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8/13/2018 1 Syncope EKG’s “Blues Clues” to the Deadly Misses Todd Haber MD. NE FACEP LRH ED [email protected] This is an EKG lecture You wanted this….

Syncope EKG’s “Blues Clues” to the Deadly Misses...8/13/2018 1 Syncope EKG’s “Blues Clues” to the Deadly Misses Todd Haber MD. NE FACEP LRH ED [email protected] This

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Page 1: Syncope EKG’s “Blues Clues” to the Deadly Misses...8/13/2018 1 Syncope EKG’s “Blues Clues” to the Deadly Misses Todd Haber MD. NE FACEP LRH ED Todd.Haber@myLRH.org This

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Syncope EKG’s“Blues  Clues” to the Deadly 

MissesTodd Haber MD. NE FACEP 

LRH ED

[email protected]

This is an EKG lectureYou wanted this….

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But ended up with this…

Disclosures

• I get NOTHIN….FROM EVERYBODY….

• I stink at Power Point…

But FCEP waived my fee….

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Props and Kudos

• Dr. Amal Mattu

Mentorship and guidance

• www.ecgweekly.com

The little website that could…

• www.lifeinthefastlane.comGazillions of images

Objectives

• EKG in the ED‐‐‐ A BRIEF overview

• Syncope – a BRIEF Overview

• EKG findings in the patient w/Syncope• The obvious• The mimics

• Pearls and Pitfalls• Hidden Subtle clues to BADNESS

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Ground Rules…

• This is an ECG talk…

• No Deep Dives

• No MEMORIZATION

• Play Along and be interactive…

• Relax and Enjoy the show…

EKG’s in the ED…

What is the Clinical Question

• ACS???

• Rhythm???

• Miscellaneous• Syncope• Toxicology• Electrolytes

Predictive value of test

• Pre‐test Probability

• Sensitivity

• Specificity

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Systematic ApproachEvery Patient, Every time…

• Rate

• Rhythm

• Axis

• Intervals

• Voltage/Hypertrophy

• Ischemia

Syncope

• Loss of Consciousness

• Loss of postural tone

• Recovery +/‐ symptoms

• Common‐Usually Benign/Can be Lethal

• Low Yield‐High Risk

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Causes

• CardiacPump/StructuralRhythm/Electrical

• Reflex Mediated

• Postural/Volume

• NeurologicSz , SAH

Cardiovascular

Structural

• Ischemia

• Myo/pericarditis

• Congenital• Valves

• CardiomyopathyHypertrophic/dilated

• RV dysplasia• PE/TAD

Electrical

• Long‐Short QT

• Pre‐excitation

• Idiopathic VT

• Brugada

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Step #1Focused History and Physical

Diagnosis clear

• Benign non‐cardiac

• Serious‐ non‐cardiac

• Serious‐ cardiac

Diagnosis unclear

• Low Risk

• High Risk• Abnormal EKG• Evidence of CV disease• Absence of prodrome• Low BP• Age• Family Hx

Step #2 EKGWhat to look for???

• Obvious

Rate/Rhythm

Ischemia

• Subtle

Structural

Electrical

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65 y.o. w/ syncope

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Pearls….

• Do not depend on the computer

False Negatives, False Positives

• Beware of Hidden P’sV1, QRS, T waves (pokey)

• Are P’s and QRS married?Every P followed by QRS?

Every QRS preceded by P?

92 y.o. w/ Syncope

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Hyperkalemia

• Peaked T waves

• Widened QRS (rare in STEMI)

• Prolonged PR

• Flat/Loss of P waves

• AV Blocks

• BBB’s

• Psuedo ACS

• RAD (rare in STEMI)

Hyper K‐Again!!!

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Hyper K Pearls

• Hyper K causes “blocks” without other changes

• Consider Hyper‐K AND Empiric Rx

• Consider Hyper K when ACLS fails !!!!

57 y.o. Syncope CP and BP 70

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Pearls

• Consider TAD w/ Syncope AND Chest Pain

• ACS‐not a common cause of Syncope

• Diffuse STD’s w/STE AvrL main/triple vessel ACS

Consider Global ischemia

PE, TAD , GI Bleed, Hypoxia

70 y.o CP/SOB syncope‐‐‐‐ cardiac arrest

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Pulmonary Embolism

• Sinus tachycardia

• S1Q3T3 (not sensitive/not specific)

• RAD (rare in STEMI)

• New RBBB or iRBBB (widened QRS) rare in STEMI

• STE/STD’s INF/Septal leads

• NEW TWI’S Anteroseptal +/‐ Inf leads

Pearls

• Syncope + STE AND R axisPE

Na Channel Blocker

Hyper K

• ACS usually Vfib arrest / blocksNot asystole

• ACS uncommon cause of syncopeBeware of mimics

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StructuralThe Hunt for Hidden Badness

• P wavesAmplitude/width

• QRSAxis, amplitude, notches

High Voltage, Low Voltage

• T wavesAmplitude, polarity, shape

The “Normal ECG”

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The Normal EKG

• P waves upright (except avr)Biphasic in V1

• Normal max QRS V4 (transition)

• T waves concordantFlipped in Avr /V1/III

• Increased QRS (width or amplitude) ‐‐disconcordance

Normal P wave

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LAE/RAE/Bi‐Atrial

RVH

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LVH

Low Voltage

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Axis

LAD

• LBBB

• LAFB

• INF MI

• Pacer

• WPW

• LVH

RAD

• Na channel blockade• RV Strain

Acute‐ PEChronic‐ Pulm Htn

• Hyper K• ASD• RVH• Leads

Crochetage‐ASD

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23 y.o w/ syncope

ARVD/RVCMEKG Findings• Epsilon Waves

Highly specific (30% sensitive)

• Flipped T waves V1‐V3Sensitive ‐Non specific

• Prolonged S upstroke V1‐V3Widened QRS

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14 y.o syncope during basketball game

HCMEKG Features

• HLVV w/ ST‐T changes

• LAE

• Deep Narrow Dagger  Q’sInferior/Lateral

• Giant Precordial Flipped T waves (Apical HCM

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34 y.o. episodoic palpitations

WPW

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EKG Findings in WPW

• PR < 120 msec

• Delta Wave (slurred QRS upstroke)

• QRS >110 msec

• Disconcordance (ST‐T)

• Psuedo‐Infarct pattern

WPW w/SVT

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WPW‐ Afib RVR                       

WPW Tachycardia Pearls

• WPW –Regular Narrow TachycardiaTreat as  PSVT

• WPW‐Regular Wide TachycardiaTreat as V‐Tach

• WPW‐Irregular Wide TachycardiaElectricity

Procainamide

AVOID AV Blockers

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65 y.o w/ severe malaise/ syncope

Prolonged QTc Pearls

• Hypo’sK+/Ca 2+/Mg 2+

• Congenital

• Meds

• Hypothermia

• Polymorphic Vtach‐‐‐Rx Mg 2+

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Brugada Pattern

• iRBBB V1‐V2

• STE v1‐V2

• 3 Types

• PrecipitantsFever/meds/cocaine

• Transient

• 50% genetic

• 0.4%‐0.9% general population

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Brugada

Brugada Syndrome

• Brugada Pattern+ Symptoms

• Na Channelopathy

• 20% sudden death‐normal hearts

• 4%‐5% all Sudden Deaths

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Symptoms

• Polymorphic VtachSustained‐Cardiac arrest

Resolves‐Syncope

• Afib‐rare

• Usually Nocturnal

• Usually Non‐exertional

• Palpitations rare

Take Home Points

• SyncopeCommon

Low Yield/High Risk

• Work‐upHistory/History/History

EKGLabs as directed

• Blues Clues to “badness” in ECGObvious—beware traps/mimicsSubtle‐ you really need to look!!!

• NEVER USE COMPUTER “READ”

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EKG Clues will return…Thank you for your time and…