Swedish International Development Agency

Swedish International Development Agency

SESSION 11

United Nations Environment ProgramDivision of Technology Industry and Economy

CP and MEA policy integration

ACME Applying CLEANER PRODUCTION to MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS

1/ Background information> What does “policy making” refers to?

2/ Cleaner Production> Links between CP and MEA policies?

3/ UNFCCC> National policies?

4/ Basel Convention> National policies?

5/ Stockholm Convention> National policies?

6/ Policy development> What are the crucial elements in the policydevelopment cycle?

OUTLINEObjectives of this session

ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 2 / 22

“Policy making” refers to:

> a long-term, interactive, iterative and multi-stakeholder process, to develop a framework to implement a certain policy, and to evaluate and modify its implementation on a regular basis.

> elaborating a policy document or a policy statement – such as a national policy. This is only one part of the policy development process.

BACKGROUNDDefining “Policy”


Policy is not equivalent to ‘regulations’ or ‘a legal framework’.

Policy represents a pallet / toolbox of possible instruments for policy instrumentation varying from ‘stick’ to ‘carrot’.

BACKGROUND“Policy” versus “Regulation”


Legislation Financial

Technical Communication

BACKGROUNDGeneric toolbox for policies


BACKGROUNDRange of policy instruments


CLEANER PRODUCTIONMEA versus CP

MEAs are ‘focused’ on one single issue. ≠ CP is integrated.

MEA starts from the command-and-control

(top-down) ≠ CP starts from the voluntary actions

(bottom-up)


LEGISLATION> Environmental norms and regulations.> Specific CP laws.> Mandatory CP assessments.> Link with permitting.

FINANCIAL> Emission fees and non-compliance fees.> Customised tax systems.> Grants, subsidies.> Financial assistance.

TECHNICAL> Technical guidelines.> Service support centres.> Clearinghouses.

COMMUNICATION> Voluntary agreements / industry codes of practices.> Education / awareness campaigns.> Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers.> (Non-financial) award systems.

AnalysisCLEANER PRODUCTION


UNFCCCAnalysis

LEGISLATION> Regulations> Standards

FINANCIAL> Energy and CO2 taxes> Green taxation> Energy / electricity subsidies> Subsidies renewable systems> Green certificates

TECHNICAL> Research & development> Capacity building> Assessment guidelines> Overview of BAT’s

COMMUNICATION> Voluntary agreements> Information> Education> Public awareness campaigns.


Tax system > Price on energy and/or tax on carbon or green taxation determines behavior of target group.> Inadequate pricing (or even subsidising) energy perhaps stimulates economic growth but is contra-productive to efficiency improvement.> Innovative tax systems (on physical terms instead of labour and income).

Voluntary agreements> Covenant approach (Netherlands).> Long-term agreement.> Target setting, no strict compulsary prescription of measures.> Flexibility and transparency are crucial elements for industry to develop strategy.

UNFCCCExamples


Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives

http://www.unfccc.int/national_reports/items/1408.php

UNFCCCReferences / information sources


BASEL CONVENTIONAnalysis

LEGISLATION> Preventive Rules in WM Acts> National Action Plans> Product Ordinances> (Compulsary) audit schemes

FINANCIAL> Eco-tax on products> Tailored tax for disposal> Licensed charges > R&D funds for Eco-design

TECHNICAL> Guidelines with BAT’s> Eco-design guidance> Demonstration projects> Technical support centres

COMMUNICATION> Extended Producer Responsibility > Eco-labelling


Compulsary standards / bans> Strict rules what kind of components / raw materials can be used in production.> Bans what kind of chemicals can be disposed (e.g. not allowed for landfilling, so either expensive treatment or incineration or incentive to seek way for avoiding).

Eco-labelling / EPR> Extended Producer Responsibility (e.g. voluntary agreements) including:

- Eco-design- Take back responsibility- Eco-labelling (clear information of consistence of product and how to dispose it)

Examples BASEL CONVENTION



http://www.basel.int/natreporting/status.html

References / information sourcesBASEL CONVENTION


STOCKHOLM CONVENTIONAnalysis

LEGISLATION> National Implementation Plans> National Inter-depart. Councils> Tailored (CP) Laws> Specialised POP’s Laws

FINANCIAL> Support for developing NIP’s> Support for destroying POP’s> Support for substituting POP’s

TECHNICAL> Specialised support centres> Overview BAT’s> Monitoring programmes> Establishment analytical laboratories

COMMUNICATION> Registers> Information Exchange Networks> PR Campaigns


National Implementation Plan> Requirement under the Convention> Good examples: Philippines, Switzerland, Canada, Armenia

- Nice mix of instruments- Priority to Cleaner Production- Mix of policies and capacity building / awareness raising actions- Multi-stakeholder involvement

Information clearing houses> Stockholm Convention has developed already an online system, so seek suggestions for process changes, materials substitution, etc. per sector and/or waste stream

ExamplesSTOCKHOLM CONVENTION



http://www.pops.int/documents/implementation/nips/submissions/default.htm

References / information sourcesSTOCKHOLM CONVENTION


1.Analysis of the current

situation (problems / barriers / needs)

4.Implementation

5.Evaluation

2.Set priorities

and objectives3.

Policy development, including strategy,

action plan and instruments

POLICY DEVELOPMENTTheoretic development cycle


During the start of policy making> Stakeholder analysis (needs, motivation, interests)> Evaluation of existing system (instruments, implementation stage, acceptance, barriers / problems, effectiveness)> Building consensus and common goal> Identification priorities> Define clear and measurable objectives

When defining the policies> Selection of a mix of instruments> Design strategy and action plan for implementation> Information and education campaigns> Monitoring of the implementation> Evaluation of the policy effectiveness> Periodic policy adjustment

Specific stepsPOLICY DEVELOPMENT


General observations> There is no one single ‘right’ way of policy development.> Policy development is a long-term, repetitive process.> Regular evaluation and modification are necessary.

Basic conditions for good policy development> Political will.> Interest of relevant stakeholders.> General awareness.> Policy continuity and stability.> Adaptation to local conditions.

ConclusionPOLICY DEVELOPMENT


Crucial elements of policies:

> Integrative approach;

> Seek for the most optimum mix of instruments;

> Clarity on hierarchy;

> Strive for mainstreaming;

> Development via multi-stakeholder approach.

CONCLUSIONWarp up of the session


CONCLUSIONEnd of session 11

Thank you for your attention…Any questions?


Documents

Swedish International Development Agency