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Sustainable Water Use – Managing RiskFood and Beverage Industry
Taahirah Ghoor & Raldo Kruger
23 March 2018
In partnership with
“Innovation during times of drought”
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• Sector development agency
• We help businesses identify opportunity areas for adopting green technologies and services
• We work closely with technology providers, businesses, academia and government
• Independent, do not endorse specific brands or companies
GreenCape
Pathway to Sustainability
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Understand water uses and
risks
Reduce water use
Water reuseAlternative water
supply
Increasing cost and complexity
Level 6b restriction: 45% reduction on 2015 consumption (pre-drought)
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Questions
‒ How many kl of water do you use per month?
‒ Where is the water used, what process in your facility contributes the most to your water consumption?
‒ If water in product, how many kl of water do you use to produce 1 unit of product?
‒ Is potable water used in areas where it is not necessary (toilets)?
Water audits
Installing meters and regular monitoring, (incl. leak detection)
-> Vineyard Hotel:
‒ Installed 20 additional water meters (R65 000).
‒ Discovered leak on dishwasher machine valve, saved 13 000 L / day.
‒ Overall reduction of 30% (saving of R107 940 over 6 months)
Understand water uses and risks
Reduce water use Water reuseAlternative water
supply
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Water efficient processes
‒ Fix leaks and faulty / leaking equipment & service equipment on a regular basis -> procedure
‒ Optimise the operation of cooling systems (insulation and evaporation)
‒ Sweeping or mopping floors rather than spraying down floors, signing out hosepipes
‒ Staff training and guest awareness programs -> posters
Water-wise behaviour
‒ Reduce pressure, close some taps
‒ Water displacement in toilets
‒ Smaller buckets
Efficient fittings & technologies
‒ Tap aerators and sensor (autostop)
‒ Waterless urinals and/or Hold flush or dual flush toilets
‒ Water efficient dishwashers & washing machines
‒ Air cooling Refrigeration
Understand water uses and risks
Reduce water use Water reuseAlternative water
supply
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Understand water uses and risks
Reduce water use Water reuseAlternative water
supply
Water Consumption (kl per mnth) 50
Water tariff (R per kl) R 57.00
Water Sanitation (R per kl) R 44.00
Water (R per mnth) R 5,050.00
Current Cost (taps per mnth) R 252.50
No. of taps 6
Aerator (4litres per min ~ 60%) R 80.00
Saving (R per mnth) R 151.5
Payback period (mnths) 3.2
Cleaning; 20%
Taps; 5%
Toilets; 5%
Refridgeration; 15%
Production; 55%
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Cleaning Process
‒ Sweeping or mopping floors rather than spraying down floors
‒ Top to bottom cleaning (same water)
‒ Potentially replacing some water washing steps with
sanitiser
Cleaning Chemicals
‒ Fit for purpose (grease/non-grease)
‒ Less Rinsing
• Compatible (both anionic or cationic)
• Foam (improved contact time)
• Lower levels of caustic
Understand water uses and risks
Reduce water use Water reuseAlternative water
supply
Contact Time
TemperatureConcentration
Mechanical Action Contact
Time
Temperature
Concentration
Mechanical Action
Trial each change -> test, verify (swab) -> Adjust procedure
Contact Time
Temperature
Concentration
Mechanical Action
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Fit for purpose water (not potable for toilets)
‒ Reuse between cycles (ex. CIP - if rinse more than once)
‒ Production water (bottle washing) -> floors
‒ Handwashing water -> toilets
Note: Water treatment systems is increasingly expensive per volume of water required,
therefore only treat what you really need
Understand water uses and risks
Reduce water use Water reuseAlternative water
supply
Sustainable water use
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Understand water uses and
risks
Reduce water use
Water reuseAlternative water
supply
• Commit
• Water audits
• Meter and monitor,
(incl. leak detection)
• Behavioral change
• Water-wise
behaviour
• Efficient processes
• Efficient fittings &
technologies
• Water-wise
landscaping
Increasing cost and complexity
• Process cooling
water
• HVAC
condensate
• Hand washing
water
• On-site effluent
• Treated effluent
Industrial effluent reuse
Every 1 kl of water reused onsite saves ~R100 (R57/kl for potable water + R44/kl for sanitation)*
Quality Beverages
Soft drink manufacturing and bottling company (Jive, Mountain Dew and Mirinda etc.)
Educational campaign
Employee water consumption targets
Reuse of rinse water from cleaning bottles: collected, filtered and reused in other stages
Monthly water savings (kl) 3 000 kl
Cumulative savings (by end Jan 2018) R870 000
Total capital investment (2017) R140 000
* This excludes charges relating to wastewater quality, which may increase
Treated effluent
Treated wastewater from
municipal WWTW
In Cape Town, the cost is R5.30/kl
(compared to municipal water
supply of R57/kl).
Collect at designated collection
points
Connect to existing treated
effluent reticulation system.
Untreated, it is suitable for toilet
flushing, fire systems and other
appropriate uses.
Can be treated onsite to required
quality
Sustainable water use
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Understand water uses and
risks
Reduce water use
Water reuseAlternative water
supply
• Commit
• Water audits
• Meter and monitor,
(incl. leak detection)
• Behavioral change
• Water-wise
behaviour
• Efficient processes
• Efficient fittings &
technologies
• Water-wise
landscaping
Increasing cost and complexity
• Rainwater
• Storm water
• Basement water
• Groundwater
• Process cooling
water
• HVAC
condensate
• Hand washing
water
• On-site effluent
• Treated effluent
Alternative water supply: rainwater
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Plastics company
Roof area (m²) 6 487
Tanks size (kL) 240
Demand / month (kL) 400 200?
Alternative water supply: rainwater
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Roof area (m²) 404
Tanks size (kL) 20
Demand / month (kL) 10
Demand / year (kL) 120
1 year average water harvested (kL) 93
Water saving (at R57/kL) R5 273,07
Sanitation saving (at R44/kL) R4 070,44
Total annual saving R9 343,51
Alternative water supply: rainwater
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Roof area (m²) 3042
Tanks size (kL) 60
1 year average water
harvested (kL) 400
Rand (at R57/kL) R22 731,60
Rand (at R44/kL) R17 547,20
Total R40 278,80
Alternative water supply: rainwater
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• Bayside Mall – storm water and rainwater harvesting (case study)
• UCT Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG Rainwater harvesting tool)
(http://cip.csag.uct.ac.za/webclient2/waterharvest/)
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Understand water uses and risks
Reduce water use Water reuseAlternative water
supply
Basement water harvesting• reduce water consumption since 2010,
• supplying up to 70% of HO water usage.
• 1,2 million litres a month.
Alternative water: Basement water harvesting
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Collection
• Raw seepage water from all underground sumps is pumped into a central PVC tank collection point
Ozone Circulation
System
• Oxidation is calculated to kill all biological entities, including E-coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Legionella and many others
Filtration + Reverse Osmosis
• 2 sand filters and 1 carbon filter
• High pressure reverse osmosis
Chlorination dosing system
• In order to keep the distribution lines clean of biological growths
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Alternative water: Ground water abstraction
New restrictions apply to borehole and well point abstraction too (use
45% less than pre-drought)
Long term alternative / supplement water source if used sustainably.
Water use licence takes up to 300 working days to approve, and costly
(~R150 000; without treatment)
Case study: Beverage company
‒ Use ~8 million litres / month
‒ Borehole, treatment system cost ~R4m
‒ Plan to use no municipal water
Case study: small food company
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Alternative water
Storage, pumping and treatment infrastructure can be utilised with
alternative water sources.
Rainwater
(winter) Basement Groundwater
(summer)
Treatment
system
Non-potable
uses (30%)
Potable uses
(70%)
(Treated effluent)
Alternative water sources
RPZ valve: Reduced Pressure Zone Valve
City of Cape Town’s guidelines to alternative water sources – mandatory
to prevent potentially dangerous alternative water from contaminating
drinking water system on the premises and for surrounding area.
Must be installed by registered plumber.
https://www.greencape.co.za/assets/Uploads/Alternative-water-
installation-guidelines-29-Nov-2019.pdf
Useful resources
Posters for staff awareness (developed by CoCT)
Supplier database for water technologies and services
(110% Green webpage)
National Cleaner Production Centre for free industrial water
efficiency audits contact Andre Page:
‒ 021 658 2762
‒ http://ncpc.co.za
GreenCape support to businesses
Business support in scoping for water solutions:
Independent guidance and support to help your business adapt to water constraints
Contacts for consultants and technology suppliers that could assist further
GreenCape’s business support page: www.greencape.co.za/water-business-support
Regular business support events (www.greencape.co.za/content/focusarea/water-events)
Email: [email protected] for assistance
Please let us know:
what support you need
your key water-related challenges
what are the impacts of the drought on your business and industry
Your success stories to promote as case studies
We’re here to help, for free
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Thank You
Taahirah Goor – Analyst: Waste Economy Programme
021 811 0250
Raldo Kruger – Water Sector Analyst
