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Sustainable Crop ProductionOn Small Acreages
Dr. Carol Miles, Vegetable Extension Specialist
WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
• Climate• Variety Selection• Water • Soil • Cover Crops• Tillage• Pest Management• Season Extension• Harvest• Market Labeling • High Value Crops
Sustainable Crop Production
• Summer growing season
• Winter growing season
Climate
Western Region Climate Center http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/summary/climsmwa.html
• Irrigation - required for summer crop production- do you have a water right?
• Crop requirements- 1 inch per week during dry months
Water
• Moisture - balance winter rains with summer drought
- improve drainage with raised beds
• Tilth – soil quality and health
- organic matter
• Soil test every year – nutrients and pH- list of laboratories http://wsprs.wsu.edu/AnalyticalLabsEB1578E.pdf
Soil
• Soil fertility (green manure)- captures & traps nutrients- mines nutrients
• Soil tilth- organic matter- deep rooting- improves drainage
• Pest management - insect and disease control- out compete weeds- habitat for beneficials
• Erosion control
Cover Crops
• Legumescloversmedichairy vetchwinter peas
• Small grainsbarleyannual rye
winter wheatsorghum-Sudan grass
• Broadleafbuckwheatmustard
Cover Crops
Local seed sources cost weed seed free
Information Resources
• Managing cover crops profitably SAN Handbook Series Book 3, second edition
• Building soils for better crops SAN Handbook Series Book 4, second edition
• Methodologies for screening soil improving legumes Marianne Sarrantonio, Rodale Institute
• WSU Small Farms Team website http://smallfarms.wsu.edu/soils/coverCrops.html#Northwest
Cover Crops
• Incorporate crop residues
• Weed control
• Create fine seed bed
• Disease and insect management
• Soil aeration
• Break up soil pan
Tillage
• Steve Groff, Cedar Meadow Farm
- permanent cover cropping system
- www. cedarmeadowfarm.com
Minimum Tillage
• Pesticides - WSDA pesticide applicators license
• Organic pesticides- WSDA Organic Food Program materials list
http://agr.wa.gov/FoodAnimal/Organic/MaterialsLists.htm
• Biological control- viable product- application techniques
• Crop Rotation
• Cultivation
Pest Management
• Weed control
• Crops that are easily cultivated- sweet corn- beans- garlic
• Crops not easily cultivated - carrots- onions- beets
Cultivation
Information Resources
• Steel in the field: a farmer’s guide to weed management tools SAN Handbook Series Book 2
• Steel in the field: a farmer’s guide to weed management tools SARE video
• Weed ‘em and reap: tools for non-chemical weed management in vegetable cropping systems Oregon State University
Weed Control
• Crop selection
• Row covers
• Cloche / low tunnels
• Hoophouse / high tunnels
• Cold frames
Season Extension
Field crops• Kale• Cabbage• Brussels Sprouts• Broccoli
Hoophouse crops• Lettuce• Asian greens
Winter Crops
Seed catalogs
• Spinach• Pea• Garlic• Leeks
• Chinese Cabbage• Celery
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Date
Te
mp
era
ture
(C
)
Hoophouse Soil Surface
Cloche: On Mulch
Cloche: Under Mulch
• Peak maturity
• Labor
• Sorting- quality control
• Field cooling – hydrocooling and fan
• Storage - The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks, USDA ARS Ag Handbook No. 66
Harvest
High-Value Vegetable Crops
• New, alternative crops
• Not commonly available
http://vegetables.wsu.edu