Sustainable Design of Structures: The Outcomes of the COST ......Sustainable Design of Structures: The Outcomes of the COST Action C25-WG3 2. Sustainable Design of Structures The challenge

IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering

Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria, October 4, 2012

Raffaele Landolfo University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy

Keynote Lecture

Sustainable Design of Structures: The Outcomes of the COST Action C25-WG3

1. Introduction

2. Sustainable Design of Structures

3. The Outcomes of WG3 of the Cost Action C25

4. What’s next?

Content

IALCCE 2012, Hofburg Vienna, October 4

UNINA

1. Introduction



4. What’s next?

Content


UNINA

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


The concept of “Sustainable Development”

1. Introduction

Sustainable Development is the "development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Report: Our Common Future, 1987)

The 3 main pillars (dimensions) of sustainable development

ENVIRONMENT

• Ecosystem integrity • Reproducibility of

natural resources • Biodiversity

ECONOMY • Growth of employment and income

• Eco – efficiency • Economic development • Productivity

SOCIETY • Security • Health • Education • Cultural identity • Empowerment • Accessibility • Stability • Equality

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

View from Rockefeller Center, New York. Photo by Landolfo (2006)

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction

Source : Communication COM(2004)60

The impact of construction sector on sustainability

The construction sector exercises a wide influence on the rest of society, having huge impacts on…

…. THE PLANET

The Construction Industry consumes 50% of the raw material extracted from the Earth’s Crust

The waste arising from the construction related activities consists of a third of the total waste, 970 million tones, produced in EU

Constructions comprises the largest energy consuming sector in Europe with almost half of the primary energy used

ENV

IRO

NM

ENT

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction



….THE ECONOMY

The building sector has major economic impact which has traditionally been the main economic background of the EU coutries

The majority of EU Countries buildings constitute over half of the national wealth

Construction is the largest industrial sector in EU, representing a quarter of the total output

ECO

NO

MY

The Construction industry accounts for about the 10% of the GDP in Europe

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction



….THE SOCIETY

The Construction sectore, in Europe, has 2.5 million of enterprise and 13 million employees

People want constructions safe, economical and environmental friendly

People spend almost 90% of time in buildings

SOC

IETY

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


New concepts, phrases, terms and expressions are being used in the construction industry across Europe in order to:

Sustainability & Constructions

1. improve the environmental, social and economic impact of the industry and its outputs

2. provide a common base for the development of harmonized standards for the sustainable

design of constructions

1. Introduction

Common language for sustainable construction

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction

COST Action C25

“…to promote science-based developments in sustainable construction in Europe through the collection and collaborative analysis of scientific results concerning life-time structural engineering and especially the integration of environmental assessment methods and tools for structural engineering…”

Sustainability of Constructions Integrated Approach to Life-time Structural Engineering

European COoperazion in the field of Scientific and Techical research

COST ACTION C25:

http://www.cost.esf.org/

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction

COST Action C25

European COoperazion in the field of Scientific and Technical research

COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology, allowing the coordination of nationally-funded research on a European level. COST contributes to reducing the fragmentation in European research investments and opening the European Research Area to cooperation worldwide.

COST supports mobility of researchers to create a scientific network and stimulate innovative activities

http://www.cost.esf.org/

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction

COST Action C25 - The network

26 countries + EU JRC

http://www.labandiera.com/shopping cart/it/p_2.html

http://www.labandiera.com/shopping cart/it/p_5.html

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Norway.svg

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


1. Introduction

COST Action C25 – Coordination and Working Groups

WG1 Criteria for Sustainable Constructions Chair: R. Blok Vice-chair: H.Gervásio

WG2 Eco-efficiency Chair: M. Veljkovic Vice-chair: Z. Plewako

WG3 Life-time structural engineering Chair: R. Landolfo Vice-chair: V. Ungureanu

Eco-efficient use of natural resources in construction materials, products and processes

Global methodologies, assessment methods, global models and databases

Design for durability, life-cycle performance, including maintenance and deconstruction

MC Management Committee Chair: L. Bragança Vice-chair: H. Koukkari

1. Introduction



4. What’s next?

Content


UNINA

W. Sobek (1998-1999). R128 house. Ref: http://www.wernersobek.de

Four-storey building which is completely recyclable, produces no emissions and is self-sufficient in terms of heating energy requirement. Because of its assembly it is also completely recyclable ( W. Sobek )

Foster (2004). Viaduc de Millau. France

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



The challenge of sustainability of structures is to maximize the mechanical, durability, economic and environmental performance of a structure, during the whole life-cycle, reducing, at the same time, the adverse impacts played on planet, people and economy

Sustainability of structures: a multi-performance based approach

ENVIRONMENTAL requirements

SOCIAL requirements

•Hygiene, health and environment •High recycling rates of structural components •Reduced energy and water consumption •Reduced waste disposal • …

•Raw material cost •Production costs •Reduced construction cost •Reduced operational costs, •Reduced maintenance costs • Increase revenue • …

•Mechanical resistance and stability • Safety in case of fire • Safety in use •Protection against noise • Structural resistance •Robustness & resiliency

ECONOMIC requirements

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



Sustainability of structures

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

LIFE CYCLE

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




MULTI-PERFORMANCE 1

LIFE-CYCLE ORIENTED 2

BASED ON QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGIES

3

• Enhanced safety and reliability • Reduced environmental impacts • Optimized life-cycle costs • ...

The basic requirements shall be achieved during the whole life-cycle of the construction

Performance requirements shall be verified according to quantitative methodologies

INTEGRATED APPROACH

Multi-performance Time-Dependant Based Approach

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

LIFE CYCLE

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


LCP

LCA


Sustainability of structures Multi-performance Time-Dependant Based Approach

LIFE CYCLE PERFORMANCE (EN 1990-1999; ISO 13823:2008)

LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (ISO 14040:2006; ISO 14044:2006)

LIFE CYCLE COST (ISO 15685-5:2008)

+

+

LCC

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

LIFE CYCLE

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ( LCA )

Process to valuate the environmental burdens associated with a product process or activity by identifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, and to evaluate and implement opportunities to affect environmental improvement

ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006

To identify energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, and to evaluate and implement opportunities to affect environmental improvement.

OBJECTIVES

BENEFITS At design stage, LCA addresses the selection among different design options and it helps to identify the life cycle stages associated with maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of components

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

LCP

LCA

LCC

LIFE CYCLE

The Design Approach – Methods for Environmental assessment

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


t C

O2

GWP


Goal and Scope definition (G&S) 1

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)

Life Cycle Interpretation (LCIN)

3

2

4

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

Four main stages

LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ( LCA )

ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006

LIFE CYCLE


LCP

LCA

LCC

The Design Approach – Methods for Environmental assessment

S1: GFRP Wrapping

S2: RC Jacketing

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

LIFE CYCLE COSTING ( LCC )

ISO 15686-5: 2008

Calculation methodology concerned with the estimation of the costs, in monetary terms, over the whole life cycle : construction, operation, maintenance and repair (and sometimes demolition) of a building.

Minimising the sum of the life cycle costs, in current values, thus benefiting both owner and end users. LCC aims at the optimization of the design granting better results in extended life, performance and sustainability, avoiding over design and excessive waste.

OBJECTIVES

BENEFITS

Compared to the current approach, which estimates only the direct costs for construction and maintenance, LCC extends the analysis over the whole life of the project, showing the real value of the investment.

LIFE CYCLE


LCP

LCA

LCC

The Design Approach – Methods for Economic assessment

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



LIFE CYCLE COSTING ( LCC )

A reliability-based life cycle costing

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

Failure cost

Initial cost

Maintenance & repair cost

βopt

Total Expected

Cost

• Design/Construction • Preventive Maintenance • Inspection • Repair • Failure

Reliability (β)

Cost (€)

LIFE CYCLE


Ref: FRANGOPOL & ESTES (2005). A representation of reliability-based life cycle costing.

LCP

LCA

LCC

The Design Approach – Methods for Economic assessment

total expected cost

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

IN USE

MAINTENANCE

DISMANTLMENT

END OF LIFE

LIFE CYCLE PERFORMANCE ( LCP )

Evaluation of structural performances during the life-cycle

LIFE CYCLE

Evaluate the period of time during which a structure or any component is able to achieve the structural performance requirements defined at the design stage with an adequate degree of reliability.

OBJECTIVES

BENEFITS Durability requirements shall be checked at the same design level that is currently used for ordinary mechanical design (limit state method, probability based design)

EN 1990-1999; ISO 13823:2008


LCP

LCA

LCC Structural performance

t

Capacity

Demand

tfail

Required performance level

Presumed capacity Actual capacity considering the deterioration occurred

F: “Failure event” tfail: Time of failure

F

The Design Approach – Methods for Structural assessment

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



Sustainability of structures Towards an integrated approach for the structural design

LCP

LCC

LCA

WG3

1. Introduction



4. What’s next?

Content


UNINA

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



WG3 Organization

WG3 Life-time structural engineering Design for durability, life-cycle performance, including maintenance and deconstruction

WP1 Life-cycle performance: verification methods for durability of constructions (degradation models and service design life)

WP2 Monitoring of life-cycle performance (life-cycle safety, functionality, quality, demolition and deconstruction)

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



Contribution of WG3 members

T1. State of the art on Service Life Prediction and Design Methodologies

T2. State of the art on Deterministic and Probabilistic Degradation Models

T3. State of the art on survey and condition assessment of structures

T4. Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation techniques and planning

T5. Demolition and deconstruction

Main tasks

END OF LIFE

IN USE

DESIGN

B

C

A

WP1

WP2

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture









Main tasks

END OF LIFE

IN USE

DESIGN

B

C

A

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



T1. Service life prediction & design methodologies

Generally speaking, a deterioration could lead to a decrease of performance to such an extent that a structure could be not able to satisfy the basic serviceability and safety requirements before the design life has expired

Main Topics

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

Each construction, during its life cycle, will face with deterioration depending on several factors such as:

material susceptibility

natural aging process

execution of the works

environmental exposure conditions

quality of the material

planned maintenance

……

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



T1. Service life prediction & design methodologies Main Topics

In order to prevent the premature failure of a construction due to an unexpected deterioration, a quantitative evaluation of the durability performances shall be performed since the design stage.

The first task of WG3 (T1) dealt with a critical review of the different methodologies developed in the framework of international scientific literature for the verification of the structural performance over the life cycle

The scientific research in the field of durability and service life prediction has been very active in the last years

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN Semi-probabilistic

Probabilistic

Risk based

Deterministic feedback from practice

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



State of the art review on concept and method provided in standard and codes concerning service life prediction ISO and CEN standards concerning service life planning Service Life Planning (SLP) for buildings and constructed assets (ISO 15686) developed by ISO/TC59/SC14


Vesikari & Landolfo_Service Life Prediction Methods Referred to by Eurocode 0; Trinius & Sjöström_Standardization of Service Life Methodologies

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

Deterministic feedback from practice

WG3 contribution

FACTOR METHOD ISO 15686-1 2000

ESL=RSL x A x B x C x D x F x G

ESL= Estimated service life

RSL= Reference service life

A. Quality of components as supplied to the project; B. Design level of a component or assembly’s installation; C. Work execution level or skill level of the installers; D. Indoor environment; E. Outdoor environment; F. In-use conditions; G. Maintenance level.

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



Special focus on methods given in the ISO 13823:2008 ‘General principles on the design of structures for durability’

T1. Service life prediction & design methodologies WG3 contribution

Landolfo & E. Vesikari, Service Life Design Methods for Civil Engineering Structures;

The standard provides conceptal framework for the application of limit states methods to durability design

• Basic concepts for verifying durability

• Definition of durability limit states

• Durability requirements

• Formats for checking durability

• Design life of a structure and its components

• Strategies for durability design

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

Semi-probabilistic

Probabilistic

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




This approach utilizes quantitative definitions of exposure, robustness and vulnerability of building structures. Both direct and indirect consequences associated with loss of functionality, failure or collapse should be taken into consideration.

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

Risk based

Hazard identification, modeling of hazard scenarios, estimation of probabilities and consequences compels the designer to careful examination of the whole building process and its interactions with safety, economy, social and natural environment.

WG3 contribution

Sz. Wolinski, Risk Based Approach to Service Life Assessment of Building Structures

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture









Main tasks

END OF LIFE

IN USE

DESIGN

B

C

A

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



T2. Degradation models

MATERIAL STRUCTURE ENVIRONMENT

TRANSFER MECHANISM

ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION ACTION EFFECT

STEEL Outdoor atmosphere

Condensation; no drainage

Atmospheric corrosion

Thickness loss, aesthetic loss, rust expansion

REINFORCED CONCRETE

Outdoor/indoor atmosphere Diffusion Chloride attack

Loss of bond, failure of reinforcement

WOOD Ground Direct exposure

Subterranean termites

Loss of material, strength

The second task of WG3 deals with the problem of modeling the deterioration of structural materials for the life cycle performance evaluation of structures.

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

WG3 attempted to provide an overview of the degradations models developed in the framework of scientific literatures for, steel, concrete, masonry and timber.

Deterioration models of structural materials are usually expressed as dose-response functions which provide the deterioration rate of a given material over time as a function of both material related factors and structure environment parameters.

Main Topics

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




Modeling approaches of atmospheric corrosion damage of metal structures, which are available in both ISO standards and the literature

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

Dose response function. ICP MATERIALS International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials including Historic and Cultural Monuments

METAL structures – Corrosion model

Material Mass Loss, ML [g/m2]

Weathering steel (unshltered) ML=34[SO2]0.33 exp{0.020Rh+f(T)}t0.33

Zinc ML=1.4[SO2]0.22 exp{0.018Rh+f(T)}t0.85 +0.029Rain[H+]t

Aluminium ML=0.0021[SO2]0.23 Rhexp{f(T)}t1.2 +0.000023Rain[Cl-]t

Copper ML=0.0021[SO2]0.23 [O3]0.79Rhexp{f(T)}t0.78 +0.029Rain[H+]t

Weathering steel (shltered) ML=8.2[SO2]0.24 exp{0.025Rh+f(T)}t0.66

R. Landolfo, L. Cascini & F. Portioli Modelling of Corrosion Damage for Metal Structures

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




A detail from the I 35W bridge on Mississippi river Minneapolis (USA). Collapsed on august 2007

END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

METAL structures – Fatigue

Fatigue is a major aspect within the design and maintenance of bridges during the whole life time The current fatigue design procedure for steel and composite according to the Eurocodes offers a quite up to date concept including:

• different verification procedures ranging from simplified to quite sophisticated,

• different safety concepts taking into account the owner’s strategy concerning maintenance and inspection

• a detail catalogue with more than 70 different constructional details that allows in most cases a proper and durable design over the whole life time.

Fatigue load model

Strees history and cycle counting

U. Kuhlmann, H.-P. Günther, J. Raichle, & M. Euler Fatigue of Steel and Composite Bridges

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE structures

Carbonation

Penetration of chlorides

Corrosion of reinforcement

Freeze-thaw deterioration

The models for general degradation in concrete structures are widely accepted and they can be used for predicting the service life of a concrete structure

E. Vesikari, Ch. Giarma & J. Bleiziffer Degradation Models of Concrete Structures

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

A

B

C

DESIGN

WOOD structures

• For service life of wood products, modeling of biological deterioration will give a tool to evaluate the effect of environmental exposure to performance of wood in exterior conditions

• These models can also be as basic knowledge for developing the service life evaluation methods for wood products and structure.

• Factor method presented in the ISO 15686 can be used as a basic methods for

evaluate the service life of wooden cladding

H.A. Viitanen, T. Toratti, R. Peuhkuri, T. Ojanen & L. Makkonen Durability and service life of wood structures and components

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture









Main tasks

IN USE

DESIGN

B

A

END OF LIFE

C

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



T3. Survey and condition assessment of structures Main Topics

The third task of WG3 was to collect information concerning the state of art, the specification, the implementation and the operation of:

END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

MONITORING CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES

SURVEY AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT METHODS & PRACTICES

CONDITION ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



T3. Survey and condition assessment of structures

END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

Typical sensors monitoring specimen

Strain gauges Inductive position sensor

• Instrumental techniques

Overview of the technology and specific challenges of wireless sensor network

Feltrin, R. Bischoff, J. Meyer & O. Saukh

• Structural health monitoring

Special attention is devoted to hardware and analysis aspects of implementation of automated SHM systems for civil structures

Fabbrocino & C. Rainieri Monitoring of structural behaviour of buildings

WG3 Contribution on monitoring

• Wireless sensor network

G. Hauf & O. Hechler Monitoring – an introduction

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

WG3 Contribution on survey and condition assessment of structures

B. Kühn & O. Hechler Survey and Condition assessment

During the last decades, focus has been put on inspection of the existing building and bridge stock and related condition assessment procedures.

With respect to bridges, a step-by-step procedure, based on a general procedure developed by the Joint Committee for Structural Safety (JCSS 2001), for the fatigue assessment is proposed.

Diagnosis, on-site assessment and visual inspection of reinforced concrete structures.

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

MEDEA is a damage and vulnerability assessment tool, which guides engineers toward a the safety assessment of reinforced concrete and masonry structures.

The assessment tool is based on the identification of possible typological vulnerability factors of masonry and r.c. buildings, which are listed and combined with potential collapse mechanisms to be activated under seismic excitation

WG3 Contribution on survey and condition assessment of structures

G. Zuccaro & M. F. Leone

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture









Main tasks

IN USE

DESIGN

B

A

END OF LIFE

C

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




State of the art concerning theories and techniques for the maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of building and bridges

General presentation of computer based systems for the management of constructions, such as the life cycle management tools developed in the framework of the European Project LIFECON (2001-2003) and the BIM based tools for the predictive life-cycle management developed by Technical University of Munich, TUM

END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

Main Topics

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

State of the art review on the general approach of structural intervention together with an overview of the available techniques for the retrofit of existing building

V. Ungureanu, A. Dogariu, D. Dubina, A. Ciutina, R. Landolfo, F.M. Mazzolani& F. Portioli Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of buildings

WG3 Contribution

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

Lifecycle Management tools based on Building Information Models

• BIM-based management of all information relevant for the assessment of a building’s state.

• Prediction: future state is computed on the basis of inspection data and prognosis final objective: cost-effective, optimized, and sustainable maintenance of concrete buildings

• Development of a predictive life-cycle management system for concrete buildings (mainly bridges)

WG3 Contribution

E. Vesikari, A. Borrmann & K. Lukas Management systems for maintenance, repair and rehabilitation

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

An advanced method for the optimization of structural maintenance of bridges is presented. Automated multi-objective optimization of maintenance strategies considering the lifetime unavailability and the life-cycle cost as criteria are presented. The proposed approach is able to provide optimum maintenance strategies considering a combination of multiple essential maintenance options and multiple preventive maintenance options applied at regular or irregular time-intervals. The lifetime unavailability is calculated based on lifetime functions. Genetic algorithms are used to solve the optimization problem.

WG3 Contribution

D.M. Frangopol & N.M. Okasha Bridge Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation in a Life-Cycle Context

Generate random population of

PM times Ti and number of

applications Q for all PM types

Perform GA operations

Repeat for each GA chromosome

Repeat for each PM type

Tsi = [T1, T2, …, TQ]

Perform EM optimization

Compute objective functions

for the obtained strategy

GA converged?

Obtain Pareto-optimal solution

no

yes

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture









Main tasks

END OF LIFE

IN USE

DESIGN

B

C

A

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



T5. Demolition and deconstructions

In line with that, in the last of WG3 (T5) the key principles of different design strategies for re-use and recycling of buildings are presented, including design for adaptability, for dismantling and design for deconstruction

The total production of construction and demolition waste in the European Union is about 450 million ones per year and represents the most part of waste stream.

In the EU, the amount of construction and demolition waste is estimated to be 480 kg per person per year.

END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

Main Topics

Besides, construction and demolition waste has a very high recycling potential

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

Besides, an analysis of the construction waste arising from demolition, with a special focus on no more usable products (such as plastic, PVC, polystyrene, rubbish.) is presented.

A general overview of the most common techniques for the demolition of buildings and bridges are presented.

Composition of C&D

Waste in Germany

(2005)

WG3 Contribution on demolition

Excavated material (140,90)

Construction site wasre (4,30)

Road demolition waste (16,60)

Building demolition waste (52,10)

Main techniques Usage Quota

Deconstruction by excavators with shears etc. 82%

Exploding 4%

Deconstruction with wrecking balls 3%

Other machines 3%

Precussion, abrasion, heating etc. 3%

Robots 0.3%

Other 1.7%

P. Kamrath Deconstruction of buildings: Masses and types

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

WG3 Contribution on End of life scenarios and Design for Deconstruction END OF LIFE SCENARIOS

O. Hechler, O. P. Larsen & S. Nielsen Design for Deconstruction

THE 4 STEP OF DECONSTRUCTION:

Disassembly technique is a new discipline within the field of architectural/engineering practice and theory. In a resource perspective, the implementation of documentation which explains how buildings are demolished, or how materials can be reused and respectively recycled becomes crucial.

Design for deconstruction is thus defined as “design for deconstruction of structures and complex building parts into basic materials” so that they enable resubmission of the materials in the resource loop at the end of life of a building or structure.

End-of-life scenarios Building reuse or relocation, Component reuse or relocation in a new building, Material reuse in the manufacture of new component, Material recycling into new materials.

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

WG3 Contribution

Principles of the structural design for deconstruction

• Use as wide of structural grid as possible to maximize the non-structural wall elements

• Use prefabricated subassemblies and a system of mass production

• Use an open building system where parts of the building are more freely interchangeable and less unique to one application

• Minimize the number of different types of components for simplification of sorting

• Simply supported beams should be used in concrete structures

• Design modular structures


Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

Deconstruction techniques for buildings and bridges

WG3 Contribution

F. Portioli, M. D‘Aniello, E. Cadoni, R.P. Borg & O. Hechler Demolition and deconstruction of bridges

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

WG3 Contribution

Some examples of best practices of structures designed for deconstructions


Restaurant of Cz pavilion left: EXPO ’58 right: reused as Office building in Praha, Cz, 2008

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture




END OF LIFE

IN USE

B

C

DESIGN

A

WG3 Contribution

Some examples of best practices of structures designed for deconstructions


Footbridge to the German pavilion (left: EXPO’58; right: reused in Duisburg, Germany, 2008.

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture



Summary Report of the WG3

Volume 2: Integrated Approach to Life-time structural engineering

Publisher(s): University of Malta ISBN/ISSN: 978-99957-816-2-0 Pages: 398

1. Introduction



4. What’s next?

Content


UNINA

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


4. What’s next?

Concluding remarks

Nowadays, the sustainability of constructions has become a current topic which involves all sectors with the relevant expertise.

The next challenge is to cope the gap between research and common practice even at standard level. In this direction the Construction Sector Network (CSN) of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), has planned to develop a second generation of Eurocodes, widening of the scope from the current structural design to other design criteria related to sustainability.

In line with that, theoretical methodologies, tools and best practice rules have been developed in order to achieve the goals of sustainable design of structures according to a time-dependent multi-performance based approach.

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


4. What’s next?

Catastrophic events & Resilient urban environments

Constructions are subjected more and more to exceptional actions, which were not taken into account at the design stage, producing huge damages. In line with that a growing attention has been put towards the concept of resilience of urban environments. With the aim to reduce both the produced damages and the repair time. but resilience & Sustainability are related. Many of the essential principles of sustainability are strictly linked to the core pillars of resilience. The next step is to take a step forward and talk about sustainable resilience

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


SUStainable COnstructionS under natural hazards and catastrophic events

European Erasmus Mundus Master - SUSCOS

http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

4. What’s next?

Raffaele Landolfo

UNINA

Keynote lecture


European Erasmus Mundus Master - SUSCOS

4. What’s next?

United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability (2012). Resilient people, resilient planet: A future worth choosing, Overview. New York: United Nations.

Thanks for kind attention

UNINA

Raffaele Landolfo

Documents

Sustainable Design of Structures: The Outcomes of the COST ......Sustainable Design of Structures: The Outcomes of the COST Action C25-WG3 2. Sustainable Design of Structures The challenge