Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NYNY

Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NYNY

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough

Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough

Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures

North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Advantages ?? ??

Disadvantages ?? ??

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Ohio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military Service

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal

MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

OvervieOverviewwofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy

::

““AnaconAnaconda”da”PlanPlan

OvervieOverviewwofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy

::

““AnaconAnaconda”da”PlanPlan

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan

Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet

George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett

““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor

vs.the Merrimac

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves

Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed

Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress

Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed

Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)

1863 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – National Bank Act

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)

1863 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – National Bank Act

The North Takes Turns the Tide of The North Takes Turns the Tide of WarWar

I.I. The war continuesThe war continues1.1. Dec. ’62 Lee beats Union at Dec. ’62 Lee beats Union at

Fredericksburg, VAFredericksburg, VA

2.2. May ’63 south wins at Chancellorsville, May ’63 south wins at Chancellorsville, VA (Stonewall Jackson dies)VA (Stonewall Jackson dies)

3.3. Lee goes on the offensive into Maryland Lee goes on the offensive into Maryland and up into PA – Gen. Meade (union) follows and up into PA – Gen. Meade (union) follows north, they meet at Gettysburg, PAnorth, they meet at Gettysburg, PA

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

II.II. Gettysburg (three days in July)Gettysburg (three days in July)

1.1. July 1, 1863 Battle begins in morning when July 1, 1863 Battle begins in morning when Confederates led by A.P. Hill attack North of town & Confederates led by A.P. Hill attack North of town & confront John Buford and Union troops.confront John Buford and Union troops.

a.a. Buford holds despite being outnumbered, Buford holds despite being outnumbered, but by end of day Union pushed back into town.but by end of day Union pushed back into town.

b.b. At end of day reinforcements show up for At end of day reinforcements show up for both sides both sides

– 90,000 Union troops under command of Gen. 90,000 Union troops under command of Gen. MeadeMeade

– 75,000 Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee75,000 Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee

2.2. July 2July 2 1863 Confederates push Union 1863 Confederates push Union out of Gettysburg & take control of town.out of Gettysburg & take control of town.

a.a. Union sets up defense south of town Union sets up defense south of town at Cemetery Ridge to Big Round Top (High at Cemetery Ridge to Big Round Top (High Ground)Ground)

b.b. Union forms the “fish hook” defense Union forms the “fish hook” defense (communication & quick reinforcement)(communication & quick reinforcement)

c.c. Attacks by south led by Gen. James Attacks by south led by Gen. James LongstreetLongstreet

Little Round Top (extreme left flank of union army)Little Round Top (extreme left flank of union army)

Devil’s Den (slaughter pen/valley of death)Devil’s Den (slaughter pen/valley of death)

The Wheatfield (heaviest fighting of civil war)The Wheatfield (heaviest fighting of civil war)

The Peach Orchard (union army split in two, The Peach Orchard (union army split in two, pushed back to Culp’s Hill)pushed back to Culp’s Hill)

3.3. July 3, 1863 Union regains high ground at Culp’s HillJuly 3, 1863 Union regains high ground at Culp’s Hill

a.a. Gen. Lee orders artillery barrage on center of Union Gen. Lee orders artillery barrage on center of Union lines on Cemetery Ridge for 2 hourslines on Cemetery Ridge for 2 hours

b.b. Around 3 PM 12,500 Confederate troops charge out Around 3 PM 12,500 Confederate troops charge out of tree line at Seminary Ridge – of tree line at Seminary Ridge – Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge – – All out frontal assault on center of Union linesAll out frontal assault on center of Union lines

Union guns fire back & devastate Confederate lines = Union Union guns fire back & devastate Confederate lines = Union wins Battle of Gettysburgwins Battle of Gettysburg

Lee depressed, retreats to Virginia, never takes offensive Lee depressed, retreats to Virginia, never takes offensive againagain

3 day battle claims 23,000 union soldiers dead/wounded3 day battle claims 23,000 union soldiers dead/wounded

28,000 confederates dead/wounded28,000 confederates dead/wounded

approx. 51,000 = almost as many as Vietnam (58,000)approx. 51,000 = almost as many as Vietnam (58,000)

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

III.III. U.S. Grant wins at Vicksburg, MSU.S. Grant wins at Vicksburg, MS1.1. surrounds city after Confederates refuse surrounds city after Confederates refuse

to surrender and orders artillery barrages for to surrender and orders artillery barrages for several hours a dayseveral hours a daya.a. Confederate soldiers and towns Confederate soldiers and towns

people out of food and supplies = Vicksburg falls people out of food and supplies = Vicksburg falls on July 4, 1863 (one of last Confed. Forts of Miss. on July 4, 1863 (one of last Confed. Forts of Miss. R.)R.)

2.2. Nov. ’63 Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Nov. ’63 Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address @ cemetery in GettysburgAddress @ cemetery in Gettysburga.a. 2 minute speech = USA a single 2 minute speech = USA a single

unionunion

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

IV.IV. The Confederacy Wears DownThe Confederacy Wears Down1.1. Gettysburg & Vicksburg cost south a lot Gettysburg & Vicksburg cost south a lot

of manpower.of manpower.low on shoes, food, uniforms, guns, ammo = just low on shoes, food, uniforms, guns, ammo = just want to hold on nowwant to hold on now

southern morale low = troops leave to go back to southern morale low = troops leave to go back to farmsfarms

Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

2.2. Grant & Sherman wage “Total War” on Grant & Sherman wage “Total War” on southsoutha.a. fight not only armies and gov.’t, but fight not only armies and gov.’t, but

civilians. Break their will to fight!civilians. Break their will to fight!

b.b. May to June 1864 Grant fights with May to June 1864 Grant fights with Lee in Virginia – Grant nicknamed the “Butcher” Lee in Virginia – Grant nicknamed the “Butcher” cause he continuously attacks despite heavy cause he continuously attacks despite heavy casultiescasulties

c.c. Gen. Shermans’s March – destroyed Gen. Shermans’s March – destroyed every city on path through GA to Atlanticevery city on path through GA to Atlantic

Burns Atlanta, Savannah – frees slaves, they joinBurns Atlanta, Savannah – frees slaves, they join

Turns North though SC into NC to help Grant finish Turns North though SC into NC to help Grant finish Lee in VALee in VA

ShermaSherman’sn’s

“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

ShermaSherman’sn’s

“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

d.d. election of 1864 Lincoln beats George election of 1864 Lincoln beats George McClellan & John C. Fremont (He wins 55% McClellan & John C. Fremont (He wins 55% of pop vote)of pop vote)

e.e. Grant pushes from NW, Sherman from Grant pushes from NW, Sherman from S – Jefferson Davis & Gov.’t flee Richmond S – Jefferson Davis & Gov.’t flee Richmond and burn it downand burn it down

f.f. April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee & Grant meet to arrange Confederate & Grant meet to arrange Confederate surrender = Civil War over, ends without surrender = Civil War over, ends without punishment to southpunishment to south

g.g.Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Wash, DCWilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Wash, DC

1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election

Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

PresidePresidential ntial

Election Election

Results:Results:

18641864

PresidePresidential ntial

Election Election

Results:Results:

18641864

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster

Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads

in 1864in 1864

Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads

in 1864in 1864

The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

f.f. April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee & Grant meet to arrange Confederate & Grant meet to arrange Confederate surrender = Civil War over, ends without surrender = Civil War over, ends without punishment to southpunishment to south

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

V.V. Costs of WarCosts of War1.1. Union = 360,000 men deadUnion = 360,000 men dead

2.2. Confederacy = 260,000 deadConfederacy = 260,000 dead

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

h. Union and Reconstruction of South now h. Union and Reconstruction of South now in hands of southerner and former slave in hands of southerner and former slave owner Andrew Johnson (VP)owner Andrew Johnson (VP)

The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution