - Either the effects of all or none of its operations remain ("all or nothing"

semantics) when a transaction is completed (committed or aborted respectively). In other

words, to the outside world a committed transaction appears (by its effects on the database)

to be indivisible, atomic, and an aborted transaction does not leave effects on the database at

all, as if never existed.

CONSISTENCY - Every transaction must leave the database in a consistent (correct) state,

i.e., maintain the predetermined integrity rules of the database (constraints upon and among

the database's objects). A transaction must transform a database from one consistent state to

another consistent state (however, it is the responsibility of the transaction's programmer to

make sure that the transaction itself is correct, i.e., performs correctly what it intends to

perform (from the application's point of view) while the predefined integrity rules are

enforced by the DBMS). Thus since a database can be normally changed only by

transactions, all the database's states are consistent. An aborted transaction does not change

the database state it has started from, as if it never existed (atomicity above).

ISOLATION - Transactions cannot interfere with each other (as an end result of their

executions). Moreover, usually (depending on concurrency control method) the effects of an

incomplete transaction are not even visible to another transaction. Providing isolation is the

main goal of concurrency control.

DURABILITY - Effects of successful (committed) transactions must persist through crashes

(typically by recording the transaction's effects and its commit event in a non-volatile

memory).



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7.2 DATA DICTIONARY:

The name of the database involved in the project is MBS_DB.

7.2.1 TABLES INVOLVED:

The various tables involved in the database are:

AUTH

REG

ST_REG

TE_REG

FORUM

DATESHEET

TIMETABLE

SYLLABUS

CLG_ANC

BRN_ANC

TE_ANC

AV_LEC

7.2.2 TABLE DESCRIPTION:

The description of the Tables is as under:

AUTH:

FIELD DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT

U_ID VAR CHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY



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PASSWORD VAR CHAR(10)

ROLE VAR CHAR(10)

SEC_ QUES VAR CHAR(50)

SEC_ANS VAR CHAR(50)

AVAL CHAR(1) CHECK

REG:


REG_ID VARCHAR(15) PRIMARY KEY

SEC_CODE VARCHAR(20)

CREATED CHAR(1) CHECK

ROLE VARCHAR(10)

ST_REG:


REG_ID VARCHAR(15) FOREIGN KEY,UNIQUE

ST_NAME VARCHAR(50)

BRANCH VARCHAR(20)

DOB CHAR(10)

SEM INTEGER(1)



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GENDER VARCHAR(6)

ST_PHNO VARCHAR(10)

ST_PARPHNO VARCHAR(10)

ST_EMAIL VARCHAR(60)

ST_PIC VARCHAR(60)

U_ID VARCHAR(20) FOREIGN KEY

TE_REG:


REG_ID VARCHAR(15)

TE_NAME VARCHAR(50)

DEPT VARCHAR(20)

QUAL VARCHAR(50)



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GENDER VARCHAR(6)

TE_PHNO VARCHAR(10)

TE_EMAIL VARCHAR(60)

PIC VARCHAR(60)


FORUM



TOPIC VARCHAR(60)

QUERY VARCHAR(200)

ANS VARCHAR(500)

ANS_BY VARCHAR(50) FOREIGN KEY

DATE DATE

DATESHEET:


D_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

FILE VARCHAR(100)

DATE DATE

SEM INTEGER(1)

BRANCH VARCHAR(20)



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TIMETABLE:


T_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

FILE VARCHAR(100)

DATE DATE

SEM INTEGER(1)

BRANCH VARCHAR(20)

SYLLABUS:


S_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

FILE VARCHAR(100)

DATE DATE

SEM INTEGER(1)

BRANCH VARCHAR(20)

CLG_ANC:


A_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

EVENT VARCHAR(50)

DESCP CHAR(100)

POST_BY CHAR(50) FOREIGN KEY

DATE DATE



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BRN_ANC:


B_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

EVENT VARCHAR(50)

DESCP CHAR(100)

POST_BY CHAR(50) FOREIGN KEY

BRANCH VARCHAR(20)

SEM INTEGER(1)

DATE DATE

TE_ANC:


TE_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

EVENT VARCHAR(50)

DESCP CHAR(100)

-DEPTT VARCHAR(20)



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DATE DATE

AV_LEC:


AV_ID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY

BRANCH VARCHAR(20)

SUB VARCHAR(50)

TOPIC VARCHAR(50)

PRESENT_BY VARCHAR(50) FOREIGN KEY

FILE VARCHAR(100)

DATE DATE

SEM INT(1) FOREIGN KEY

7.2.3 RELATION BETWEEN TABLES:

U_ID

PASSWORD

ROLE

SEC_ QUES



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SEC_ANS

AVAL


ST_REG

REG_ID

ST_NAME

BRANCH

DOB

SEM

GENDER

ST_PHNO

ST_PARPHNO

ST_EMAIL

ST_PIC

U_ID

REG

REG_ID

SEC_CODE

CREATEDROLE

TE_REG

REG_ID

TE_NAME

DEPT

QUAL

GENDER

TE_PHNO

TE_EMAIL

PIC

U_ID

FORUM

U_ID

TOPIC

QUERY

ANS

ANS_BY

DATE


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CHAPTER 8

CONNECTIVITY

8.1 ADO .NET

8.1.1 INTRODUCTION:

Most applications need data access at one point of time making it a crucial component when

working with applications. Data access is making the application interact with a database,

where all the data is stored. Different applications have different requirements for database

access. VB .NET uses ADO .NET (Active X Data Object) as its data access and

manipulation protocol which also enables us to work with data on the Internet.

8.1.2 EVOLUTION OF ADO.NET

The first data access model, DAO (data access model) was created for local databases with

the built-in Jet engine which had performance and functionality issues. Next came RDO

(Remote Data Object) and ADO (Active Data Object) which were designed for Client Server

architectures but, soon ADO took over RDO. ADO was a good architecture but as the

language changes so is the technology. With ADO, all the data is contained in a RecordSet

object which had problems when implemented on the network and penetrating firewalls.

ADO was a connected data access, which means that when a connection to the database is

established the connection remains open until the application is closed. Leaving the

connection open, for the lifetime of the application, raises concerns about database security

and network traffic. Also, as databases are becoming increasingly important and as they are

serving more people, a connected data access model makes us think about its productivity.

For example, an application with connected data access may do well when connected to two

clients, the same may do poorly when connected to 10 and might be unusable when

connected to 100 or more. Also, open database connections use system resources to a

maximum extent making the system performance less effective.

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8.1.3 WHY ADO.NET?

To cope up with some of the problems mentioned above, ADO .NET came into existence.

ADO .NET addresses the above mentioned problems by maintaining a disconnected

database access model which means, when an application interacts with the database, the

connection is opened to serve the request of the application and is closed as soon as the

request is completed. Likewise, if a database is updated, the connection is opened long

enough to complete the Update operation and is closed. By keeping connections open for

only a minimum period of time, ADO.NET conserves system resources and provides

maximum security for databases and also has less impact on system performance. Also,

ADO.NET when interacting with the database uses XML and converts all the data into XML

format for database related operations making them more efficient.

8.1.4 DESIGN GOALS FOR ADO.NET

Visual Studio 2005

As application development has evolved, new applications have become loosely coupled

based on the Web application model. More and more of today's applications use XML to

encode data to be passed over network connections. Web applications use HTTP as the fabric

for communication between tiers, and therefore must explicitly handle maintaining state

between requests. This new model is very different from the connected, tightly coupled style

of programming that characterized the client/server era, where a connection was held open

for the duration of the program's lifetime and no special handling of state was required.

In designing tools and technologies to meet the needs of today's developer, Microsoft

recognized that an entirely new programming model for data access was needed, one that is

built upon the .NET Framework. Building on the .NET Framework ensures that the data

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access technology would be uniform components would share a common type system,

design patterns, and naming conventions.

ADO.NET was designed to meet the needs of this new programming model: disconnected

data architecture, tight integration with XML, common data representation with the ability to

combine data from multiple and varied data sources, and optimized facilities for interacting

with a database, all native to the .NET Framework.

In creating ADO.NET, Microsoft embraced the following design goals.

LEVERAGE CURRENT ADO KNOWLEDGE

The design for ADO.NET addresses many of the requirements of today's application

development model. At the same time, the programming model stays as similar as possible to

ADO, so current ADO developers do not have to start from the beginning in learning a brand

new data access technology. ADO.NET is an intrinsic part of the .NET Framework without

seeming completely foreign to the ADO programmer.

ADO.NET coexists with ADO. While most new .NET-based applications will be written

using ADO.NET, ADO remains available to the .NET programmer through .NET COM

interoperability services.

THE N-TIER PROGRAMMING MODEL

ADO.NET provides first-class support for the disconnected, n-tier programming

environment for which many new applications are written. The concept of working with a

disconnected set of data has become a focal point in the programming model. The ADO.NET

solution for n-tier programming is the DataSet.

INTEGRATE XML SUPPORT

XML and data access are intimately tied XML is all about encoding data, and data access

is increasingly becoming all about XML. The .NET Framework does not just support Web

standards it is built entirely on top of them.



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XML support is built into ADO.NET at a very fundamental level. The XML classes in the

.NET Framework and ADO.NET are part of the same architecture they integrate at many

different levels. We no longer have to choose between the data access set of services and

their XML counterparts; the ability to cross over from one to the other is inherent in the

design of both.

8.1.5THE ADO.NET DATA ARCHITECTURE

Data Access in ADO.NET relies on two components: DataSet and Data Provider.

DATASET

The dataset is a disconnected, in-memory representation of data. It can be considered as a

local copy of the relevant portions of the database. The DataSet is persisted in memory and

the data in it can be manipulated and updated independent of the database. When the use of

this DataSet is finished, changes can be made back to the central database for updating. The

data in DataSet can be loaded from any valid data source like Microsoft SQL server

database, an Oracle database or from a Microsoft Access database.

DATA PROVIDER

The Data Provider is responsible for providing and maintaining the connection to the

database. A DataProvider is a set of related components that work together to provide data in

an efficient and performance driven manner. The .NET Framework currently comes with two

DataProviders: the SQL Data Provider which is designed only to work with Microsoft's

SQL Server 7.0 or later and the OLEDB DataProvider which allows us to connect to other

types of databases like Access and Oracle. Each DataProvider consists of the following

component classes:



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The Connection object which provides a connection to the database

The Command object which is used to execute a command

The DataReader object which provides a forward-only, read only, connected recordset

The DataAdapter object which populates a disconnected DataSet with data and performs

update.

Data access with ADO.NET can be summarized as follows:

A connection object establishes the connection for the application with the database. The

command object provides direct execution of the command to the database. If the command

returns more than a single value, the command object returns a DataReader to provide the

data. Alternatively, the DataAdapter can be used to fill the Dataset object. The database can

be updated using the command object or the DataAdapter.



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Fig: ADO.NET Architecture

COMPONENT CLASSES THAT MAKE UP THE DATA PROVIDERS

THE CONNECTION OBJECT

The Connection object creates the connection to the database. Microsoft Visual Studio .NET

provides two types of Connection classes: the SqlConnection object, which is designed

specifically to connect to Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 or later, and the OleDbConnection

object, which can provide connections to a wide range of database types like Microsoft



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Access and Oracle. The Connection object contains all of the information required to open a

connection to the database.

THE COMMAND OBJECT

The Command object is represented by two corresponding classes: SqlCommand and

OleDbCommand. Command objects are used to execute commands to a database across a

data connection. The Command objects can be used to execute stored procedures on the

database, SQL commands, or return complete tables directly.

THE DATAREADER OBJECT

The DataReader object provides a forward-only, read-only, connected stream recordset from

a database. Unlike other components of the Data Provider, DataReader objects cannot be

directly instantiated. Rather, the DataReader is returned as the result of the Command

object's ExecuteReader method. The SqlCommand.ExecuteReader method returns a

SqlDataReader object, and the OleDbCommand.ExecuteReader method returns an

OleDbDataReader object. The DataReader can provide rows of data directly to application

logic when you do not need to keep the data cached in memory. Because only one row is in

memory at a time, the DataReader provides the lowest overhead in terms of system

performance but requires the exclusive use of an open Connection object for the lifetime of

the DataReader.

THE DATAADAPTER OBJECT

The DataAdapter is the class at the core of ADO .NET's disconnected data access. It is

essentially the middleman facilitating all communication between the database and a

DataSet. The DataAdapter is used either to fill a DataTable or DataSet with data from the

database with it's Fill method. After the memory-resident data has been manipulated, the

DataAdapter can commit the changes to the database by calling the Update method. The

DataAdapter provides four properties that represent database commands:



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SelectCommand

InsertCommand

DeleteCommand

UpdateCommand

When the Update method is called, changes in the DataSet are copied back to the database

and the appropriate InsertCommand, DeleteCommand, or UpdateCommand is executed.

CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Our project CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T is a dynamic open forum which has unlimited

scope that explores the full potential of available resources .It promises to provide a feasible

solution to instigate general awareness among college students, faculty and administration

block about recent activities. It will provide a connecting link between teacher and students

to have communication outside the bondages of classroom. The future scope of the project

lies in the fact that the project is very much open to all aspects of scalability and different

features can be added to enhance the functionality of the existing system. The various

features that can be added to make it more effective, viable and powerful tool are features

like video conferencing/chat, which can be used to sort the queries of students. Other

features include accessing the schedule of faculty and getting latest notices via SMS services

of mobile phones.



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REFERENCES

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET

2. http://asp.net-tutorials.com/

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)

4. http://www.csharp-station.com/Tutorial.aspx

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET

7. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h43ks021(v=vs.71).aspx

8. Asp.net, tips ,tutorial and code by Adam Nathan.

9. Asp.net web developers guide by Mesbah Ahmed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NEThttp://asp.net-tutorials.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)http://www.csharp-station.com/Tutorial.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NEThttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h43ks021(v=vs.71).aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NEThttp://asp.net-tutorials.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)http://www.csharp-station.com/Tutorial.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NEThttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h43ks021(v=vs.71).aspx

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