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8/4/2019 Sustainable Terminals
1/21
Rethinking Terminal
Development forSustainable Hong Kong
Dr. James Jixian WANG
Department of Geography,
the University of Hong Kong
Sept 30, 2011 Hong Kong
8/4/2019 Sustainable Terminals
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Hong Kong as a Hub Place in
the Sustainable Era
How to develop sustainable transport terminals (port
and airport, even HSR station) for Hong Kong?
How Hong Kong as a regional transport hub in Asia to be
affected by the global movement towards sustainable
development?
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How to develop sustainable transport terminals
(port and airport, even HSR station) for Hong
Kong?
Role: Highly efficient terminal with excellent environmental
services and strong incentives to facilitate and encourage
clean cargo or passenger movements;
Process of infrastructure development: Green materials, green
and sustainable design, green construction process, minimized
disturbance to the existing ecological surroundings;
Ecological footprint in daily operation: safety, low energy
consumption, use of environmentally friendly energy (e.g.onshore power for vessels at port), effective recycling, better
management (e.g. air traffic management (ATM))
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Green airport upgrading:
O'Hare International, Chicago
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The O'Hare InternationalModernization Program has led
to a new benchmark for
sustainable airport development
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Green Airport Model in China: Kunming
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On port: Local initiatives learnt
Stakeholders are responsible,
including local government
Regional cooperation is amust
We need to work on all the
details
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How Hong Kong as a regional transport hub in
Asia to be affected by the global movement
towards sustainable development?
Triple Bottom-line ism -
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Worldwide shipping pollution
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Global shipping activities: among
the largest carbon dioxide emitters
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Sources of pollution from a ship
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Clean portis only one of the
three fronts ofclean shipping
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Green airportis only a small part of
green air transport
Contribution to
the reduction of
CO2 emissions in
air transport byeach component
CO2 Emissions
without efficiency
improvements
Source:
IATA
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Future Trends?
However, two fundamental changes in the maritime
shipping and air transport industry may effect Hong Kong
as a global transport/logistics hub and the rest of the
world substantially in long term
Slow-steaming in ocean shipping
Environmental tax/emission charge on airlines
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Cost and CO2 Reduction by Slow Steaming
A typical 8,000-container ship traveling at 21 knots will burn 125 metric
tons of fuel to go 500 nautical miles, (Lee Kindberg, Maersk). A ship that
reduces speed by 20% will use 40% less fuel, thereby reducing CO2emissions correspondingly.
The same ship will need just 80 metric tons of fuel to travel the same
distance if the speed drops to 15 knots.
For the 6,310-nautical-mile voyage from Hong Kong to Long Beach at
current bunker fuel prices, that's a potential savings on fuel of $250,000,
according to Maersk.
The concept of slow steaming took off in 2007 and was instrumental for
Maersk Line to cut CO2 emissions per container by 12.5% from 2007 to
2009. The goal is to reduce CO2 emissions by 25% in 2020.
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Compound Impacts of Slow-seaming
on Hong Kong Businesses Shipping companies: gain effectively, as stated also by COSCO.
Shippers: 92% of Asian shippers affected one way or another by the
slow or super slow steaming on long-haul shipping:
50+ % of container shipments delayed
50% more shippers had to increase the inventory
Payment being delayed
Terminals: a potential long-term impact will the concept of super-
large vessel + hub-and-spoke strategy continue to work? Or more
direct routing by large vessel to regional main port cities? Most importantly: Will this trend insisted by the major shipping
lines eventually lead to regionalization or localization of production
for local/regional needs?
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Environmental tax on airlines
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Environmental tax on airlines
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European union Emission
Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
Although strongly against by most non-EU countries, this is to
be the first emission charge to be implemented against the
bunker emitters the international transport sector including
air transport and shipping.
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Airlines may consider to slow the flying too!
Source:
William Roberson,
Robert Root, and
Dell Adams, (2010)
Engineer Fuel Conservation
Strategies:
Cruise Flight
70% of actual domestic flights in USA wereoperating a speed higher than the optimal
cruise speed, which generated extra 2-3%
more of CO2
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Concluding remarks
For our port and airport, we need to work hard on everyaspect in detail to meet the new challenges for a
sustainable future.
Slow-steaming in maritime shipping and emission charge
on air transport are the two major trends globally due
largely to the environmental concerns and the increasing
fuel price.
These two trends will affect the global and regional trade
pattern and travel pattern in long run, and hence the role
of Hong Kong as a hub city in Asia. we need to watchclosely and rethink the opportunities and directions of our
terminals as well as logistics industry, in order to respond
quickly and properly to sustain our development.