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An overview of sustainable design and practices at the master planned community scale from the past and going forward
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Creating Value by Going GreenFlorida Chapter ASLA 2009
Dennis L. Church, ASLA /AICPCommunity Development Advisors LLC
Presentation Outline•
Green B
uilding and Buyer
Trends
•D
evelopment Scale G
reen A
pproaches
•Low
Impact D
evelopment
•C
onstruction Systems
Green Facts:•
New home construction
consumes 2/5 of all the lum
ber & plywood used in the U.S. each year
•A typical 2000 s.f. wood fram
e hom
e uses 16,000 b.f. of lum
ber plus 6,000 s.f. of plywood
•A typical 2,000 s.f. wood fram
e hom
e produces 4 tons of waste
•Hom
es have grown in size while fam
ily household has decreased…
bigger is not always better…
“Southface Energy Institute: Guidelines for the Southeast”
What is Green Building? G
reen Building is a
process that creates buildings w
hich m
inimize the use of
resources, reduce harm
ful environm
ental effects and provides a healthier environm
ent.
What is Sustainable Development?
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Logos to Recognize
Green Standards Were Created To:•
Establish a Comm
on Standard of M
easurement
•Prom
ote Integrated, Whole
Building Design Practices•
Recognize Environmental
Leadership in the Building Industry
•Stim
ulate Green Com
petition•
Raise Consumer Awareness
•Transform
the Building Market
Advantages of Green Homes•
Designed & Built Better
•M
inimum
or No Construction Cost Increase
•Less Risky
•Less W
aste
•Lower O
perating Costs by up to 30%
to 100%
•Cut W
ater Consumption by up
to 50%
•Tax Incentives & Rebates
•Increased Health & Com
fort
Green Building Is:
Efficient–
Energy–
Design–
Materials
Healthy–
Products–
Off-gassing
–Air Q
ualityD
urable–
Low Maintenance
–M
oisture Resistant Materials
–Disaster Resistant
•Site
•W
ater•
Energy •
Materials
•Resources
•Durability
•Indoor Air Q
uality•
Landscaping & Drainage
Green Building Components Include:
Why Go Green?•
Some Com
munities Require
Green
•Local, State & Federal Requirem
ents / Incentives
•M
ortgage Programs
•G
rowing Public Demand
•M
arketing Advantage
•63%
Motivated by Lower
Operating Costs
•85%
More Satisfied with New
Green Hom
e than with Previous
•It’s the Right Thing To Do
What Buyers Are Saying
Source: RCLCO Spring 2007
•Save Energy,Include Environmental Features
What Buyers Are Saying
Source: RCLCO Spring 2007
•With Payback 75% are Motivated by Energy Savings
What Buyers Are Saying
Source: RCLCO Spring 2007
•Even without full payback 41% are willing to spend extra for environmental benefits
Demand for New Urbanism/ Smart Growth Designs
• 12 studies for builders and developers as input to planning new communities– Consumer surveys in Atlanta, Phoenix, Denver, Provo,
Albuquerque, Boise, and Chattanooga conducted in the early part of this decade.
– More recent studies conducted in Tampa, Orlando, Phoenix, Charlotte, and Savannah
– Both urban and suburban locations• Surveys measuring the interest in new urbanism
communities indicate the market for smart growth• Consistently find one third respondents prefer new
urbanism communities and housing product
RCLCO – Market for Smart Growth: High Production Builders Conference
New Urbanism and Smart Growth Design
• Support Sustainability Agenda• New Urbanism and smart growth designs and
products are similar:– Compact higher density communities– Connect with surrounding neighborhoods– Integrate multiple land uses reducing vehicle trips– Have a definable neighborhood center– Safe streets, and– Protect regional open spaces
RCLCO – Market for Smart Growth: High Production Builders Conference
Builder Motivation for Going Green•
62%: Right Thing to Do
•62%
: Lowering Life Cycle Costs
•53%
: Limit Liability Exposure
•51%
: Competitive Advantage
•46%
: Expand Business O
pportunities
•33%
: Publicity Benefits
“McGraw Hill Construction: Residential Green Building SmartMarket Report”
Who’s Going Green? Almost Everyone•
St. Petersburg first Certified G
reen City in FL
•Pinellas County first Certified G
reen County in FL
•Verandah first G
reen Developm
ent in Florida
•Atlanta: Earthcraft
•Nashville: G
reen Power Switch
•M
emphis: EcoBuild
•Southeast: Southface
•Nationwide: Building Am
erica•
Go to www.usgbc.org for com
plete listings
Market Trends & Outlook circa 2006•
97,000 Homes Have Been
Green Certified Since the M
id-1990s
•G
reen Home Building W
ill Reach Its Tipping Point in 2007...Increase Since 2005 W
ill be From
35% to 66%
•M
ore Than 2/3 of Builders Will
be Building Green Hom
es During 2008
“McGraw Hill Construction: Residential Green Building SmartMarket Report”
Buyer Profile
There are no age or incom
e barriers. Green
Building interests everyone concerned about energy costs, depletion of natural resources and living a healthier and less com
plicated lifestyle.
Developm
ent Scale G
reen Approaches
Developer’s PerspectiveSustainability
–Environm
ent
–Econom
ic
–Social
Social
Environment
Economic
Sustainability
Bonita Bay Group• Bonita Bay Group is recognized nationally as a leader in
environmentally sensitive large scale MPC Design and execution
• Privately held development company based in Southwest Florida since 1985
• Seven master planned communities with 12,000 units• 9,000 units sold on 9,700 acres• 15 golf courses• Two marinas• Irrigation utility company• Seven communities in planning and entitlement process
totaling over 10,000 acres and 25,000 units
BBG Environmental Awards• Five time winner of awards from the council for sustainable
Florida• First certified Green Development by the Florida Green
Building Coalition• Has 15 Audubon certified golf courses and communities• Twice has won ENVY awards from Florida Association of
Realtors for environmental stewardship• Twice has been named environmental Leader in Golf and
Golf Digest• And in 1999 Bonita Bay was awarded the Award of
Excellence by the Urban Land Institute for the best Master Planned Community in North America
BBG Sustainable DevelopmentEnvironment• Master Planning & Analysis• Water Management• Wetland Restoration• Dual Water Systems• Xeriscape• IPM (Integrated Pest Management)• Audubon Certifications• Native Vegetation Preservation• Resident Environmental Education
Programs• Green Building Training for Our
Builder Partners
BBG Sustainable DevelopmentEconomic• Tax Base• Infrastructure – Building
Public Roads and WaterManagement Facilities
• Jobs – Construction and Long-term Services• HOA/CDD for Private Infrastructure Funding and
Long-term Management and Governance
BBG Sustainable DevelopmentSocial • Social Infrastructure Program • Transfer Fees Fund Community
Foundation which Awards Grants to Local Causes
• United Way Campaign• Leadership on Local
Not-for-Profit Boards
BBG Sustainable DevelopmentDual Water Systems• Separate Irrigation System
Using Non-potable Water• Re-use Effluent and Other Non-
potable Sources• Less Expensive than Potable• RCS Serves 8000 Units • Average Savings of 12.6 Million
Gallons of potable water a Day Last Year
BBG Sustainable DevelopmentCompost & Recycling Program
FGBC Green Development•
Protect Ecosystems and
Conserve Natural Resources
•Create a G
reen Circulation System
•G
reen Utilities Practices
•Am
enities
•Covenants and Deed Restrictions
•Provide Educational Inform
ation to Help Achieve and Prom
ote G
reen Living Practices
Verandah First FGBC Green Development
Verandah• Single Family Homes Constructed to BuildSmart™
Standards (10 to 30% More Energy Efficient) • All Model Homes Green Building Certified • High Dust Spot Efficiency Filters• Materials are Low VOC• “Softscaping” – Strategic
Placement of Plantings
First FGBC Green Development 2003
Florida Green Development Criteria
First FGBC Green DevelopmentVerandah• Build Green and
Profit• Buyer Education
in Marketing & Sales Cycle
• Construction Waste Recycling
Florida Green Development Criteria
Verandah• Designed and Developed Around Existing Oak Trees
on the Site• 65% Open Space• Dual Water Lines• 50% Drought-tolerant
Plants in Landscaping• Computer-controlled
Irrigation System
First FGBC Green Development
Florida Green Development Criteria
• Amenities include fitness & biking trail, River Village• 1.75 mile conservation
easement at riverfront• Audubon International
certification underway • Covenants and deed
restrictions• Conservation areas• Green Circulation area• Restore flow way
First FGBC Green Development
Florida Green Development Criteria
•Green Development at Variety of Scale
Rural Scale Urban Infill Greenfield
Collier County Rural Stewardship PlanCollier County Rural Stewardship Plan• Stewardship Credits are the
“currency”
• Credits are credited from the natural resource and agricultural value of Stewardship Sending Areas multiplied by the layers of development rights removed.
• A Sending Area property owner opts into the program and selects which uses to remove or refrain.
• Credits are calculated using an established GIS database and model.
• Credits are sold to builders of new communities in receiving areas.
Stewardship Sending AreasStewardship Sending Areas• Sending Areas are selected
based on natural resource values, agricultural values or other desirable rural land uses and features.
• Multiple data sets representing a variety of characteristics are integrated through an innovative GIS based scoring system.
• Wetland flow ways, listed species habitats, water resource areas and ranches are typical sending areas.
• Sending Areas are selected based on natural resource values, agricultural values or other desirable rural land uses and features.
• Multiple data sets representing a variety of characteristics are integrated through an innovative GIS based scoring system.
• Wetland flow ways, listed species habitats, water resource areas and ranches are typical sending areas.
Stewardship Receiving AreasStewardship Receiving Areas
• Receiving Area locations are not predetermined, market forces and suitability factors guide the location.
• Desirable characteristics of rural development are integrated into the plan.
• Communities are compact, mixed-use, self-sufficient and pedestrian oriented.
• Design Standards are customized for each new community.
• Receiving Area locations are not predetermined, market forces and suitability factors guide the location.
• Desirable characteristics of rural development are integrated into the plan.
• Communities are compact, mixed-use, self-sufficient and pedestrian oriented.
• Design Standards are customized for each new community.
Serenbe: A Prototype Community for SustainabilityLand Preservation•
Serenbe is 900 Acres in the Heart of 40,000 Acres
•M
aster Plan 80% G
reen Space•
Limited to 220 Building Sites
Including Live/Work,
Comm
ercialStorm
Water M
anagement
•Runoff Directed into VegetatedFilter Strips and Shallow
Channels of Dense VegetationO
rganic Farm
Serenbe…A Prototype community for sustainability
Development Design• Building projects are designed to flow with the
terrain, to avoid disturbing natural landscapeEarthCraft Houses• All homes are built to the standards
of the EarthCraft House ProgramWastewater Treatment
• Reused for irrigation and future toilet water supply• 2-Stage chemical free passive wastewater
treatment system
Urban Infill: Eastwood Village
Eastwood Village
Green Attributes of TND• Infill developments reduce
gas consumption, pollution, etc. by keeping people closer to areas they frequently travel.
• Higher density infill deflects growth from greenfield areas.
• Brownfield Site Remediation at Eastwood
Green Attributes of TND: Eastwood
• Conventional Plan with 1063 Units
Green Attributes of TND: Eastwood
• 2300 Units on 550 Acres
• Development Cost 45% higher
• Additional 1,237 Units• 46% Higher Density• Fast-tracked Local
and State Approval
Urban Infill with High Density Design
43 Units on 1.6 acres27 du/ac
High Density Product Design Rear LoadAutoCourtTownhomes20–30 du / ac
Suburban Infill: Mixed Product•
Gross: 8 du / ac
•Net: 12 du / ac & 19 du / ac
Small Lot Single Family
One Typical Lot Can Now be Three Small Lots.
These Lots are 26’ to 28’ Wide and 95’ Deep.
Small Lot Single Family
Greenfield Development
Greenfield Development North River Village
• 2,500 Units on 1,265 Acres• Preserves Open Space (65% Open Space)• Clustering Uses Less Land• Deflects Growth Away from Environmentally
Sensitive Areas• Minimizes Impervious
Surfaces• Allows for Connection
of Wildlife Habitat• Makes Central Water /
Sewer Feasible
Density Analysis North River Village
Current 1 Unit per Acre Zoning
• 990 Units on 1,265 Acres
• Min 1 acre lots• Classic Urban
Sprawl• Central Water / Sewer Not feasible
Land consumed at 1 DU/ ac
• 2,500 Units covers3,300 Acres
Green Programs at North River Village• FGBC Dev. Designation• LEED Silver for Amenity Buildings• LEED Neighborhood Development ??• Clean Marina Program• LID for Stormwater System Design• Dual Water for Irrigation (include recycling
stormwater)• FGBC Certification for all Single Family Homes• Energy Star
• Water Star• Buildsmart• Green Advantage Certification for builders• FY&N Standards for Residential Landscape• Xeriscape Initiatives for Community
Landscape• Firewise Community Designation• Green Energy?
North River Green Programs cont.
Green Programs NRV• U.S. Green Building Council Leadership in
Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) Certification:
• LEED is a green building rating system that was developed by the US Green Building Council. LEED is a point based system where projects earn LEED points for satisfying specific green building criteria in six categories which include sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design.
Green Programs NRV
• LEED for Neighborhood Development: • The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating
System integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building into the first national system for neighborhood design. LEED certification provides independent, third-party verification that a development's location and design meet accepted high levels of environmentally responsible, sustainable development.
Green Programs NRV• Clean Marina Program: • This program administered by the Department of
Environmental Protection provides pollution prevention educational information and designation to marinas and boat yard owners. Clean Marinas implement a Clean Marina Action Plan (CMAP) focusing on waste management and pollution prevention.
Green Programs NRV
LID Low Impact Design is an approach to site development that minimizes engineered solutions to water management and minimizes development impact by:
• Decreasing Impervious Surfaces• Reducing Roadway Surfaces• Permeable Pavement Surfaces• Vegetative Roof Systems• Natural Resource Preservation and Xeriscaping
www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/
Green Programs NRV• Energy Star: • Energy Star is a voluntary partnership between the
US EPA and more than 8,000 organizations, including 3,500 of the nation’s home builders. The goal is to increase energy efficiency, decrease utility bills, and help to prevent greenhouse gas emissions. The Energy Star symbol identifies more than 50 types of products such as appliances, lighting, and heating and cooling equipment that are energy efficient.
Green Programs NRV• Florida Water Star:• The program encourages water efficiency in
household appliances, plumbing fixtures, irrigation systems and landscapes. These promote the economic and environmental benefits of efficiency in new home construction.
Green Programs NRV
• Florida Power & Light (FP&L) Build Smart: • FPL’s energy efficient home certification program
offers energy efficient options for homes to certify they are built to a higher standard than Florida code requires.
Green Programs NRV• Green Advantage Certification:• Green Advantage is an environmental
certification for building related practitioners-primarily contractors, subcontractors and trades people. Certified individuals must pass an examination for Commercial, Residential and/or Commercial/Residential Certification that demonstrates their knowledge in green building principles, materials, and techniques.
Green Programs NRV• Florida Yards & Neighborhoods (FY&N): • This voluntary program is a partnership of the
University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) and provides education and outreach activities in the community to help residents reduce pollution, conserve water, and enhance their environment by improving home and landscape management.
Green Programs NRV• Firewise Communities & Wildfire Hazard
Assessment Guide for Florida Homeowners: • The program recognizes those communities that
determine if a wildfire hazard exists in a community, evaluate the risk, and implement Firewise principles to mitigate the risk.
Barriers to Green Development • Innovative Rural Village Concept• Regional Land Use Solution• Greenbelt Land Preservation• Commercial• Parks & Schools• Transportation Solutions• Pedestrian-friendly• Affordable / Workforce Housing• Village Center / Village Green
Immokalee Road SouthHigh Density Concept
Barriers to Green Development
Rural Village Plan• 1,422 Units on 563 Acres• 167 Acre Greenbelt• 150,000 s.f. Commercial• $40,000 per Unit Development Cost
Immokalee Road SouthHigh Density Concept
Barriers to Green DevelopmentRegulatory Challenges• Transportation Extractions• Fiscal Neutrality Requirement by
End of Year One• 20% Increase in Water
Management Requirements• Considerable Anti Growth or
Slow Growth Sentiment• Result is low density plan based
on existing zoningImmokalee Road SouthLow Density Concept
Barriers to Green DevelopmentFinal Plan:• 470 Units on 563 Acres• Doubled per Unit Development
Cost• Average Unit Cost 56% higher
Immokalee Road SouthLow Density Concept
Low Impact Development
LID* Storm Water ManagementLow
Impact D
evelopment
Strategies:The strategies fall under the tw
o broad categories of practices and site design.
Practices:
•G
rass Swales•
Filter Strips•
Disconnected Impervious Areas
•Cistern Collection System
s*Low
Impact D
evelopment
LID Storm Water ManagementSite D
esign:
•Decreasing Im
pervious Surfaces
•Reducing Roadway Surfaces
•Perm
eable Pavement Surfaces
•Vegetative Roof System
s
•Natural Resource Preservation and Xeriscaping
•Clustering Hom
es
www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/
Conservation Development
Conventional Conservation
Source: Conservation Design Forum
Moderate Density Conservation
Source: Conservation Design Forum
Bioswale
Cost Comparisons
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
1. SitePreparation1
2. StormwaterManagement
3. SanitarySewer
4. WaterDistribution
5. Site Paving andSidewalks
6. LandscapeDevelopment
DesignContingency2
Conventional
Conservation
Conventional $3,350,000 ($37,600/lot) / Conservation $2,880,000 ($32,400/lot)
Source: Conservation Design Forum
Green Residential Design
Design Basics: Economize
• Smaller Lots
• Smaller Homes
• Smaller Prices
Floor Plan Design Basics•
Build Smaller: we don’t buy
cars by the pound…so why
should we buy homes by the
square footage?
•Be Flexible…
Double Duty Room
s
•Add Extra Height & Fill the Entire Volum
e
•Reduce Circulation Paths
•Built in Furniture and Provide Am
ple Storage
•Rem
ove Formal Spaces
•Use Bedroom
s for Sleeping
•Add Focal Points
Maximize Space Perception
Clear Circulation & Focal Points
Add Volume“Thanks to Duo Dickinson”
Unplugged• Exposed
Materials and Ductwork
• Unfinished
• Overlapping Spaces
• Interior Windows
Open, Flexible, & Efficient
Take Advantage of Unused Space
Lessons From Grandma’s House
Think Inside the Box
Stay Simple and BeDeliberate With Details
Construction Systems
Construction Systems:•
SIPS – Structural Integrated Panel System
•Sm
art Frame / O
ptimum
Value Engineering (O
VE)
•Insulated Concrete Panels
•Insulated Concrete Form
s
•Panelized
•M
odular
Construction Systems
Insulated Concrete Forms
Typical CMU
Systems: SIPS
Systems: Underway
Day One After Slab Pour
Shell In Place
Interior View End of Day Three
Pre-Charley
Completed Building Grand Opening – August 6, 2004
Post-Charley
Building after surviving Hurricane Charley – August 13, 2004
Variety
Bottom Line Issues1.
Shell2.
Window & Door Installation
3.Roof Installation
4.Site Selection / Soil Preparation
5.Fram
ing6.
HVAC / Mechanical Equipm
ent Installation
7.Siding Installation
8.Foundation Construction
Most Common Green PracticesEnergy Efficiency
•Low-E W
indows
•Sealing Joints
•Energy Efficient Appliances
•Ceiling Fans
Costs of Green BuildingFirst Cost
–Cost to Purchase
Life Cycle Cost–
Cost Plus Savings for a Product’s Life
Payback–
Time Needed to Recoup
Additional First Costs Via Long-Term
SavingsReturn on Investm
ent–
Overall Return O
ver Time
Allows for an “Apples to Apples” Com
parison
Associated Costs•
Cost of Greening: As a Total
Cost of Construction M
ean: 4.95%
Median:
3.83%Range:
-25% to
38.94%
•75%
of Cases under 5%
“New Ecology, Inc, Green Affordable Housing Workshop”
Sustainable Development Key Points•
Sustainability incorporatesenvironm
ent, social andeconom
ic principles•
Density reduces sprawl•
Consider innovative, horizontal “green building”such as low im
pact designfor water m
anagement
•Integrate green developm
ent and green building for m
aximum
effect
Don’t forget its……about creating communities
Web SitesG
reen Resources: www.usgbc.org
www.nahb.org
www.floridagreenbuilding.org
www.buildingamerica.gov
www.eeba.org
www.thegbi.org