ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT SYNOPSIS

Theme: Administrative Tribunals

Justification:

Administrative tribunals are authorities outside the ordinary court system, which interpret and apply the laws when acts of public administration are questioned in formal suits by the courts or by other established methods. They are not a court nor are they an executive body. Rather they are a mixture of both. They are judicial in the sense that the tribunals have to decide facts and apply them impartially, without considering executive policy. They are administrative because the reasons for preferring them to the ordinary courts of law are administrative reasons. Thus to bring out the roles and functions of the Administrative Tribunals I have taken it as an research topic.

Brief Introduction:

Today, over and above ministerial functions, the executive performs many quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial functions also. The governmental functions have increased and even though according to traditional theory, the function of adjudication of disputes is the exclusive jurisdiction of the ordinary courts of law, in reality, many judicial functions have come to be performed by the executive, example imposition of fine, levy of penalty, confiscation of goods, etc. It is not possible to define the word “tribunal” precisely and scientifically. According to the dictionary, “tribunal” means “a seat or a bench upon which a judge or judges sit in a court”, and “a court of justice”. But this Meaning is very wide, including even ordinary courts of law; whereas, in administrative law, this expression is limited adjudicating authorities other than ordinary courts of law.

Tentative Chapterization:

List of Cases...................................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 1..................................................................................................................................

Introduction...................................................................................................................................

1.1 Meaning................................................................................................................................

1.2 Definition..............................................................................................................................

1.3 Historical Development........................................................................................................

1.4 Reasons for the Growth of Administrative Tribunals......................................................

1.5 Distinction between Court and Tribunal...........................................................................

1.6 Characteristics....................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................

Constitutional Status of Tribunals.............................................................................................

2.1 Article 136 of Constitution................................................................................................

2.2 42nd and 44th Amendment.................................................................................................

2.3 Constitutional validity of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985................................

CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................

Tribunalization Of Justice..........................................................................................................

3.1 Different Kinds of Tribunals............................................................................................

3.2 Judicial Review Of Decisions of the Tribunals................................................................

3.3 Power of Tribunals to Review Decisions.........................................................................

3.4 Whether Tribunals are Bound by SC and HC Decisions...............................................

CHAPTER 4..............................................................................................................................

Administrative Service Tribunal................................................................................................

4.1 General Overview of Working of Central Administrative Tribunal............................

4.2 Historical Account of Establishment of Central Administrative Tribunal...................

4.3 General Provisions of the Act...........................................................................................

CHAPTER 5................................................................................................................................

Conclusion and Suggestions........................................................................................................

Bibliography.................................................................................................................................

BOOKS REFERRED.............................................................................................................

ARTICLES REFERRED......................................................................................................

WEB RESOURCES................................................................................................................

Research Objectives:

To find the status of Administrative Tribunals under the Constitution. To find the different types of Tribunals and their legal status under the Constitution. To find the Status of Tribunal Justice systems under the Constitution.

Research Questions:

What is the status of Administrative tribunals in India under the Constitution?What are the different types of Tribunals present?

Hypothesis:

India is a vast country. The Supreme Court sits only in Delhi and High Courts in Capital cities of the states. For every infringement of right an ordinary citizen as well as government servant cannot afford to move to the proper court. In case administrative tribunals are introduced then justice would be easier and also cheaper to obtain, particularly in the present rising inflation. The Administrative Tribunals were conceived as and constitute an effective and real substitute for the High Courts as regards service matters. Moreover, the power of judicial review of the High Courts cannot be called as inviolable as that of the Supreme Court. The very objective behind the establishment of the Administrative Tribunals is defeated if all the cases adjudicated by them have to go before the concerned High Courts.

Survey of Literature:

BOOKS REFERRED

1.      C.K. THAKKER, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 226 (1996).

2.      H. M. SERWAI, CONSTITUTIONSL LAW OF INDIA (1968 ed.).

3.      H. P. CHATTOPADHYAY, INDUBAGHEL, THEORY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 211 (1st ed.

2009).

4.      HISTORY OF LAW OF ENGLAND, VOL. I, 57-63 (4thEdn.).

5.      I. P. MASSEY, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 605-606 (8th ed. 2012).

6.      M. P. JAIN, PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, 246-248 (1996).

7.      R. NAYAK, ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN INDIA 38 (1989).

8.      WADE & FORSYTH, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 771(10th ed. 2009).

9.      WEBSTER’S NEW WORLD DICTIONARY 1517 (1972); CONCISE OXFORD DICTIONARY, 1530-

1531 (2002).

ARTICLES REFERRED

1.      ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM COMMISSION, REPORT ON PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION (1969).

2.      LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA, FOURTEENTH REPORT, REFORM OF JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION

(1958).

3.      Perspective, SLJ (JOURNAL SECTION) 1-5 (1986).

Literature Review:Book 1: It gave a real deep insight into the topic of Administrative TribunalsBook2: It provided me with the information regarding the Constitutional status of the Administrative Tribunals in India.Book 3: It provided me with the legal frame, rules and regulations, acts relating to Administrative TribunalsArticle 1: It was really helpful to find out the process and method by which these Administrative Tribunals were setup in India Article 2: The Fourteenth Report of Law Commission Of India gave me the information regarding the acts that were passed and the changes and the add-ons that were made to the Judicial Tribunals.Article 3: It was very helpful as it gave me the information to make my project.

Research Methodology:

The research methodology adopted in this research paper is Descriptive as it involves evaluation of well established concepts with case laws.