Sustainable development of nuclear energy from viewpoint ... · This presentation considers the role of the future ... 16 % share of energy from renewable sources in national gross

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INPRO Dialogue Forum on Collaborative Project

"Roadmaps for a Transition to Globally Sustainable

Nuclear Energy Systems"

Sustainable development of nuclear energy

from viewpoint of users of nuclear

technology

Presented

by

Pavlin Groudev

INRNE – BAS, Bulgaria

INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015 1

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. The role of the future development of nuclear energy in

Bulgaria for a sustainable development of the energy sector;

3. Bulgarian experience in development of nuclear energy and

vision for the future;

4. Options for technological innovations and expansion of

international cooperation for enhanced Nuclear Energy

sustainability

5. Conclusion

INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015 2

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Introduction

This presentation considers the role of the future

development of nuclear energy in Bulgaria for a

sustainable development of the energy sector in Bulgaria;

The presentation discusses the Bulgarian experience in

development of nuclear energy and vision for the future;

The presentation identifies some options of interest for

Bulgaria for enhanced Nuclear Energy sustainability.

20–23 October 2015 INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 3

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The role of the future development of nuclear energy in

Bulgaria for a sustainable development of

the energy sector

National Nuclear Programme

Nuclear energy is a major factor in the country's energy

mix in terms of high technology and production efficiency,

competitive prices and maintaining a high level of nuclear

safety and radiation protection.

In June 2011 the new Bulgarian Energy Strategy until 2020

was approved. The Energy Strategy is the basic document of

the national energy policy that reflects the political vision of the

Government for the European development of Bulgaria. The

Strategy complies with the current European framework for

energy policy and the world trends for development of energy

technologies.

4 INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015

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the energy sector

The main Energy Strategy priorities can be

summarized in the following five directions:

Ensuring the security of energy supplies;

Achieving the targets for renewable energy;

Enhancing of energy effectiveness;

Development of competitive energy market and policy

focused on assuring of the energy demands;

Defending the consumers’ interests.


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the energy sector

These priorities define the government’s vision for the

energy sector development in the coming years, namely:

Maintaining a reliable, stable and secure energy system;

Energy remains a leading branch of the Bulgarian economy

with clearly defined foreign commercial orientation;

Highlights on clean and low- emmission energy from nuclear

and renewable sources;

Balance among quantity, quality and prices of electrical

energy produced from renewable sources, nuclear energy,

coal and natural gas;

Transparent, efficient and highly professional management of

the energy companies.


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The role of the future development of nuclear energy

in Bulgaria for a sustainable development of

the energy sector

7

Source: ME

INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015

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the energy sector

8

National Targets 16 % share of energy from renewable sources in national gross final

energy consumption in 2020 (mandatory target)

25% increased energy efficiency

50% decreased energy intensity

EU Targets 20 % share of energy from renewable sources in the Community gross

final energy consumption in 2020 (mandatory target)

20 % energy saving

20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels


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the energy sector

Regarding nuclear energy, the Bulgarian Energy Strategy

until 2020 foresees preservation of the electrical power share

generated from nuclear energy.

This strategy will be implemented through long term

operation of the existing nuclear units and through new build

Assuming that the use of nuclear energy for peaceful

purposes contributes to economic and social development of the

country and enhancement of the standard of living, Bulgaria

reaffirms that during the use of nuclear energy, the protection of

the health of individuals, the population as a whole, including

future generations, and the environment have first and highest

priority.


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Bulgarian experience in development of nuclear

energy and vision for the future

Nuclear profile

• The Bulgarian nuclear energy program was launched in 1974

with the commissioning of the first nuclear power unit of the

Kozloduy NPP. Nuclear power in the country is concentrated at

the Kozloduy NPP site where six units have been built.

• Two WWER-1000 reactors are currently in operation, while

four WWER-440 have been shut down for decommissioning.

• An interim pool type spent fuel storage facility and a newly

built dry spent fuel storage facility are also located at the

Kozloduy NPP site. A State Owned Facility for treatment and

storage of low and intermediate level radioactive waste (RAW)

is situated on-site as well.


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Status of Nuclear Energy in Bulgaria

11

Kozloduy NPP WWER Type Reactors 6 Units

- 1&2 Units Shut down in 2002 - 3&4 Units Shut down in 2006 - 5&6 Units In operation - 7 Unit Feasibility study

Installed capacity 2000 MW(e) Status License for operation Info: www.kznpp.org

WSFSF – Kozloduy NPP Capacity 168 baskets Status License for operation

DSFSF- Kozloduy NPP Capacity : Stage-1 (2800 WWER-440 assemblies) Stage-1A ( 2486 WWER-440 assemblies) Status Permission for commissioning IRТ-2000 Research Reactor Status Shut down for Modernization and conversion into a civil reactor with low power– 200kW Info: http://www.inrne.bas.bg/

SERAW • Kozloduy Specialized Division RAW Treated &Cond 2216 m3 [2013] Capacity (RAWPP) 1950m3 (sol&liq) Capacity (Storage) 21420m3

Status License for operation

• Novi Han RAW Specialized Division Capacity 566 m3

Status License for operation

• National near-surface disposal facility for low and intermediate-level waste

Status Radiana site selected, EIA Technical Design Commissioning 2015г. (expected) Info: http://dprao.bg


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Based on National Energy Strategy, Bulgaria strongly

consider to use nuclear energy based on extending of life of

units 5 and 6 and building of new units.

The Republic of Bulgaria was planning the construction of a

new nuclear energy unit on the Belene site, including two

nuclear power units, equipped with WWER-1000/A92 design

reactors.

In March 2012 the Bulgarian Government took a decision to

terminate the Belene NPP project, and a month later made a

decision to build a new nuclear power unit of the latest

generation (Generation III or III+) with installed electric power

capacity of approximately 1200 MW at Kozloduy NPP by an

international vendor, who will also provide the fuel. 12 INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015

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The building of the New Nuclear Unit (NNU) at KNPP site

fully complies with the national priorities in the field of the

development of the energy system of Bulgaria as a part of the

common European energy strategy. In practice, the NNU in

conjunction with the power capacities for production of energy

from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) will ensure

approximation to the goals for achieving an energy cycle

without emissions, as well as providing for an optimum mix of

energy sources.

The need of building a new industrial nuclear reactor at

KNPP site is directly related to the maintaining of the energy

balance of the Republic of Bulgaria, on the one hand, and the

need to export electricity on the other, thus also covering the

growing deficit of electric power in the Balkan Region. 13 INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015

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The NNU will be a reliable and secure diversification power source for providing the necessary electrical energy balance for Bulgaria and will contribute in the long term to:

ensuring a reliable source of electrical energy to guarantee the electrical energy balance in the country;

maximum economic effect and minimum risk in the supply of energy resources;

diversification of energy sources;

maintaining acceptable and stable price of the electrical energy;

ensuring a reliable source of electrical energy without greenhouse gas emissions in the environment;

possibility to sell greenhouse emissions quotas to third countries;

capacity to export electrical energy.


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In Strategy for SF and RAW Management until 2030

are defined the long - term specific policies and the main

directions until 2030 regarding the management of Spent Fuel

and High Level Waste:

• The SF generated within the country is a material containing

useful components. This material should be re-processed in the

country of origin or in a third country in an internationally

acceptable and mutually beneficial economic, technological, and

environmental friendly, manner;

• The SF whose reprocessing has been proven economically

inappropriate, shall be defined as radioactive waste as per the

procedure of the ASUNE, and may be managed under the

concept of “deferred decision for subsequent use”, if it is stored

in a manner allowing its recovery; 15 INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015

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In the case of long-term storage under the “deferred

decision” scenario, the SF shall be stored using the dry storage

technology;

• The deep geological repository is accepted to be the most

suitable option for durably guaranteed safety in the isolation of

high level activity and long lived RAW;

• The country’s involvement in regional and international

projects for deep geological repository is deemed expedient

while the search for international solutions should not jeopardize

the current national programme


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Options for technological innovations and expansion of

international cooperation for enhanced

Nuclear Energy sustainability

Concept of a sustainable nuclear energy system: 1. Safety and reliable operation of NPP.

2. Grow up of nuclear system corresponding to economical grow up.

3. Availability of human resources.

4. Security of fuel supply.

5. Safety waste management.

6. Secure and safety management of spent fuel.

7. Proliferation resistance.

The initial sustainability option based on the INPRO Methodology Acceptance Limits /Option 0/ is the base and fundamental nuclear energy option for all NES to be sustainable.

There is no specific national requirements or indicators for sustainability different from the common definition of sustainability.


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• Despite the long experience and knowledge gathered by tens of years of

studies, experiments and direct operation, new R&D challenges are posed for

NPP in operation as well as for development and construction of new

generation nuclear reactors by the aim at pursuing continuously improving

safety and sustainability.

• As a matter of facts, the life extension of already operating NPPs, and/or

the construction of new units, pose further challenges related to the

continuous updating and extension of the nuclear knowledge.

• As a technology user and small country with significant experience in

operation of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) for Bulgaria is very important to

share the knowledge in nuclear field with other countries for improving and

further development of nuclear technology and to rely on the International

cooperation.


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As an example of International cooperation, regarding advanced

technology /lead fast reactor technology/, participation in EU Project –

ARCADIA can be indicated

The ARCADIA project has been conceived so as to provide a two fold

support to the further development of nuclear research programs in the

NMS, targeting two major areas included in the Strategic Research and

Innovation Agenda of SNETP: ESNII, through the support of the ALFRED

project towards its realization in Romania, and NUGENIA, approaching

remaining safety aspects of Gen III/III+.

ARCADIA mission: to contribute to the global European efforts dedicated to:

• demonstration the of the LFR technology

• improvement of Gen III/III+ safety

coagulating the research potential of New Member States from Baltic, Central

and Eastern region around these objectives


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Country characteristics as regards the

nuclear fuel cycle (NFC)

Bulgaria has no capability to conduct a full NFC. Concerning

the SF, the National strategy does not exclude a prior

discussion of any three possible options:

1. dispatch to other countries having the potential to extract

from SNF components for reuse in reactors without return of

the high active waste for disposal

2. disposal of SNF within the country

3. dispatch to other countries having the potential to extract

from SNF components for reuse in reactors then return the

high active waste for disposal


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In the Strategy for SF and RAW Management until 2030

is pointed out that in the long term, taking into account the

European consensus; the deep geological repository is the

best option that ensures long-term safety in the isolation of

high-activity and long-living radioactive waste.

Taking into account the geological and climatic conditions in

the country, as well as the legislation, public opinion, financial

capabilities and the volume of the high-activity radioactive

waste, including SIR, it is concluded that the participation of the

country in regional and international planned projects is

appropriate.

It is stated that the search for international initiatives should not

imperil the ongoing national program .


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International cooperation in the management of

radioactive waste and spent fuel:

The country takes part in a number of international and regional

initiatives and projects of IAEA and EU such as INRPO; WENRA;

ERDO (European Repository Development Organization for RAW

Disposal); Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme

Committee at the EC (NDAPC) and the Kozloduy International

Decommissioning Support Fund (KIDSF); IFNEC (International

Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation).

The international cooperation in the field of SF and RAW

management is of particular significance for the Republic of Bulgaria.

The close contacts with the regulatory authorities of the EU member

countries are maintained. The programmes of IAEA in the SF and

RAW area are of particular importance in which Bulgaria will continue

to participate actively. 22 INPRO Dialogue Forum 11 20–23 October 2015

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Conclusion 1/2

In the National Energy Strategy is written that nuclear energy

will be supported institutionally not only as a promising resource

for generation of emission-free electricity, but also due to the

accumulated successful experience and professional capability

for operation of nuclear capacities.

The building of the new nuclear unit at Kozloduy NPP site fully

complies with the national priorities in the field of the

development of the energy system of Bulgaria.

There is no specific national requirements or indicators for

sustainability different from the common definition of

sustainability.


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Conclusion 2/2

As a technology user and small country with significant

experience in operation of NPP for Bulgaria is very important to

share the knowledge in nuclear field with other countries for

improving and further development of nuclear technology and to

rely on the International cooperation.

In the Strategy for SF and RAW Management until 2030 it is

concluded that the participation of the country in regional and

international planned projects is appropriate.

The international cooperation in the field of SF and RAW

management is of particular significance for the Republic of

Bulgaria.


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Thank you

for

your attention !

INPRO Dialogue Forum on Collaborative Project "Roadmaps

for a Transition to Globally Sustainable Nuclear Energy

Systems"

25

Documents

Sustainable development of nuclear energy from viewpoint ... · This presentation considers the role of the future ... 16 % share of energy from renewable sources in national gross