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7/25/2019 Sustainable Architecture -02
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
Susta na e Arc tecture
Lecture -02
Passive Building Design Concept Part -0
Passive heating
Passive heating techni!ues"concepts
GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND
DESIGN, SONIPAT HARYANA
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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PASSIVE BUILDING DESIGN CONCEPTS
#or al$ost all t%pes of cli$atic conditions& there are fe' passive design
concepts that help building designers to develop buildings that are
co$fortable 'ith ver% little or even 'ithout use of an% artificial device.
(hese concepts have been classified in the follo'ing categories)
Passive heating s%ste$s Passive cooling s%ste$s
Passive ventilation s%ste$s
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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PASSIVE HEATING SYSTEMS
(he concept of passive heating essentiall% consists of increasing the
heat gain and reducing the heat loss inside a building 'ithout
conventional heating $ethods that utili*e fossil fuels or electrical
energ% .
Such concepts are t%picall% useful for building located in cold
cli$ates 'here the buildings are to be +ept 'ar$er than theirsurroundings. Al$ost all the concepts of passive heating utili*e
co$bination of the follo'ing three ele$ents or stages)
Collection of naturall% available energ%"heat. Storage of collected energ%. ,se of stored energ% in a controlled fashion for achieving
ther$al co$fort.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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Passive heating s%ste$s can be classified in three categories
depending upon the source of heat)
,se of solar energ%
,se of a$bient energ% other than solar energ%
,se of internal sources of heat
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR HEATING
Sun is the largest and $ost preferred naturall% available source ofenerg% for passive heating.
Concepts that utili*e solar energ% for heating of buildings are
ter$ as solar passive concept. Perfor$ance of the solar passive heating concepts is based upon
$a/i$i*ing solar e/posure and capture of solar radiation . n addition& heat losses fro$ an% building are to be $ini$i*ed for
ensuring a high value of net solar heat gain . Capture of solar radiation alternativel% ter$ as solar heat gain
in a building can be achieved either through entr% of solarradiation in a building or through so$e indirect $ethod that
capture the heat of solar radiation and transfer the heating effect
to the building.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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All the solar passive heating have been arranged in three groups)
Direct solr !et "i#
I# $irect solr !et "i#
Co%&i#e$ solr !et "i#
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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'( DIRECT SOLAR HEAT GAIN (his is a straight for'ard concept in
'hich the solar radiation is ad$ittedthrough a 'indo' or 'all of glass
facing south direction to ad$it
$a/i$u$ solar radiation in 'inter
and to heat 'alls & floors and ob1ects
conse!uentl% the roo$ air l%ing in
the roo$. Double gla*ing is used to reduced
heat loss and during night ti$e &
curtains or an% other for$ ofinsulation is used to helps to cover
the 'indo'"curtain 'all.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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)(SOLAR HEMICYCLE
Si$ilarl% & solar he$ic%cle3is another concepts4
(he plan of building is
shaped li+e a rising sun3'ith the north 'all buried
into the earth up to the
'indo' 5sill level .
(he ring 5shaped earth 'allprotects the ground floor
fro$ 'ing and 'eather.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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*(SLAYED WALLS AND WINDOW FRAMES(
(he 'indo' in direct heat gain s%ste$ should also allo' the
penetration of solar radiation deeper in to the space to let it fall
on surfaces that can absorb and store heat.
Displa% spla%ing the 'all and 'indo' fra$es that help in
increasing the solar gain.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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+( CLEAR STORY AND SY LIGHTS
(he ad$ittance of direct sunlight through south facing 'indo' is
not feasible in $an% situations .
n such cases the clerestor% and s+%light help in ad$itting the
desired a$ount of solar radiation.
(he si*e of a solar 'indo' deter$ines the average te$perature
in a space over the da%.
6ence it should be deter$ined corresponding to the local
para$eters of each location such as heating degree da%s and
availabilit% of solar radiation.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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Clear% Stor% 7indo'
S+% lighter.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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-( USING REFLECTORS
(he a$ount of solar radiation received at an% 'indo'opening is fi/ed b% the season and ti$e .
Although the intensit% of directl% incident solar radiation
cannot be increased & irradiation received b% the surrounding
surfaces can be reflected into the opening & thereb% increasingthe effective collector area of the 'indo'.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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TWO TYPES OF HINGED SHUTTER.REFLECTORS
FOR INCREASING SOLAR HEATING GAIN
,se of hinged shutters on top and botto$ &for increasing the
solar gain . (op hinged shutters can be e$plo%ed on 'indo's beneath a
large overhang. An overhang above this t%pe of shutters is essential for
protection against sno' and ice. (op hinged shutter reflector is ver% useful in the $onths of
Dece$ber and 8anuar% &'hen the sun goes ver% lo'.
7ith this arrange$ent &angel of shutter can be lo'ered toincreasing the heat gain 'ithout affecting the outside vie' .
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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/( STAIR CASE #or co$posite cli$ates& 'here heat gain
re!uired in 'inters and protection fro$
direct solar radiation is re!uired insu$$er &staircase arrange$ent having
hori*ontal reflectors and vertical gla*ing
can be adopted .
n this techni!ue of co$bining verticalgla*ing and hori*ontal reflector & solar
radiation enters the living space 'hen
sun is at lo' altitude i.9. During
'inters . n su$$er $onths &'hen sun ta+e a
higher altitude &solar radiation is
reflected bac+ b% the reflector to the s+%.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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INDIRECT HEAT GAIN ,nli+e the direct heat gain & in the concept of heat gain &solar
energ% is introduced into the roo$ in an indirect fashion .:arious option of indirect heat gain have been e/plained in
this section.
'(Nor%l "l0e$ t!er%l stor"e 1ll n this techni!ue heat fro$ solar radiation is indirectl% ta+en
as a result of conduction through the 'all and subse!uent
convection and long 5'ave radiation e$itted b% ther$al
'all. A ther$al $ass 'all of concrete or $asonr% usuall% facing
south blac+ened and gla*ed is used for this purpose. (he advantage of this $ethod is that it greatl% reduces
te$perature fluctuations in the roo$ air 'hich is the
disadvantages of direct solar heat gain $ethods.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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)(STAGGERED BUILDING
DESIGN FOR INCREASING
HEAT GAIN(he re!uired ele$ents of thistechni!ues of passive heating are a
large south facing gla*ed collector
area 'ith ther$al storage $ass
directl% behind it .Such an arrange$ent is found to
be effective upto a depth of ;-0
degree Celsius b% properl% si*ing thether$al storage &it is possible to get a
heat flo' into the roo$ even 2-? hours
after sunset till the 'all surface gets
cooled.
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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COMBINED DIRECT AND INDIRECT HEAT GRAIN(hee disadvantage of direct heat gain for space heating .is that
the space gets heated up rapidl%.Si$ilarl% &after sunset space gets cooled rapidl% too.n contrast a ther$al storage 'all for indirect heat gain
absorbs radiation for several hours before it begins to heat up
the living space but it continues to provide heat even after thesunset.
23 THERMOSIPHON AIR PANEL2TAP3
A (AP is essentiall% a solar energ% collector for air heating'ithout a storage $ediu$ that is usuall% fitted in the south 'all
of a building for suppl%ing 'ar$ air to the building space.
t is t%picall% suitable to the cold desert cli$atic conditions
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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SCHEMATIC OF A THERMOSIPHON AIR PANEL2TAP3
ENERGY BALANCE OF A TAP WITH VARIATIONS IN ABSORBER
PLATE DESIGN
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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AN AIR HEATING TAP WITH OPERATING CONDITIONS
USE OF TAP ON INCLINED ROOF
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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)( Glss !o4se
As the na$e suggest glass house are closed envelopes $ade ofglass.(hese are also one for$ of co$bination of direct and indirect
heat gain offer scope of integrating appealing architecture
ele$ents in a building 'ith passive heating opportunit% glasshouse attached 'ith a building
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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini
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DIFFERENT VARIATIONS IN THE USE OF GLASS HOUSE FOR SPACE HEATING
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USE OF AMBIENT HEAT FOR SPACE HEATING
(he a$bient heat available around the building in ground and
'ater can either be used for reducing trans$ission losses or it can
be used preheat the a$bient air before it enters into the building
thereb% reducing the heat losses due to ventilationBasics about these concepts have been e/plain in the follo'ing sub-
sections)
ENERGY FROM GROUND6ourl% .dail% and seasonal fluctuations in the a$bient te$perature
are found onl% in the at$osphere and upper la%ers of the ground.7ith increasing depth belo' the ground level & the te$perature
fluctuation decrease and re$ain close to the annual $eans a$bient
te$perature onl%.
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ENERGY FROM WATERDue to large heat capacit% of 'ater & there is relativel% less
fluctuation in its te$perature as co$pared to the fluctuation in
a$bient air .si$ilar to the concept of earth air tunnel& under 'ater tubes can
be laid to e/change heat fro$ 'ar$er 'ater to heat a$bient
air.
USE OF INTERNAL SOURCES OF HEAT(here are several living as 'ell as non living sources of heat
in a building that can be utili*ed for +eeping the building 'ar$.
Living sources of heat are hu$an beings or occupants &
ani$als &$icro-organis$s &'here non-living sources of heat
are various e!uip$ents such as lighting & coo+ing appliances
&'ashing $achine etc.
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HEAT PRODUCTION BY HUMAN BEINGSDue to $etabolic reactions ta+ing place continuousl% in
hu$an bod% &there is release of heat fro$ hu$an bod% that
varies considerabl% according to the activit% level.Dissipation of this heat to surrounding depends upon the
clothing & a$bient te$perature & $ove$ent of air & surface
te$perature of surrounding building ele$ents etc.
HEAT PRODUCTION BY MICRO.ORGANISMSGarden debris & including pruning 'aste fro$ trees and hedges
& brush'ood fro$ forests and other ti$ber 'aste & 'hich is
piled up to $a+e a co$post heap & gets deca%ed in due courseof ti$e in
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WASTE ENERGY OF DOMESTIC E5UIPMENT
Do$estic appliances such as refrigerators & release 'aste heat inthe building &'hich can be used for heating the roo$.
(he a$ount of energ% or heat released varies 'ith the e!uip$ent
rating and duration of its use.
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Source " @eferencePractical 6andboo+ on 9nerg% Conservation on Building