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Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems for Integrated Disaster Risk Management
Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems for Integrated Disaster Risk Management
Fred Branski, Team Leader for Data Management
NOAA’s National Weather Service
May 23-24, 2006
Fred Branski, Team Leader for Data Management
NOAA’s National Weather Service
May 23-24, 2006
Global Communication Needs for multi-hazard data and information at International and Regional levels in support of National Early Warning Systems
Global Communication NeedsGlobal Communication Needs
The critical issues are:
• Data collection
• Coordination
• Dissemination
Hold this thought, we’ll come back to it.
The critical issues are:
• Data collection
• Coordination
• Dissemination
Hold this thought, we’ll come back to it.
Multi-hazard Data and InformationMulti-hazard Data and Information
What does it mean:
• Sector specific warnings (flooding, health or seismic events)
• Multi-hazard events
• Earthquake followed by a tsunami
• Volcanic eruption followed traveling ash cloud (aviation & health impacts)
• Wide spread or prolonged flooding followed by disease outbreaks
• Long term events such as drought
What does it mean:
• Sector specific warnings (flooding, health or seismic events)
• Multi-hazard events
• Earthquake followed by a tsunami
• Volcanic eruption followed traveling ash cloud (aviation & health impacts)
• Wide spread or prolonged flooding followed by disease outbreaks
• Long term events such as drought
International and Regional levelsInternational and Regional levels
• Effective coordination can be inhibited by:
Language, cultural & political barriers
• Roll for international agencies:
Coordination
Brokerage
Support
• National will to cooperate for a better good
• Effective coordination can be inhibited by:
Language, cultural & political barriers
• Roll for international agencies:
Coordination
Brokerage
Support
• National will to cooperate for a better good
Support of National Early Warning SystemsSupport of National Early Warning Systems
“Last Mile”
This is the component having the greatest impact on outreach to people
Building or improving international / regional systems does little good without reliable robust national systems.
And vice versa!
“Last Mile”
This is the component having the greatest impact on outreach to people
Building or improving international / regional systems does little good without reliable robust national systems.
And vice versa!
Global Communication NeedsGlobal Communication Needs
Data collection:
Observations – roll for GEOSS
Model output
Supporting products & guidance
Data collection:
Observations – roll for GEOSS
Model output
Supporting products & guidance
Global Communication NeedsGlobal Communication Needs
Coordination:
Between nations & regions
Between agencies both intra and inter-nationally
Between currently disparate communities
Scientific disciplines such as hydrometeorology, seismology, oceanography & human & animal healt
With the Emergency Management community
With civil and political decision makers
Coordination:
Between nations & regions
Between agencies both intra and inter-nationally
Between currently disparate communities
Scientific disciplines such as hydrometeorology, seismology, oceanography & human & animal healt
With the Emergency Management community
With civil and political decision makers
Global Communication NeedsGlobal Communication NeedsDissemination: International, Regional & National aspects
To decision makers
To agencies responsible for preparatory and response activities
To the public (What do I do? Not science)
3 types of communications:
Pre-event (only for some events)
Real-time
Post event (Is the danger over? What do I do know?)
Integrated risk information
Automated alerting mechanisms: CAP - Common Alerting Protocol
Dissemination: International, Regional & National aspects
To decision makers
To agencies responsible for preparatory and response activities
To the public (What do I do? Not science)
3 types of communications:
Pre-event (only for some events)
Real-time
Post event (Is the danger over? What do I do know?)
Integrated risk information
Automated alerting mechanisms: CAP - Common Alerting Protocol
Key issueKey issue
i) Need for proven operational telecommunication mechanisms at international and regional levels for exchange of critical data and information in support of early warnings for multi-hazards? Issues, needs, challenges, capabilities.
GTS/WIS is a key global infrastructure
An existing competency which should be leveraged for EWS and disaster risk and impact reduction
i) Need for proven operational telecommunication mechanisms at international and regional levels for exchange of critical data and information in support of early warnings for multi-hazards? Issues, needs, challenges, capabilities.
GTS/WIS is a key global infrastructure
An existing competency which should be leveraged for EWS and disaster risk and impact reduction
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region I (Africa)
point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kbit/s)
RTH, CRT
NMC, CMN
Centre in other region
MTN circuit, circuit RPT
Regional circuit
Interregional circuit
Djibouti
Cotonou
Moscow
New Delhi
Jeddah
Lusaka
Maseru
Maputo
Harare
New Amsterdam
Manzini
Moroni
Kigali
Dar Es Salaam
KinshasaLuanda
Windhoek
Lilongwe Mauritius
Entebbe
Douala
Lagos
N'djamena
CairoTripoli
Ouagadougou
Bamako
Abidjan
Accra
Nouakchott
Canary
Banjul
Bissau
Freetown
Monrovia
Conakry
Sal
Malabo
MadridRome
Western Sahara
Khartoum
Tunis
Ascension
St. Helena
Sao Tome
Kerguelen
Addis Ababa
64
9.6
4.8
0.05
DCP
NOvia Exeter
NI
NI
via Toulouse(64)
NI
NI9.6
64
9.6
0.075NI
0.05AFTN
1.2
19.2
1.2
0.05
NI
19.2
0.05AFTN
1.2
19.2
0.05 NI
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
9.60.1
DCP19.2
4.8
33.6
NO
33.6
1.2
1.2
2.4
64
1.2
34.8
64
19.2
NI
19.2
NI
NI
0.075
0.05
0.05
NI2.4Casablanca0.05
0.05
Bujumbura
NO
19.2
19.2
0.075
9.6
Libreville
Offenbach
Bangui
64
via Toulouse
via Toulouse
Washington
Toulouse
Gaberone
Algiers
Asmara
Lome
64
0.05
Toulouse
64
Brazzaville
19.2
Antananarivo
St Denis
Pretoria
9.6
NI
Mogadiscio
19.2 NiameyDakar
Nairobi
NI
NI
NI Not implementedNO Not operational
0.05
1.2
1.2
642.42.4
Seychelles
19.2
9.6
9.6
9.6 Via Internet
64
64
64
NI
NI
64
9.6
Vientiane
Ulaanbaatar
Baghdad
Doha
Kuwait
Bahrain
Dhaka
Yangon
Kathmandu
Kabul
Karachi
ColomboMale
Hanoi
Phnom Penh
PyongYang
Ashgabad
Macao
64K
Dushanbe
Almaty
NI
NI
NI
NI
Seoul
NI
NI
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
64K
19.2-33.6K V.34
2.4K
9.6K
64K
128K
64K
50
50
50
50
50
64K
64K
200
1200
2.4K
64K
100
200
75
64K
1200
75
50
100
7575
9.6K
Melbourne
Offenbach
Offenbach
Cairo
Cairo
Algiers
Moscow
Kuala Lumpur
Tashkent
Novosibirsk Khabarovsk
Bangkok
Frame RelayCIR<16/16K>
Frame RelayCIR<16/16K>
Melbourne
Washington
Frame RelayCIR<16/16K>
NI
NI 19.2-33.6K (V.34)
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region II (Asia)
Bishkek
64K
2.4K
Singapore
9.6K
RTH in Region II
NMC in Region II
Centre in other region
MTN circuitRegional circuitInterregional circuitAdditional circuit
Non-IP linkIP link
NI No implementation
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
Tehran
Sanaa
200
Hong Kong
Moscow
NIFrame RelayCIR<32/32K>
Tokyo
Beijing
Frame RelayCIR<16/16K>
New Delhi
IMTN-MDCN CIR<32/768K>
IMTN-MDCNCIR<16/32K>
Manila
IMTN-MDCNFrame RelayCIR<48/48K>
Internet
Jeddah
Internet Internet
Internet
Muscat
Emirates
NI
Id V.34
Id V.34
64K
64K
64K
Internet
Washington
Internet
ISDN 128K
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
Via Moscow
IMTN-MDCNFrame RelayCIR<48/48K>
19.2-33.6K (V.34)
Frame RelayCIR<16/16K>Internet
IMTN-MDCNFrame RelayCIR<16/16K>
IMTN-MDCNFrame RelayCIR<16/16K>
IMTN-MDCNFrame RelayCIR<16/8K>
CMA-VSATCMA-VSAT
CMA-VSAT
Washington
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region III (South America)
point-to-point and multipoint circuits implementation (transmission speed in bit/s)
RTH
NMC
Centre in other region
MTN circuit
Regional multipoint circuit via satellite (VSAT)
Interregional circuit
Regional circuit Buenos Aires
Cayenne
Georgetown
Montevideo
Porto-Alegre
Paramaribo
MaracayBogota
Quito
Lima
La Paz
Asuncion
Santiago
NO
AFTN
NO
NO Not Operational
64 K
64 K
64 K
50
75
7575
38.4 K
2400
38.4 K
2400
Brasilia
NO
38.4 K
2400
Internet
Internet
Frame Relay512 K
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
NO
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region IV (North and Central America)
point-to-point and multipoint circuits implementation (kbit/s)
Honolulu
Havana
Kingston
Curacaos
Aruba
Port au Prince
RSMCMontreal
Bracknell
WMC Washington
Guadeloupe
Martinique
Grenada
Port of Spain
Tegucigalpa
Belize
San Jose
Panama
Managua
San Salvador
Guatemala
Mexico
S. Domingo
Nassau
St MaartenSan Juan
Antigua
St Lucia
Cayenne
Georgetown
St Vincent
Dominica
Anguilla
St Kitts
Tortola
Gd Cayman
Bermuda
RSMC Miami
Montserrat
Barbados
RTH
NMC
Centre in other region
MTN circuit
Interregional circuit
Regional circuit
Regional multipoint circuit via satellite (VSAT)64 kb/s Rec & 4 kb/s Trans
64
64
56 + 19.2
9.6
64
4
Buenos Aires
Brasilia
Tokyo
Pretoria64
Bogota
IMTNFR 1.5M
(CIR:32/768)
Melbourne
IMTNFR 256
(CIR:16/32)
Turks & Caicos
EMWIN Receiver
AFTN-Met-ATC64
AFTN circuit
64
Papeete
Honiara
Noumea
Jakarta
ASMCSingapore
Bangkok
Manila
Brunei
PortMoresby
2.4 X.25
9.6 TCP/IP
9.6 TCP/IP
RSMCDarwin
Exeter
AFTN +GTS4.8
TCP/IP
Apia Pago-Pago
Micronesia
RSMCNadi
Port Vila
AFTN+GTS9.6 X.25
Wellington
RSMCHonolulu
Guam
Melbourne/Brisbane
Moscow
E-mail gateway to: Cooks IslandsVanuatuNiueSamoaTongaFunafutiKiribati
AFTN+GTS 9.6 X.25
AFTN+GTS9.6 X.25
56 TCP/IP +19.2 X.25
128 TCP/IP
WashingtonTokyo
New Delhi
Kuala Lumpur
IMTN-MDCNFR 256
CIR<32>
IMTN-MDCNFR 256
CIR<32>
IMTN-MDCNFR 1.5 M
CIR<32/768>
FR 256CIR<8>
FR 64CIR<8>
FR 2MCIR<384>
FR 64CIR<16>
FR 64CIR<32>
FR 64CIR<8/4>
FR 192CIR<16>
NO
NO
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
FR 128CIR<32>
Via Toulouse
IMTN-MDCNFR 256
CIR<64>
RTH in Region V
NMC in Region V
Centre in other region
MTN circuitRegional circuitInterregional circuitAdditional circuit
Non-IP linkIP link
NO Not operational
FR Frame RelayCIR Committed Information Rate
FR 64CIR<16>
FR 64CIR<16>
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region V (South-West Pacific)
point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kbit/s)
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region VI (Europe)Figure 1 - point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kilobit/s)
Dublin
Tirana
Beirut
Washington
Nairobi
Cairo
New Delhi
Jeddah
Casablanca
TripoliTunis
Beijing
RTH
NMC
Centre in other region
MTN circuit
Regional circuit
Interregional circuit
Ljubljana
Athens
Brussels
Kishenev
Kiev
Tbilisi
Bucharest
HelsinkiOslo
Zagreb
WarsawMinsk
Malta
Amman
Bet Dagan
Reykjavik
SondreStormfjord
De Bilt
Lisbon
Budapest
Bratislava
Vilnius
Riga
Prague
Zurich
Damascus
Ankara
Larnaca
Khabarovsk
Novosibirsk
Tashkent
Tehran
64
64
64
64
9.6
2.4
9.6
Nairobi
0.05
64
19.2
0.05
7.2-28.8
0.050.05
0.164
9.6
9.6
0.2
NI
NI
NI
9.6
9.6
9.6
N/O
9.6NI
NI
Dakar
0.1
Beijing
FR 256 (CIR:64)
64
128
Hanoi
Almaty
Yerevan
Algiers
Madrid
2.4
32
8
32
16
16
256/128
16
24
48
64
64
32
64
8/16
8
8
16
16
16
8/3232/64
64
32
32/96
48/16
32/8
64/8
RMDCN Committed Information Rate
64
8
16/8
24/8
* The RMDCN circuit Helsinki - Tallinn is not yet in the RTMN plan, but replaces the former GTS connection of Tallinn
Belgrade
Exeter
Toulouse
Rome
Copenhagen
Norrköping
Vienna
Tallinn
19.2
ECMWF
16/8
16/64
Offenbach
16/8
64/8
16/8
128/64
19.2
NI
NI
N/O
64/8
Baku
8/16
64/8
Skopje
Moscow
Sofia
NI
N/ON/O
16/8
48
Melbourne
16
16/8
16/8
8
64
Exeter
Sofia
Network IINetwork II
Melbourne
Buenos Aires
TokyoBeijing
Nairobi
Washington
The Improved Main Telecommunication NetworkThe Improved Main Telecommunication Network
Network INetwork I
Jeddah
Prague
Toulouse
Dakar Algiers
Offenbach
Brasilia
Cairo
Managed data communication network
Point-to-point services
New Delhi
Moscow
World Weather Watch Global Telecommunication System
(GTS)
GTS Network
World Meteorologic
al Centres
WWW GTS
Regional/Specialized Meteorological
CentresNational
Meteorological
Centres
Meteorological and R&D Satellite Operator
Centres
Current GTSNational, Regional, Specialized, and World Meteorological Centres
Meteorological Satellite Operator Centres
Information management – Information exchange –
5 GAW World Data Centres
GCOS Data Centres
Global Run-off Data Centre
IRI and other climate research institutes
Universities
Regional Climate Centres
International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO.. )
Commercial Service
Providers
World Radiation Centre
Regional Instrument Centres
WMO World Data
Centres
common procedures; real-time and non-real timea few standard data formats; coordinated metadata and catalogues
Real-time “push”
On-demand “pull”
internet
DCPC
NMC/DCPC
NMCNMC
NMC/DPCP
NMC
NMC
NMC
NMC
NMC
NMC
GISC
GISCGISC
SatelliteTwo-Way System
Satellite Dissemination
NMC
NMC
DCPC
GISC GISC
DCPC
WISWIS
WIS brings new features and opportunitiesWIS brings new features and opportunities
Common information exchange standards, functions and
services for all WMO programmes
Inter-disciplinary discovery, retrieval and exchange of information in real and non-real time
On-line catalogues using metadata based on ISO 19100 (geographic information standard)
Industry standards and off-the-shelf hardware and software systems to ensure cost-effectiveness and inter-operability
Common information exchange standards, functions and
services for all WMO programmes
Inter-disciplinary discovery, retrieval and exchange of information in real and non-real time
On-line catalogues using metadata based on ISO 19100 (geographic information standard)
Industry standards and off-the-shelf hardware and software systems to ensure cost-effectiveness and inter-operability
Interoperability of Information Systems
GTS / WIS What does it offer?GTS / WIS What does it offer?
Top down, Bottom up?
Within the GTS we work from the middle out.
We provide the infrastructure & basis to enable all the combined activities we support to be effective!
The GTS/WIS can provide the middleware of an effective, sustained, reliable multi-hazard EWS as part of an integrated disaster risk management / reduction strategy!
Top down, Bottom up?
Within the GTS we work from the middle out.
We provide the infrastructure & basis to enable all the combined activities we support to be effective!
The GTS/WIS can provide the middleware of an effective, sustained, reliable multi-hazard EWS as part of an integrated disaster risk management / reduction strategy!
GTS / WIS What does it offer?GTS / WIS What does it offer?
Data availability is a critical need both for local data getting “out” and “outside” data getting in!
These programs we are discussing simply will not be effective or sustainable without sound infrastructure – middleware!
The GTS/WIS today reaches out to and supports 187 countries and numerous organizations!
Data availability is a critical need both for local data getting “out” and “outside” data getting in!
These programs we are discussing simply will not be effective or sustainable without sound infrastructure – middleware!
The GTS/WIS today reaches out to and supports 187 countries and numerous organizations!
Key issueKey issue
iii) Challenges of developed and developing countries, related to resource requirements for development of warning communication and dissemination capabilities?
Don’t forget legacy technologies.
Low tech is often affordable tech as well as maintainable tech and often already exists.
Utilize existing capabilities while growing new ones.
Identify existing core capabilities and build to create sustainable EWS
iii) Challenges of developed and developing countries, related to resource requirements for development of warning communication and dissemination capabilities?
Don’t forget legacy technologies.
Low tech is often affordable tech as well as maintainable tech and often already exists.
Utilize existing capabilities while growing new ones.
Identify existing core capabilities and build to create sustainable EWS
Remember!Remember!For every:
1 Euro 1 Ringitt
1 Dollar 1 Rupee
1 Yen 1 Bhat
1 Franc 1 Rand
1 Ruple 1 Dinar Spent on pre-disaster preparedness
For every:
1 Euro 1 Ringitt
1 Dollar 1 Rupee
1 Yen 1 Bhat
1 Franc 1 Rand
1 Ruple 1 Dinar Spent on pre-disaster preparedness
The payback is 5 times in post disaster response costs.
The systems will pay for themselves.
More importantly we will save lives and property and reduce suffering.
The payback is 5 times in post disaster response costs.
The systems will pay for themselves.
More importantly we will save lives and property and reduce suffering.
