Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning - Green Lotus...2015/06/01 · Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Dr. Toe Aung Director of Urban Planning Division Yangon City Development Committee

Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning

Dr. Toe AungDirector of Urban Planning Division

Yangon City Development Committee

Background and Objectives

• Yangon City, with a population of about 5.21 millionas of 2014, is the largest economic center of thenation, and experiences rapid urbanization andmotorization as the nation’s economic growth.

• The current rapid urbanization and motorization putmore and more pressure on the existing transportinfrastructure in Yangon City and its surroundingareas.

• The deteriorating urban transport situation hasbecome a serious concern socially, politically andenvironmentally.

• The objective is to ensure mobility and accessibility tourban services for the Greater Yangon’s people andsociety by an efficient and sustainable publictransport system and road network.


2

Connectivity with Ports, Logistic Facilities and Industrial Areas

Source: Based on the information from the Yangon Region Traffic Regulation Control Committee


3

Yangon Circular Railway

The average daily ridership of

Yangon Circular Railway and the

Suburban Lines in 2011 is 90,620

passengers/day and the daily

number of operated trains in the

lines is 200 train/day.

Yangon Circular Railway and the

Suburban Lines play an important

role as urban transport in Yangon

Region as a whole. However, the

operational performance and

capacity is quite poor due to the

deterioration of all infrastructures

and lack of proper maintenance.


4

Source: YUTRA Project Team


5

Even the sections in relatively good

condition in Yangon Circular Railway,

Yangon-Mandalay Main Line and Yangon-

Pyay Main Line in Yangon Region, which are

the most maintained line, the maximum

speed is approximately 25-30 km/hr, while

the other suburban lines are forced to

operate at quite slow speeds of 5-10 km/hr

due to terrible track conditions.

The time it takes to make a round trip of

Yangon Circular Railway, which has 47.5 km,

is approximately three hours (equivalent to

15 km/hr).

Inland Waterway TransportationYangon City Development Committee

6

1. Yangon River

2. Bago River

3. Hlaing River

4. Panhlaing River

5. Twante Canal

6. Pazundaung Creek

7. Khanaungto Creek

Bus one step48%

Bus two steps27%

Bus 3 Steps 4%

Circular Railway +Bus3%

Circular Railway1%

Ferry7%

Taxi2% Own Car

8%

7

Buses-79%

Rail-4%

Private cars +Taxis 10%


According to the survey conducted by Urban Planning Division, there are 48% of one-stage buses transportation, 27% in 2 stage, 4% in 3 stage. 3% using buses and railway transportation and only 1% for railway transportation. According to this, 79% uses buses for transportation mode which is indicating that most people use public transportation than any other countries.

Share of daily transportation in Yangon


8

Public Transportation system

Source: Ma Hta Tha

Administration

• Secure and Smooth Transport Supervisory Committee

(SSTSC)

• Yangon Region Central Supervisory Committee for Motor

Vehicle and Vessels (Ma Hta Tha), other organizations such

as Shwe Ae' The , Bandoola Transport, Than Myan Thu, Adi

Padi (Approximately20 Org..)

Bus Lines

• 400 Bus Lines in Total

• 8,000 Buses in Total ( Approximately )

• 5,800Buses Daily Run ( Approximately 73 % of total)

• 20,000 Trips per day ( Approximately)

• Ma Hta Tha – operated 134 Bus lines with 2530 different

type of buses/4,453 Drivers and 6,371 Conductors

employed.

Organizations involved in Transport Sector of Yangon RegionYangon City Development Committee

Responsibilities of each Government Agency

Source: YUTRA Report


10

Bus Transport Institutional Structure


YCDC’s involvement in Public Transportation

YCDC

City Planning & Land Administration Dept.

Engineering Dept. (Roads & Bridges)

Urban Planning Division

Land Administration

Division-2

Land Administration

Division-1

Administration Unit

GIS Unit

Admini-stration

DistrictEngineering

Offices

Special Construction

Teams

Traffic Engineering


Integrating Land Use Planning with Transportation Planning

Urban Planning Division

Branch (5) Urban Transportation & Road Network Planning

Urban Transportation

Planning

Road Network Planning

Traffic Planning

Port & Logistics Planning


The daily routine problems of the people of Yangonare facing as daily basis is traffic congestion andunappropriated public transportation system.

The problems between the buses and the privatecars have counter affects upon each two differentmodes. The problem is the number of vehicles in theYangon City jump to over 300,000 in June, 2013 afterthe Government permit import of vehicles fromabroad since the last two years. For now, theregistered vehicles increased to over 500,000 in theend of 2014.


14

33% in and to CBD

43% in and to Inner City

15

Based on OD survey, 33% of people work in CBD, 43% in Inner City, amounts to 76

%, 0r 3.95 mill. People working in 22% of city area


Total 76% of travels are towards inner city Zone & CBD

According to this OD pattern, 23% of thepopulation coming in to the CBD daily andabout 33% coming into inner city zone.

Moreover, 10 % of the population living in the CBD and 10 % living in the inner city and 56% ofdaily travelers, totally 76% of the population are working around this small area whichaccounts only 22% for the whole Yangon City. This explains travelling affects the land uses.

Current issues

Traffic Safety

Driver's manners are comparatively good in case of passenger cars.

The traffic accident rate of buses per 10,000 vehicles is extremely high.

The reason of high accident rate of buses are due to their operation system to pick up/

drop passengers on road side, higher driving speed, and overloading of passengers.


16

Congested Intersections and Road Sections in CBDSource: YUTRA Project Team


17

Congested Intersections and Road SectionsSource: YUTRA Project Team


18

Location of Existing Signalized Intersections (Outside the CBD)Source: YCDC


19

Proposed Traffic Management ProjectsYangon City Development Committee

20

Road Area of Metropolitan CitiesYangon City Development Committee

21

Composition of Number of Lanes


Source: YUTRA Report 22

Proposed Elevated Road (Waizayantar Road)Yangon City Development Committee

2323


A. Promotion of Social Understanding about Urban Transport Problems and

Issues

No transport policy and project would work effectively unless a wide and

profound understanding of transport problems, issues and future directions is

shared by the society.

To achieve this objective the following five strategies are suggested:

A1. Conduct of consecutive transport campaigns;

A2. Expansion of transport education;

A3. Strengthening of transport studies;

A4. Information disclosure.

Objectives and Strategies

24


B. Effective Management of Urban Growth and Development

Defining a vision of the future is highly important in the study area because a

fast increasing population and economy will have huge impact on urban

development and people’s lives. The transport sector is a critical part of urban

growth and management.

To achieve this objective, the following five strategies are suggested:

B1. Policy coordination within the Greater Yangon area;

B2. Authorization of City and Transport Master Plans;

B3. Development of hierarchical road network and

road classifications to guide design (and parking provision);

B4. Promotion of integrated urban and transport development, particularly

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD).

Objectives and Strategies (cont.)

25


C. Promotion and Development of Attractive Public Transport

Without public transport, the city’s future is untenable. Future public transport

must be provided in sufficient quantity and quality. An attractive public transport

system is the only solution which both city authorities and the people expect.

Suggested strategies are:

C1. Development of a hierarchal mass transit system;

C2. Early introduction of an integrated public transport

system (BRT) in the effort to maintain public transport share;

C3. Upgrading the present rail system;

C4. Development and improvement of bus transport system,

including reform of management systems and the business model;

C5. Promotion of public transport use and expansion of services.26



D. Efficient Traffic Control and Management

The current road capacity is not efficiently utilized due to widespread on-road parking,

various types of encroachments and poor traffic control and management. Infrastructure

capacity is largely dependent on how it is operated, managed and maintained. Better traffic

management will improve capacity as well as improve safety, amenity, and environment of

the city and its people. It is also reliant on better regulation, management and enforcement

combined with facility improvement and ICT technology. Suggested strategies are:

D1.Establishment of comprehensive traffic management system balanced with

better facilities for essential NMT modes such as cycling and walking;

D2. Strengthening of traffic regulation, enforcement and management;

D3. Management of freight transport;

D4. Establishment of parking policy and controls;

D5. Development of well-coordinated traffic control system.

27



E. Effective Transport Demand Management (TDM)

The problem of traffic congestion should not be addressed merely from the

supply side, i.e. expansion of infrastructure capacity. To ensure smooth traffic as

well as share in amore equitable manner the cost and benefit of traffic and

transport among stakeholders, various demand management measures (TDM)

would need to be introduced, such as:

E1. Integrating urban development and transport (TOD);

E2. Providing efficient public transport alternatives;

E2. Regulating motorized vehicle access and

proper charging of road use and parking.

28



F. Comprehensive Development of Transport Space and Environment

Transport infrastructure provides important public space for the use of traffic –

comprising different modes including walking – and for various urban services

and activities. For this, it is important to design and develop transport

infrastructure and services comprehensively to enhance the quality of urban

areas and activities. Suggested strategies are:

F1. Improvement of a safe transport environment for pedestrians and cyclists;

F2. Redistribution of transport space and improvement of traffic environment in

the city centre;

F3. Establishment of township transport development strategy.

29



G. Enhancement of Traffic Safety

Worsening traffic safety and an increase in traffic accidents are threatening the

wellbeing of the city and its inhabitants; especially pedestrians. Road safety is also

a priority issue at union government level. Suggested actions include:

G1. Establishment of traffic safety audit system;

G2. Elimination of traffic accident black spots;

G3. Improvement of licensing and vehicle inspection system;

G4. Strengthening of traffic enforcement system;

G5. Strengthening of first aid response system.

30



H. Strengthening of Transport Sector Administrative and Management Capacities

The tasks to be accomplished for the city’s present and future are enormous and

require a comprehensive and coordinated approach involving a wider range of

players. The role of the related authorities in leading the process is very

important. Suggested measures are:

H1. Reform of transport- related organizations;

H2. Promotion of private sector participation;

H3. Strengthening of planning and management capacity;

H4. Securing of development funds.

31


Main Features and Strategies of Yangon Urban Transport Plan


32Source: YUTRA Report

Free more space in the city

Flexible compared with light

railway and subway systems

Safe thanks to separate bus

lanes and platform-based

embarkation and

disembarkation

Profitable within a very short time


Benefits of BRT system High passenger capacity

Shorter travel time

Significantly reduced emissions and fuel consumption

33

7 corridors and 11 BRT routes introduced in the Comprehensive

Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon



Schematic Image of Station Improvement for Multi-Model Facility Integration


35

Transit Oriented Development

Source: YUTRA Project Team

Development Policy

•Utilize workshop area for development•Introduce following facilities;

business offices, commercial facilitiesresidential apartments, park & ride facility

•Integrate Inter-modal facilities(Railway, BRT, Feeder Bus, Taxi, Car)•Connect buildings by pedestrian deck•Separate pedestrians and vehicles•Introduce enough green space inside development area


36

Draft Conceptual Plan and Perspective Image for Insein Workshop Redevelopment


37

Proposed Organizational Structure for Yangon Urban Transportation AuthorityYangon City Development Committee


OVERALL OBJECTIVE:

To contribute to the integration of environment protection and people centeredprinciples into the policies and programs in Myanmar, thus pursuing theMillennium Development Goal 7a.

In response to the specific objective in the Call for Proposals –

To strengthen institutional and operational capacities of Local Authorities (LA) inMyanmar, to enable them to enhance the quality of public policies at local level,to reinforce local governance, and citizens' access to improved public services andbetter living conditions within their communities.


EU FUNDED PROJECT: SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:Strengthen the capacities of Local Authorities of Yangon City and promote citizen participation inurban mobility planning process as a key towards a sustainable urban environment

Based on this specific objective, the Action takes a three-pronged approach to implementation:

1. Build the institutional and technical capacity of the LA improving its strategic planning capacitythrough the transfer of good practices and models

2. Facilitate the access to appropriate technologies improving the staff capacities in order toincrease their performance in the planning processes

3. Encourage community participation in the decision-making and the dialog with the LAs,increasing their awareness on mobility issues

The local partner of the action is the YCDC, through its Department of City Planning and LandAdministration (CPLA) responsible for urban planning matters and of which, one of its five technicalsections is in charge of Urban Transportation and Road Network Planning.

The longer-term outcome of this action is to improve the citizen’s of Yangon quality of life. Byapplying best practices, results of the participative planning process fundamental to this project, awide range of issue important both to the authorities and to public are taken into account, to ensuremobility for all. At the same time the project will contribute to the process of social cohesion andinclusion, reinforcing the role of local communities and promoting the dialogue between localauthorities and the citizens.


SUSTAINABILITY AFTER COMPLETION OF THE ACTION

The two main factors ensuring sustainability is the building of capacities and thestrong link between the city of Turin and the city of Yangon.

Decisions taken will be based on better data and therefore increase the chances ofsuccessful interventions.

The website will continuously serve as a tool for communicating internally amongauthorities and externally towards the public.

Successful interventions will serve as inspiring examples for other townships and citiesand help spreading the tools and mechanisms proposed here. The project is to a largeextent built on capacity strengthening, knowledge transfer and awareness making,soft actions that are less dependent on donor funding and more of engaged andleading personnel.

Every joint effort will deepen the collaboration and engage more departments andindividuals increasing sustainability of the collaboration.

A successful project will lead to better mobility in the intervention townships and innearby townships. This will have strong positive effects on the environment byreducing pollution from cars and larger vehicles in multiple ways: 1) continuouslymoving traffic reduces transportation time thus, less pollution and 2) informedcitizens will change their behaviour and choose alternative means of transportation.


Conclusion

42


Challenge to Sustainable Urban Transport Development

Shared Vision, Common Agenda

Sector Constraints

Strategies

Master Plan

Recommendations

43


Implement the projects proposed in the master plan

Authorize and get the master plan approved

Setup Yangon Urban Transport Authority

Raise funding capability of the government by seeking various

additional revenue sources

Take necessary actions as soon as possible to launch the short-

term projects

Green promenade for pedestrians and cyclists

The toll/fare rate should be carefully looked

into in the feasibility study

Thank you

for your kind attention

44

Documents

Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning - Green Lotus...2015/06/01 · Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Dr. Toe Aung Director of Urban Planning Division Yangon City Development Committee