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Sustainable OperationsSustainable Operations
- Water in the Built - Water in the Built EnvironmentEnvironment
Sustainable Operations Sustainable Operations Summit 2008Summit 2008
Sarah H. BakerSarah H. Baker
World View of WaterWorld View of Water
97%97%
2.5% frozen2.5% frozen 0.5%0.5%
World ViewWorld View
• For high-income countries, water For high-income countries, water use is:use is:– 30% Agricultural30% Agricultural– 59% Industrial59% Industrial– 11% Domestic11% Domestic
Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Water Facts and Trends, 2005.
World ViewWorld View
• Industrial UseIndustrial Use– power plantspower plants– ore and oil refineriesore and oil refineries– manufacturing plantsmanufacturing plants
1 World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Water Facts and Trends, 2005.
World ViewWorld View
Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Water Facts and TrendsWater Facts and Trends, 2005., 2005.
Average Daily Water Use
323
3856
77
156
0
50
100
150
200
Mali China India Egypt France USA
Per
cap
ita,
gall
on
s
Federal GovernmentFederal Government
• Uses 244-256 billion gallons of water Uses 244-256 billion gallons of water annually (equal to water use of annually (equal to water use of Michigan)Michigan)
• Requires 138 billion BTUs of energy to Requires 138 billion BTUs of energy to process and use water (98% used to process and use water (98% used to heat water)heat water)
• Could conserve 40% of water—102.4 Could conserve 40% of water—102.4 billion gallons— annually with moderate billion gallons— annually with moderate efforts (enough water for Iowa)efforts (enough water for Iowa)
Source: Federal Energy Management Source: Federal Energy Management ProgramProgram
250,000,000,000 250,000,000,000 gallonsgallons
138,000,000,000 BTUs138,000,000,000 BTUs
102,400,000,000 102,400,000,000 gallonsgallons
Federal DirectivesFederal Directives
• EO 13423 - EO 13423 - Strengthening Federal Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy and Transportation Environmental, Energy and Transportation ManagementManagement – reduce water consumption intensity through life-reduce water consumption intensity through life-
cycle cost-effective measures by 2 % annually cycle cost-effective measures by 2 % annually through the end of fiscal year 2015 (16% total)through the end of fiscal year 2015 (16% total)
• Energy Independence and Security Act Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)(EISA)
ImplementationImplementation
• Assess and PrioritizeAssess and Prioritize
• Implement stategies through Implement stategies through EMSEMSEngineering practices = Engineering practices = Changing fixtures Changing fixtures
Behavioral practices = Behavioral practices = Changing attitudesChanging attitudes
• Monitor progressMonitor progress
Residential Water UseResidential Water Use
Source: 1999 Aquacraft, Inc. and American Water Works Association Research FoundationSource: 1999 Aquacraft, Inc. and American Water Works Association Research Foundation
Faucet, 6.3%
Unknown, 1.0%
Other, 0.9%
Shower, 6.8%
Toilet, 10.8%
Clothes washer, 8.7%
Bath, 0.7%
Dishwasher, 0.6%
Leak, 5.5%
Outdoor, 58.7%
Assess and PrioritizeAssess and Prioritize
• Water audits (10% of buildings/year)Water audits (10% of buildings/year)– Required by EO 13423 InstructionsRequired by EO 13423 Instructions– Part of our facilities inspectionsPart of our facilities inspections– Use life-cycle cost analysisUse life-cycle cost analysis
• Outdoor water ~60% of water useOutdoor water ~60% of water use• Bathroom ~45% of indoor water useBathroom ~45% of indoor water use• Leaks ~6% of water useLeaks ~6% of water use
Implement StrategiesImplement Strategies
• Use national Environmental Use national Environmental Management System (EMS) to Management System (EMS) to define Action Plansdefine Action Plans
• Continual improvement of Continual improvement of performance through EMS performance through EMS feedback loopsfeedback loops
Outdoor Water UseOutdoor Water Use
• Climate-appropriate landscapesClimate-appropriate landscapes• Water-efficient irrigation Water-efficient irrigation
systemssystems• Vehicle wash systemsVehicle wash systems
– If every car owner in the US who washes a If every car owner in the US who washes a car at home went to a water-recycling car car at home went to a water-recycling car wash for the next wash, the savings would wash for the next wash, the savings would total more than 4 billion gallons total more than 4 billion gallons
• Alternate water sourcesAlternate water sources
Alternate Water SourcesAlternate Water Sources
• Rainwater harvesting systemRainwater harvesting system– Capture (roof and gutters)Capture (roof and gutters)– Storage (barrels or tanks)Storage (barrels or tanks)– Delivery (pipes, pumps, and valves)Delivery (pipes, pumps, and valves)
• DetailsDetails– Cost $500 - $10,000+Cost $500 - $10,000+– Depends on rainfall and desired useDepends on rainfall and desired use– Properly size pipe, tank, and pumpProperly size pipe, tank, and pump
Alternate Water SourcesAlternate Water SourcesExample:Example: • 10” rain/year (NM)10” rain/year (NM)• 5000 ft5000 ft22 office office• 31,000 gallons 31,000 gallons
water/yearwater/yearExample:Example: • 35” rain/year (TX)35” rain/year (TX)• 5000 ft5000 ft22 office office• 109,000 gallons 109,000 gallons
water/yearwater/year• (at 50 gallons per (at 50 gallons per
car wash, this is car wash, this is 2180 carwashes!)2180 carwashes!)
Engineering PracticesEngineering PracticesFixtures (bathroom)Fixtures (bathroom)
•ToiletToilet
•Low-flow showerheadsLow-flow showerheads
•Faucet aeratorsFaucet aerators
• Low-flush toilets - 5.4 yrs. cost recoveryLow-flush toilets - 5.4 yrs. cost recovery• Displacement device - 1 to 2 gal. per flushDisplacement device - 1 to 2 gal. per flush
• Inexpensive Inexpensive • Reduce indoor water use by ~6% eachReduce indoor water use by ~6% each
• InexpensiveInexpensive• Reduces faucet water use by up to 60%Reduces faucet water use by up to 60%
Engineering PracticesEngineering Practices
Leak detectionLeak detection• Leaks are 5.5% of water use Leaks are 5.5% of water use • Potential for major property damagePotential for major property damage
Behavioral PracticesBehavioral Practices
Indoor water useIndoor water use
What to do:What to do: How much is saved:How much is saved:
Turn off the water when Turn off the water when brushing teethbrushing teeth
3 gallons per day 3 gallons per day
Shorten showers by one or Shorten showers by one or two minutes two minutes
5 gallons per day5 gallons per day
Fix leaky faucets Fix leaky faucets 20 gallons per day 20 gallons per day
Wash only full loads of Wash only full loads of laundry laundry
15 and 50 gallons per load 15 and 50 gallons per load
Outdoor water useOutdoor water use
What to do:What to do: How much is saved:How much is saved:
Water before 8 a.m. to Water before 8 a.m. to reduce evaporation and reduce evaporation and interference from windinterference from wind
25 gallons per day 25 gallons per day
Use a broom instead of a Use a broom instead of a hose to clean driveways and hose to clean driveways and sidewalkssidewalks
150 gallons each time 150 gallons each time
Check sprinkler system for Check sprinkler system for leaks, overspray and broken leaks, overspray and broken sprinkler heads. sprinkler heads.
500 gallons a month 500 gallons a month
Behavioral PracticesBehavioral Practices
Questions?Questions?