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Sustainable income of indigenous community of Torghar, Pakistan: a viable
tool for poverty reductionTahir Rasheed
Outline of the Presentation
National significance of the ICCAs
Introduction: Torghar and its significance
Achievements to date
Challenges ahead
Our thrust /future plans
Major Active Indigenous Management Systems
Saq: CCAs
Pargure: CCAs in Pushtoon areas
Rakh: Traditional CCAs in Sindh, Punjab and Baloch Areas
Pehteik: stop illegal cutting of wood and its regeneration
Hajati: use of NTFPs from uplands
Major Active Indigenous Management Systems
Gram: complete the communal works of the village together
Mirzahoi: Maintenance of water resources, management of thousands years old Kareez system.
Major Active Indigenous Management Systems &
MythsMyths:
Shawans: Fairies as custodians
Pollution of range areas: is fatal
Sing special songs to please the fairies and gods of the pastures
Management History of the Torghar
An area 120 km north-west of Balochistan
1984: The idea of conservation in Torghar area
conceived
1985: Torghar Conservation Program (TCP) initiated
1994: Society for Torghar Environmental
Protection (STEP) established and registered
120 km to the north west of Balochistan, Pakistan
Land of Jalazai Pushtoons
Habitat of endemic and critically threatened species Critically threatened eco-system
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TORGHAR
Offer spectacular scenery, opportunities for viewing wildlife in their natural habitat and adventurous mountain sports (trophy hunting, hiking, gliding…)
Soil of an indigenous culture and language Important strategic area due to its international borders
SIGNIFICANCE OF TORGHAR
1986 Hunting Began
The first foreign hunters harvested 1 markhor and 4 urial for a fee of US$6,500 per urial and US$20,000 for the markhor, making the programme self-sufficient.
Funded by trophy hunting fees
Trophy hunting is not a goal , but a means to fund the conservation program.
Benefits to Indigenous Community
Since 1986 the trophy harvest has brought in a total income of US$1,716,800
US$287,200 paid to the government of Balochistan.
Utilization of funds: WATER SUPPLY
Community has developed water tanks, wells, channels, and storage dams.
IMPROVED LIVESTOCK
Has trained veterinary as well agriculture technicians.
Maintain fewer but healthier livestock.
IMPROVED AGRICULTURE
Assisted with development of agricultural fields and provided fruit and firewood sapling trees for orchards.
IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS
• Health Care• Provision of alternative sources of income• Education• Capacity building (vocational training)• Development of linkages with organizations
Lessons Learnt
Biodiversity conservation in Torghar has more to do with managing the needs of people than the application of modern wildlife science.
Schaller (1977) estimated a range-wide population of 2000 for Suleiman Markhor. The population in Torghar is now the largest in the world.
The Sustainable Use paradigm has proven a successful mean to conserve wildlife
The Torghar Program has successfully tied the local people’s economic well being to the abundance of Markhor and Urial.
Major Issues
Lack of awareness and trust among policy makers
Weak Laws
Erosion of Indigenous Practices
Documentation of indigenous knowledge
Tenure issues
Policy Recommendations
• Strengthen the cultural identity of indigenous/local communities, in particularly regarding natural resource management and conservation
• Document and re-affirm the cultural dimension of conservation
• Involve indigenous/local communities in conservation policy and planning
• Clarify and protect the intellectual property rights of indigenous people / communities
• Legal Cover to ICCAs