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Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:Efficiently using energy, water, and other resourcesProtecting occupant health and improving employee productivityReducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.This article is covering the same.
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PRESENTED BY: KAMIYA VARSHNEY
UNDERSTANDING THE TOPIC
GREEN BUILDING -
[A green building is one which uses less water,
optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides
healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a
conventional building.]
- Given by Indian Green Building
Council
CONSTRUCTION-[The action of building something.]
SUSTAINABLE
MATERIALS
[Sustainable materials
provide environmental,
social and economic
benefits while protecting
public health and
environment over their
whole life cycle, from the
extraction of raw
materials until the final
disposal.]
NEED FOR GREEN ALTERNATIVES
IGBC RATING SYSTEM
It evaluates environmental performance from a whole building perspective
over a building’s life cycle, providing a definitive standard for what
constitutes a “green building”.
The rating system is organized into following environmental categories:
- Sustainable Architecture and Design
- Site Selection and Planning
- Water Conservation
- Energy Efficiency
- Building Materials and Resources (12 / 100 POINTS)
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Innovation and Development
PARAMETERS FOR SELECTION OF MATERIALS
1) Embodied Energy: It is the sum total of energy that is used to extract,
process, package, transport and install the material in the building.
Minimizing embodied energy means minimizing the impact on the
environment.
2) Resource reuse: Includes saving a material from disposal and
renovating, repairing, restoring, or generally improving the appearance,
performance, quality, functionality, or value of a product.
3) Recycled Content: Products use with identifiable recycled content,
including post industrial content with a preference for post consumer content
to reduce the demand on new sourced virgin materials.
4) Reusable or recyclable: Select materials that can be easily dismantled
and reused or recycled at the end of their useful life. Consider installation
techniques which allows easy
dismantle and reuse of materials
5) Natural, plentiful: Use materials which are bio based and naturally
harvested from sustainably managed sources and preferably have an
independent certification (e.g., certified wood) and are certified by an
independent third party.
PARAMETERS FOR SELECTION OF
MATERIALS Contd..6) Indigenous or locally available are extracted, harvested, manufactured
locally or regionally which causes savings in energy and resources in
transportation to the project site and hence reduces environmental impacts.
7) Rapidly renewable material : Consider those materials which
substantially replenish themselves faster than traditional extraction demand
(i.e., planted and harvested in less than 10- year cycle) to reduce the
demand on limited/finite resources.
8) Material compliant with Clean air, Clean water: Select those
materials that emit few or no carcinogens, reproductive toxicants, containing
low VOCs , products and systems that restrain the growth of biological
contaminants in buildings. Use those equipments that promote healthy IAQ
by identifying indoor air pollutants or enhancing the air quality as most of a
person’s daily exposure to many air pollutants comes through inhalation of
indoor air. Water Conservation can be obtained by utilizing materials and
systems that consume as well as help in reducing water consumption.
9) Reduction of pollution at a stage of the material production:
Reduction in the use of fossil fuels during extraction and production
processing of building materials should be considered.
COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING
WALL
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS THAT REPLACES BRICK-1.AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE - made by mixing fly ash (up to 35%), quick lime, cement and gypsum, with foaming agent like aluminum powder
2.CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE - are lightweight and manufactured like normal concrete block but under ambient conditions by using Cement slurry, Sand, Fly Ash (26% - 34 % content) and water. They are sun dried hence no firing process is involved.
3.SOLID & HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS - saves materials and provides thermal insulation due to air cavity. Hollow brick/perforated with reinforcements can be used for structural application as flooring, roofing, walls4. FLY ASH BRICKS - It is manufactured from Fly ash, Gypsum, alum and stone crushing dust.
5.FAL-G STABLIZED COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS - Fal-G products are manufactured by fly ash, lime and calcined gypsum (a by-product of phosphogypsum or natural gypsum).
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
MASONARY WORK- BRICK??
DOOR
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS THAT REPLACES TIMBER – 1.WOOD-FSC (FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL) - FSC-certified wood is wood that is certified under the standards set by FSC or the Forest Stewardship Council. 2.FIBER GLASS DOORS 3.PARTICLE BOARD - are made from a hot pressed composite of wood-based waste materials bound together with formaldehyde resin
4.CEMENT BOUND BOARDS - 5.COIR BOARDS -It is extracted from coconut husk, the fibrous mass covering the coconut.
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
CARPENTRY WORK- TIMBER??
WINDOW
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS THAT REPLACES ABOVE1.LOW E- GLASS - Windows manufactured with Low-E coatings typically cost about 10%–15% more than regular windows, but they reduce energy loss by as much as 30%–50%.2.UPVC WINDOWS - UPVC has been specified as an alternative to wood. UPVC is environmentally friendly as they can be fully recycled and reused. 3.ALUMINUM SECTIONS – with Al as recycled content
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
OPENING - CLEAR GLASS, TIMBER FRAME??
CEILING
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS THAT REPLACES ABOVE-1.MINERAL FIBRES2.GYPSUM FIBER BOARDS CEILINGS3.BAGASSE BOARD4.WOOD WOOL BOARD5.ALUMINIUM EXTRUDED SECTIONS
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
CEILING FINISHES- POP, PAINT??
FLOOR
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS THAT REPLACES ABOVE1.BAMBOO - Bamboo flooring can be solid (made with only bamboo) or engineered (bamboo plus other woods).2.CORK FLOORING3.ORIENTED STRAND BOARD - OSB is an engineered sheathing panel created from layers of wood strands. 4.TERRAZZO FLOORING
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
FLOORING WORK- STONE, TILE??
ROOFSUSTAINABLE MATERIALS 1.MCR- MICRO CONCRETE ROOFING TILES - If MCR tiles are compared to standard industrial roofing products (i.e. asbestos), the MCR tiles prove to be a more viable option as it does not require more cement in its manufacture, the end product is cost efficient and is a direct result of the application of Appropriate Technology.
2.CLAY TILES3.SHINGLES4.PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AS ROOFING MATERIAL5.ICF- INSULATED CONCRETE FORM DECKS
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
INTERNAL PARTITION
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS THAT REPLACES BRICK-1.MDF BOARDS - Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into woodfibres, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure.
2.GYPSUM WALL BOARDS3.STRAWBOARD PANELS - Strawboard panels are made of solid core, compressed wheat or rice straw.4.SIPS- STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS - They consist of an insulating layer of rigid core (extruded polystyrene EPS) sandwiched between two layers of structural board (OSB, cement board etc.).
5.RICE HUSK BOARD - disposal of rice husk waste, is a serious environmental hazard, if it is burnt, so, Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute, Bangalore has come up with this new building material
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
PARTITIONING WORK- HALF-BRICK??
PAINT
LOW VOC PAINTS - Low VOC paint is paint with reduced levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
WALLWALLWALLWALL
ROOFROOFROOFROOF
DOORDOORDOORDOOR
WINDOWWINDOWWINDOWWINDOW
CEILINGCEILINGCEILINGCEILING
FLOORFLOORFLOORFLOOR
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
INTERNAL INTERNAL PARTITIOPARTITIO
NN
PAINTPAINTPAINTPAINT
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS:
•The concept of sustainable development is “Think globally act locally”.
•Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current
practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings
are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and
the natural environment by:
• Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
• Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
• Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.
REFERENCES• Sustainable construction materials & technologies – By Chun, Claisse & Naik• The Ecology of building materials – By Berge• Sustainability at the cutting edge – By Smith• toolbase.org• www.wiley.com• www.builditgreen.com• www.bmtpc.com• www.edcmag.com• www.greenbuildingsolutions.com• www.igbc.in• www.buildnova.com• www.usgbc.org• www.wbdg.org