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8/14/2019 sustainable tourism.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sustainable-tourismppt 1/22
10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
• Recognize the world-wide importanceof natural resource conservation andsustainable tourism development.
• Learn how ecotourism can benefitlocal people.
• Understand the dangers andlimitations of ecotourism.
• Understand tourist codes of ethicsand guidelines.
• Learn current environmentalpractices of tourism organizations
and suppliers.• Learn how to maintain natural
destinations.
Learning Objectives
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
WTTCImplications of Resource Depletion
Political instability or increased
competition for land could lead to lossof potential new tourism destinations anddegradation of existing destinations.
Loss of landscape and wildlife could causea decrease in customer satisfaction withtourism products and hence lower
propensity to travel to some destinations.
Higher fuel prices could lead to operational price increases and corresponding
decreases in the number of travelersin this “price-sensitive market.”
8/14/2019 sustainable tourism.ppt
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Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
art Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Elements of the WTTCVision of Travel & Tourism
and the Environment Travel & Tourism is an integral aspect
of modern societies Global awareness of environmental damage
is developing rapidly
The resources of the world’s largest industrycan and must be harnessed to achieveenvironmental goals
The industry has the potential to influence billions
of customers per years and to use its leverage toachieve beneficial environmental effects
The customer challenge will exert a growingpressure to achieve environmental improvements
Environmental lobbies will add pressure to developgood environmental practice
Self-regulation must be developed rapidly andeffectively and used to influence the developmentof appropriate and workable regulations
Corporate environmental mission statementsare a vital first step toward self-regulation
Environmental leadership must come from themajor international companies
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
The Premises ofSustainable Development
• The Premise of Interdependency
• The Premise of Multidisciplinarity
• The Premise of Previous Experience
• The Premise that Nature is Better
• The Premise of Politics and Power
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Sustainable Developmentand Tourism:
The Critical Areas
• Defining the RelevantPopulation/Community
• Defining the Time Horizon
• Defining the Dimensionsof Sustainability
• Defining the Values thatUnderlie SustainableDevelopment
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Sustainable Developmentin Tourism:
A Possible Allocation of Responsibility
Level/Organization Responsibilities
Host Community/Region
Defining the tourism philosophy and vision for the community/region
Establishing social, physical and culturalcarrying capacity for the hostcommunity/region
Destination ManagementCommunity-Organization
Coordination of implementation of communitySD plan tourism
Monitoring of levels and impact of tourism inthe community/region
Individual TourismFirms and Operators
Fair contribution to implementation of SD planfor tourism
Observance of regulations, guideline andpractices for SD
Host Community/Region Encouragement/acceptance of tourism within
parameter of SD plan
Visitors/Tourists
Acceptance of responsibility for minimal self-education with respect to values of host region
Acceptance and observance of terms andconditions of host community SD plan for tourism
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Sustainable Tourism An Agenda for Action
ACTIVITIES:
Coordinating the development of a tourismphilosophy and vision for the community/region
Specifying the major goals of thecommunity/region with respect to tourism
Obtaining consensus concerning the social,
physical, and cultural carrying capacity ofthe community/region in question
Identifying the specific action initiativesnecessary to meet the tourism developmentobjectives while respecting the destination’scarrying capacities
Gaining agreement on the measures to be
used in monitoring the impacts of tourismin the community/region
Gathering and disseminating informationconcerning the impacts of tourism on thecommunity/region
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
PROGRAM ELEMENTS:
Maximum total visitation levelsto a community/region
An obligatory tax to support tourisminfrastructure planning, development,and maintenance
Community-supported legislation toprotect and preserve unique resourcesand heritage sites
Community and industry consensusconcerning architectural and signage
standards
Support for standards and certificationprograms that encourage staff developmentand the delivery of high-quality service
Sustainable Tourism
An Agenda for Action
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
• Responsible travel to natural areasthat conserves the environment andsustains the well-being of local people
• Environmentally friendly travel thatemphasizes seeing and saving naturalhabitats and archeological treasures
• A tool for conservation
• Ecologically responsible tourism
Definitions of Ecotourism
Some definitions of
ecotourism are as follows:
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
•Provides jobs and incomefor local people
•Makes possible funds topurchase and improve protectedor natural areas to attract more
ecotourists in the future
•Provides environmentaleducation for visitors
•Encourages heritage andenvironmental preservationand enhancement
Benefits and Importanceof Ecotourism
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Translating Idealism intoSustainable Tourism
- What Managers Need to Know -
Measures of
• The general relationshipbetween tourism and the
environment• The effects of environmental
factors on tourism
• The impacts of the tourismindustry on the environment
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Types of Indicators
• Core indicators of sustainable tourism
which have been developed for
general application to all destinations• Destination-specific indicators
applicable to particular ecosystems or
types of tourism. These indicators fall
into two categories: – Supplementary ecosystem -spec i f ic indicators for
application to particular ecosystems (e.g., coastal
areas, parks and protected areas, or mountainous
regions).
– Site-speci f ic ind icators that are developed uniquely
for the particular site. These indicators reflect
important factors of the site. Which may not beadequately covered by the core and supplementary
eco-system-specific indicator sets, but are
nonetheless needed for management of the
particular site.
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Core Indicators ofSustainable Tourism
Indicator Specific Measures
Site Protection Category of site protection according to IUCNa index
Stress Tourist numbers visiting site (per annum/peak month)
Use Intensity Intensity of use in peak period (persons/hectare)
Social Impact Ratio of tourists to locals (peak period and over time)
Development ControlExistence of environmental review procedure or formal controlsover development of site and use densities
Waste ManagementPercentage of sewage from site receiving treatment (additionalindicators may include structural limits of other infrastructuralcapacity on site, such as water supply)
Planning ProcessExistence of organized regional plan for tourist destination region(including tourism component)
Critical Ecosystems Number of rare/endangered species
Consumer Satisfaction
Level of satisfaction by visitors (questionnaire-based)
Local Satisfaction Level of satisfaction by locals (questionnaire-based)
Tourism Contributionto Local Economy
Proportion of total economic activity generated by tourism only
Composite Indicesb
Specific Measures
Carrying Capacity Composite early warning measure of key factors affecting the
ability of the site to support different levels of tourism
Site Stress Composite measure of levels of impact on the site (its natural
and cultural attributes due to tourism and other sector cumulative stresses)
Attractivity
Qualitative measure of those site attributes that make itattractive to tourism and can change over time
a International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
b The composite indices are largely composed of site-specific variables. Consequently, the identification and evaluation of the indicators
composing these indices require on-site direction from an appropriately trained and experienced observer. In the future, based on the
experiences in designing composite indicators for specific sites, it may be possible to derive these indices in a more systematic fashion.
See the case studies for Villa Gesell and Peninsula Valdes for application of these indices.
Source : World Tourism Organization
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Tourism IndustryAssociations of Canada
• Enjoy our diverse natural and cultural
heritage and help us to protect andpreserve it.
• Assist us in our conservation effortsthrough the efficient use of resources,including energy and water.
• Experience the friendliness of our people
and the welcoming spirit of ourcommunities. Help us to preserve theseattributes by respecting our traditions,customs, and local regulations.
• Avoid activities which threaten wildlifeor plant populations, or which may bepotentially damaging to our natural
environment.• Select tourism products and services
that demonstrate social, cultural, andenvironmental sensitivity.
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 17: Tour ism and the Environment
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tour ism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Common Featuresof All Codes
the need to make an overall commitmentto the physical and human environment,
to accept responsibility for environmentaldamage and take corrective action wherenecessary, and to promote and rewardoutstanding environmental performance;
the need to develop policies and strategiesthat take account of land-use planning
regulations and the need to protect someareas from further development;
the need to develop management policiesthat enhance beneficial and minimizeadverse impacts on the environment;
and
the need to cooperate with other firms,sectors and countries.
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 18: Travel and Tour ism Research
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Five: Essentials of Tour ism Research and Marketing
•Recognize the role and scopeof travel research
•Learn the travel researchprocess
•Study secondary data
and how it can be used•Understand the methodsof collecting primary data
•Know who does travel research
Learning Objectives
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 18: Travel and Tour ism Research
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Five: Essentials of Tour ism Research and Marketing
1. To delineate significant problems
2. To keep an organization or abusiness in touch with its markets
3. To reduce waste
4. To develop new sources of profit
5. To aid in sales promotion
6. To create goodwill
Uses of Travel Research
Some uses or functions of
travel research are:
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 18: Travel and Tour ism Research
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Five: Essentials of Tour ism Research and Marketing
1. Identify the problem
2. Conduct a situation analysis3. Conduct an informal
investigation
4. Develop a formal research
design5. Collect the data
6. Tabulate and analyze
7. Interpret
8. Write the report
9. Follow up
The Travel Research Process
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 18: Travel and Tour ism Research
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Five: Essentials of Tour ism Research and Marketing
Sources of InformationSecondary Data
Saves time and money if the data is related to your
problem and is relatively current.
The following criteria may be use to appraise the
value of information obtained from secondary data
sources:
1. The organizations supplying the data
2. The authority under which the data
was gathered
3. Freedom from bias
4. Adequacy from the sample
5. The nature for the unit in which the data
are expressed6. Accuracy of the data
7. Pertinency to the problem
8. Careful work
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10th Edition - 2006 Chapter 18: Travel and Tour ism Research
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Five: Essentials of Tour ism Research and Marketing
Basic ResearchMethods
• Focus Groups
• The Survey Method
Factual surveys
Opinion surveys
Interpretive surveys
Personal interviews
Telephone surveys
Mail surveys
Electronic devices
• Observational method
• Experimental method
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