SYMBIOSIS: I GET BY WITH A

LITTLE HELP FROM MY FRIENDS….

OBJECTIVE: Identify Different

Interactions among species

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Habitat: The ecosystem in which an

organism lives.

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Niche: Full range of physical and

biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way the organism uses those conditions.

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS A Niche Includes:

Food: What it eats and how it’s obtained, where is it on the food web? What eats it?

Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water, fresh water, heat, protection, etc.)

Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms, interactions with others

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS How is a niche

different from a habitat?

VS

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Competition: When organisms attempt

to use an ecological resource at the same time in the same place.

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Competitive Exclusion Principle: Two

species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if other ecological factors are constant.When one species has even the slightest

advantage or edge over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in the long term.

Behavioral shift, or evolutional shift to a different niche.

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Predation: When one organism captures

and eats another organism.

SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS SYMBIOSIS is the interaction between 2

different organisms living together

HOST- usually the LARGER of the 2 organismsSYMBIONT- usually the SMALLER member

MUTUALISM Is a relationship between the

host and a symbiont, where both organisms benefit and neither is harmed.

The relationship can be long or short term.

For example, the host flower benefits by being pollinated by the traveling butterfly. The symbiont butterfly benefits from the nectar that it extracts from the flower.

COMMENSALISM Is a relationship between the host

and symbiont, where the symbiont benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed.

The symbiont benefits by receiving transportation, housing, and/or nutrition.

For example, barnacles receive transportation from the host whale. The host whale is neither helped nor harmed by the barnacles.

PARASITISM Is a relationship where the

Symbiont lives in/on the Host The Symbiont (or Parasite)

BENEFITS The Host is HARMED For example, the tick in the

picture above is a parasite. It benefits by extracting blood from its human host. The human is harmed because

SYMBIOSIS IN NATURE Write the partner, what happens in the

relationship, and then identify the relationship asParasitism,Mutualism, orCommensalism

RHINOCEROS AND THE…

Oxpeckers eat ticks on the rhinoceros’s back.

OXPECKER

This is an example of: MUTUALISM

MARIBOU STORK AND THE…

Stork cuts up dead animals that it eats with its beak. Bees lay eggs on the carcasses that provide food for the eggs.

BEE

This is an example of: COMMENSALISM

GAZELLE AND THE…

Feed next to each other and warn each other when predators come.

OSTRICH

This is an example of: MUTUALISM

BISON AND THE…

Cowbird follows the bison and eats the insects in the grass.

COWBIRD

This is an example of: COMMENSALISM

DEER AND THE…

Live on deer and suck their blood.

TICK

This is an example of: PARASITISM

ARMY ANTS AND ….

• Silverfish follow ants and eat ants’ prey

SILVERFISH

This is an example of: Commesalism

BLACK SEA BASS AND THE…

Wrasse fish eats parasites on black sea bass.

WRASSE FISH

This is an example of: MUTUALISM

SHARK AND THE…

Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal.

REMORA

This is an example of: COMMENSALISM

SPRUCE TREE AND THE…

Mistletoe grows on spruce trees and uses its water and nutrients.

MISTLETOE

This is an example of: PARASITISM

YUCCA MOTH AND THE…

Yucca moth pollinates yucca plant and lays its eggs on the flower.

YUCCA

This is an example of: MUTUALISM

WARBLER AND THE…

Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal.

CUCKOO

This is an example of: PARASITISM

HONEY BADGER AND THE…

.

HONEYGUIDE BIRD

This is an example of: MUTUALISM

CLOWNFISH AND THE….

Clownfish feeds on animals which could harm the sea anemone, and the sea anemone gets nutrients from clown fish waste.

SEA ANENOME

This is an example of: MUTUALISM