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by by GöranGöran Wall* Wall* 2009 ACOFI National Meeting2009 ACOFI National Meeting

Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment-- an Engineering an Engineering ChallengeChallenge& Recommended & Recommended Steps to TakeSteps to Take

Santa Marta, Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia, September 17, 2009September 17, 2009

10:0010:00--10:4510:45

**AssocAssoc. Prof. Chalmers University of Technology. Prof. Chalmers University of TechnologyAssist. Prof. Gotland University, SwedenAssist. Prof. Gotland University, Sweden

MemberMember UNESCOUNESCO--EOLSS Joint EOLSS Joint CommitteeCommittee

http://www.exergy.sehttp://www.exergy.se

G. Wall, “On Education towards Sustainable Development”, G. Wall, “On Education towards Sustainable Development”, Dept. Education, GU, Dept. Education, GU, http://www.exergy.se/ftp/oetsd.pdfhttp://www.exergy.se/ftp/oetsd.pdf..

•• The present unsustainable situationThe present unsustainable situation

•• Basic Physical Concepts Basic Physical Concepts -- Energy & ExergyEnergy & Exergy

•• Basic Physical FactsBasic Physical Facts

•• Nature’s EngineeringNature’s Engineering

•• Society’s EngineeringSociety’s Engineering

•• Nature’s ResponseNature’s Response

•• Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development“Production” Consumption

Society

Goods

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

•• Reflections and recommendationsReflections and recommendations

•• Some Small StepsSome Small Steps–– UNESCOUNESCO--EOLSS projectEOLSS project

–– International exchange of on line courses at UIS International exchange of on line courses at UIS

–– MScMSc in Exergy & Sustainable Developmentin Exergy & Sustainable Development

–– Sustainable Projects at UISSustainable Projects at UIS

•• Questions?Questions?

Waste

Biosphere

Lithosphere

“Natural”resources

Exergycapital

“In a world rapidly running “In a world rapidly running out of fossil fuel, the second out of fossil fuel, the second law of thermodynamics may law of thermodynamics may well turn out to be the central well turn out to be the central scientific truth of the twentyscientific truth of the twenty--first century.”first century.”

Prof. David Goodstein, Prof. David Goodstein, NatureNature, Vol. 368, 14 , Vol. 368, 14 April, 1994, p. 598.April, 1994, p. 598.Department of Physics, California Institute Department of Physics, California Institute of of TechnTechn., Pasadena, California 91125, USA., Pasadena, California 91125, USA

Basic Basic PhysicalPhysicalConceptsConceptsConceptsConcepts

G. Wall, "G. Wall, "ExergeticsExergetics", textbook 151 p., 2009. ", textbook 151 p., 2009. http://www.exergy.se/ftp/exergetics.pdfhttp://www.exergy.se/ftp/exergetics.pdf..

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ZoranZoran Rant 1953 (publ. 1956):Rant 1953 (publ. 1956):

ExergyExergy from Greek from Greek exex = out or = out or

out of andout of and ergosergos = work= workout of and out of and ergosergos = work= work

EnergyEnergy from Greek from Greek enen = internal= internal

Energy = motion or ability of motionEnergy = motion or ability of motion

Everything that happens involves Everything that happens involves conversion and conservation of energy. conversion and conservation of energy.

(1(1stst Law of Thermodynamics)Law of Thermodynamics)

Exergy = work (ordered motion) or Exergy = work (ordered motion) or ability of workability of work

Everything that happens involves Everything that happens involves destruction of exergy. (2destruction of exergy. (2ndnd Law of Law of

Thermodynamics) Thermodynamics)

Basic Basic PhysicalPhysical FactsFactsyy

G. Wall, "Exergy and Sustainable Development", draft report 36 p., 2005. G. Wall, "Exergy and Sustainable Development", draft report 36 p., 2005. http://www.exergy.se/ftp/easd.pdfhttp://www.exergy.se/ftp/easd.pdf..

Our utmost physical conditionOur utmost physical condition..

HowHow to to managemanage this this placeplace??

NothingNothing cancan betterbetter describedescribeNature Nature thanthan Nature Nature itselfitself..

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WeWe are are nothingnothing butbut a simple a simple spark in the spark in the mysterymystery of life.of life.

Our Our existenceexistence is is onlyonly justifiedjustified by by respectrespect of Nature and of Nature and eacheach otherother..

.

Earth is unique to life due to its size Earth is unique to life due to its size and position in the contrast of and position in the contrast of

Sun and Space.Sun and Space.

Nature’sNature’s EngineeringEngineeringNature sNature s EngineeringEngineering

Unwanted substances are sealed in exergy deposits of minerals in the Unwanted substances are sealed in exergy deposits of minerals in the crust crust -- an exergy capital an exergy capital -- in order to create vital conditions for life.in order to create vital conditions for life.

Unwanted substances are Unwanted substances are sealed in sealed in exergy deposits exergy deposits of of minerals in the crust in order minerals in the crust in order to create vital conditions for to create vital conditions for life. The increase of the life. The increase of the exergy capital of the exergy capital of the Earth Earth is is of essential importance for of essential importance for the evolution of nature.the evolution of nature.

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MatterMatter

Exe

rgy

pow

erE

xerg

y p

ower

LifeLifeMindMind

?? ??

Exergy flow to the earth: 10Exergy flow to the earth: 101717W=4W=410103737bits/sbits/s

10105555

bitsbits10105555

bitsbits10105555

bitsbits10105555

bitsbits10105555

bitsbits

22 101000

44 66 88

MatterMatter

billion yearsbillion years

TimeTimeExergy stored in deposits on the earthExergy stored in deposits on the earth

A tiny part of the exergy flow from the sun to the earth A tiny part of the exergy flow from the sun to the earth is stored in deposits on the earth, i.e., an exergy capital, is stored in deposits on the earth, i.e., an exergy capital, while matter is organized into life and further into the while matter is organized into life and further into the

mind, and further into …?mind, and further into …?

Society’sSociety’s EngineeringEngineeringSociety sSociety s EngineeringEngineering

“Production” Consumption

Waste

Society

Goods

The industrial society exploits and destroys the exergy The industrial society exploits and destroys the exergy capital in an unsustainable manner that inevitably leads to capital in an unsustainable manner that inevitably leads to

an ecological and social catastrophean ecological and social catastrophe..

Biosphere

Lithosphere

“Natural”resources

Exergycapital

Exergy Exergy use in use in the the Swedish Swedish society society in 1994.in 1994.

SUNLIGHT HEAT

HARVESTED FOREST wood, recycled paper, peat, etc.

passive solar heat

WOOD, PULP& PAPER

forest industry

HEATING & ELECTRICITYFOOD

agriculture andfood industry

LIGHT, ETC.homes & offic.

ELECTRICITY

CROPS sugar beet, barley, oats, wheat etc

HYDRO

hydro-electric power plants

industrytransmission losses etc

ORES &STEELcoal, coke and gas

R

E

S

O

U

R

C

C

O

N

S

U

MMECH. WORK

ORES & SCRAP IRON

Obviously Obviously the present the present exergy use exergy use cannot be cannot be

made made STEEL, g

NUCLEARFUELS

CHEMICALS

cars, buses,trucks & trains

HEATINGindustry

petrol & oil

SPACE HEATING

homes andpublic premises

FUELS oil, coal, gas, etc

refineries

thermal

power plants

E

B

A

S

E

foreignshipping

nuclearpowerplants

100 PJ10 GJ/capita

P

T

I

O

N

conversionlosses

mineral products

TRANSPORTS

sustainable sustainable the only the only

solution is solution is to use less to use less

exergyexergy

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HYDRO-SPHERE

ATMO-SPHERE

The earth as five The earth as five spheres in mutual spheres in mutual

interactioninteraction..

BIO-SPHERE

LITHO-SPHERE

SOCIO-SPHERE

Atm

osphere

Bio

sphe

re

Hydr B

iosp

here

Oxygen

CombustionWood & Food

W ter

Sociosphere

Koldioxid, etc

Carbon dioxide, etc.

Resource depletion = environmental destructionResource depletion = environmental destructiondrosphere

B

Hyd

rosp

here

Lithosphere

Water

Fuels, m

etals,

etc.

“Waste treatment”

Heavy metals, sulphur etc. becomestoxic substances in the environment

Nature’s Response?Nature’s Response?Nature s Response?Nature s Response?

Germs Germs on the on the tip oftip oftip of tip of

a a needleneedle

MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

Higher forms of lifeHigher forms of life

The biosphereThe biosphere

PastPast PresentPresent FutureFuture

New forms of lifeNew forms of life

“Survival of the Fittest” is a driving “Survival of the Fittest” is a driving force in natural evolution. force in natural evolution.

Thus, present industrial society is Thus, present industrial society is fertilizing its own extinctionfertilizing its own extinction.

Reference stateReference stateThe physical environmentThe physical environment

New reference stateNew reference state New reference stateNew reference state

SustainableSustainableDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment

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The most used definition on Sustainable development is from World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987 p. 43:

Sustainable development is Sustainable development is development that meets the needsdevelopment that meets the needsdevelopment that meets the needs development that meets the needs of the present without of the present without compromising the ability of future compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own generations to meet their own needs.needs.

Sustainable development as the confluence of Sustainable development as the confluence of the environment, the economy and the society.the environment, the economy and the society.

Three pillars of sustainable developmentThree pillars of sustainable development

www.sustainability-ed.org/pages/what3-1.htmHowever, what about the foundation?However, what about the foundation?

Three pillars of sustainable developmentThree pillars of sustainable development

www.sustainability-ed.org/pages/what3-1.htmHowever, what about the foundation?However, what about the foundation?

Nature Nature –– Our Life Support SystemOur Life Support System

Thus, a relevant question must be: Must Thus, a relevant question must be: Must l k b d t li il k b d t li i

Since: The present unsustainable Since: The present unsustainable situation is due to altered physical situation is due to altered physical conditions on earth that is threatening conditions on earth that is threatening the conditions for human life.the conditions for human life.

we look beyond present religious, we look beyond present religious, economical and political structures to economical and political structures to find the conditions for a sustainable find the conditions for a sustainable development? development?

Or, what is the dependence between Nature and Society?Or, what is the dependence between Nature and Society?

Reflections and Reflections and recommendationsrecommendationsrecommendationsrecommendations

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We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking

Albert Einstein

kind of thinking we used when we created them.

••The problem is not The problem is not lack of resources. lack of resources.

••The problem is that The problem is that we use too much. we use too much.

••The solution is to live The solution is to live with less. with less.

Science and Science and engineering need a engineering need a paradigm based onparadigm based onparadigm based on paradigm based on

morals and respect of morals and respect of Nature. Nature.

A new A new paradigmparadigmOnly cultures that Only cultures that live in harmony live in harmony

with Nature with Nature will be sustainable. will be sustainable. This This implies a implies a new engineering new engineering paradigm based onparadigm based on caring forcaring forparadigm based on paradigm based on caring for caring for Nature instead of exploiting it. Nature instead of exploiting it.

We We do not inherit Earth from do not inherit Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it our ancestors; we borrow it

from our children.from our children.

SomeSome Small StepsSmall Stepspp

UNESCOUNESCO-- EENCYCLOPEDIA NCYCLOPEDIA OOF F LLIFE IFE SSUPPORT UPPORT SSYSTEMSYSTEMS

A A sourcesource of of knowledgeknowledge for for sustainablesustainabled ld l d l b ld l b l ii l dl d

The The LargestLargest OnOn--line Encyclopedia line Encyclopedia

-- An An IntegratedIntegrated VirtualVirtual LibraryLibrary

developmentdevelopment and global and global securitysecurity to to leadlead to to fulfillmentfulfillment of human of human needsneeds throughthroughsimultaneoussimultaneous socioeconomicsocioeconomic and and technologicaltechnological progress and progress and conservationconservation of of the the Earth’sEarth’s naturalnatural systems.systems.

www.eolss.netwww.eolss.net

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Present Courses at Gotland University available on line and free of charge (see: exergy.se)

2009/20102009/2010Period 1 Period 1

Aug24Aug24--Nov01Nov01Period 2 Period 2

Nov01Nov01--Jan17Jan17Period Period 33

Jan19Jan19--Mar30Mar30Period 4 Period 4

Mar30Mar30--Jun07Jun07

ExergyExergyExergy Exergy

AnalysisAnalysisExergy Exergy

EconomicsEconomics

Environmental Environmental Management Management

SystemsSystems7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 7.5 EC EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC

Proposal of an Online Master Proposal of an Online Master Program on Program on

Exergy Exergy and Sustainable Developmentand Sustainable Development1st year1st year

Period 1 Period 1 Period 2 Period 2 Period 3 Period 3 Period 4 Period 4

Sustainable Development Sustainable Development -- IntroductionIntroduction Sustainable Sustainable Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

15 EC 15 EC 15 EC 15 EC Environmental Environmental

ExergyExergy Exergy AnalysisExergy Analysis Exergy EconomicsExergy Economics Management Management SystemsSystems

7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 7.5 EC 2nd year2nd year

Period 1 Period 1 Period 2 Period 2 Period 3 Period 3 Period 4 Period 4

Sustainable Development Sustainable Development -- AnalysisAnalysisMaster ThesisMaster Thesis

15 EC 15 EC

Life Cycle Exergy Life Cycle Exergy Analysis IAnalysis I

Life Cycle Exergy Life Cycle Exergy Analysis IIAnalysis II 30 EC30 EC

Solar City Bucaramanga 2048

Visions and Scenarios for Sustainable Energy in the Bucaramanga Region

Monthly solar energy and surface meteorology for BucaramangaMonthly solar energy and surface meteorology for BucaramangaMonthly solar energy and surface meteorology for BucaramangaMonthly solar energy and surface meteorology for Bucaramanga

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?