Cardinal Stritch UniversityStritch Shares

Master's Theses, Capstones, and Projects

1-1-1972

Survey of recent literature on the effectiveness ofthe use of programmed instruction in the teachingof reading to primary studentsShirley Hazard

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Recommended CitationHazard, Shirley, "Survey of recent literature on the effectiveness of the use of programmed instruction in the teaching of reading toprimary students" (1972). Master's Theses, Capstones, and Projects. 814.https://digitalcommons.stritch.edu/etd/814

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.,..."..., ....1DI, bUM OIl ....., fit Sr••••ten·

W ...·•••~ ot.W ."...... ia \be .~ of ....

1DI. aew , of \be oor,M\ .... 1. i .....te. __~

,..1... tM tat -. area'-r -- lturWII.

lDdlys.a.1 18..- .t s. .. ,... .ad 81:411\7.

---.t aM VUU_ po1aW .., tU' pnp'" 1Atan-

iJJI~~..U08 te 1IIdU. PftIIU- aer~ MaW tAlet 1••a.a. , fit 1at•..u.. tat .

• 'tadtM&\ ., h1 ~. tie Niat __

..., ...._ ••, 1.... trOll -1tII 11It..-c1 of

rllk' aM of __ ..-.w. la ..u.n. ar••' .. WSl.1i-_

_.·tAd .., ""'••1114 kwldal 811_ '- .,.. ,

.. JNPU' ate .. tat ".,,-..dlll t.ID tqt tI

ladt9S8a1 tUtf .

a.cHlII~ .t all ....u..l 1ege~~ '­

.laId ., help._ ... p11p11 ...~~ 1M .,.:1'_,of p .... _'-DCV' ill ."Sea-

111~81_....,14~ U IleJ4 _., .,

1ft 11 I L I II .. ,1 .. 11

,stile .low 1earaer, who II1pt ........18..... 1004 a.dAmt, 18

draagea t0rttar4 too ql11ok17. Progra_4 1Detl'uet1oa 18 )a-a-aer­

_wed, and eRco...p_ ea" attadea't to work at hi... bee\

Progr_.a WWueUOIl oaaaot tea. the entire ollJT1cll1ua

tor the e1aple r..... that it t ._ate a per.OD. 10 ..tn_o! 1DeWuetton CaB •••b a,. ho" to ..1. or th1Dk ..a'1_-

13, t. auoh tbiDla clepert4 t t • ....~ ..,.,.. at nW....

aeat 'thaD • "... alOM -In pI"O'f1de.!il

......... 1DtI..J. ca lite .... te reUew the ......~

1&& laacl er the prof••'loa4 waober aD. to •.,1_' .. ezteacl

her ..... !he el.-UI7~'"..._ nth ea. poup.' eIISI....

Su.perfUloa .t thla sreap c+ M pnnided '" edGMl

...1ataftta. Progr-.lw U Np1aoe tb8 ,

bat, 1t _ be uaed ,. tree her tor lIOn u... th1DB••

A "'er'. pollUoa 18 IlOt wef11e11e4 111 the procr--.,tMhD14'le. JIore 1Dd1ftAM11lf1N"kahoultl be able to lie .oooapliahecl

.,. the tea-..r -ainI ,..op--« laater1a1a ••• ..,~. U 18

true 1f1ttl .., pro,...-. 1M te... 18 the oae _0 .... tAe pr••

.....ed ... taU.

•_ ...' -. ... of taWll"•• '.. d1Wtr~_ IIdlla•

.. ,.,.. of .. atAMtI ... t6 ill_Up. __ .a-U...

... of ..~ ad ..£Itt..., clW* ft. ttnt ..,..

n_ftaI taa:"4--"8I"~ ...w. -.• ..,., ....1 II "SII*' .' __ taMU of .--u.a~• ., iJliual '..... . theM ..1IId'

... ...,. '" irI'UaI or WJ'fl .-

....Ie .

..' MJra MIl .... ..n....... --..,.,..., ...u•• t • • ,... ...,.....W _.. CIW1Ie ..

.......... ,.....,• ..W .., .IIIBI••

.. •~, ...w ..... 1M_ .s.l • a .. w

•~ -.a. ,. " as u ..~ ••IIM --.

leUr_alnllat, .-lA, III turd.. sa tM" ..~ 00tIM

......" h1e~ ...,.... .a. '" d--tJaI ''-twMn tM aa1 ....,

...... \be ...... at AU "Itt'" ........-Wi_ ..

,..,,-, ,.....-- .-1.1M I"IP iIDU~hi,- • the ...

., ....sre .., , .-U.k., •• tat. ... 01 ....

..........JJun .,WI Ii If I PJ' II J • Ui' "

.......... (--... JtU .._n, 1166)•............._ .....a.iaf........ .,.s.daIs • J ;.s•••!.I", W, (4.....",1..).". ~' •

.. ~....~~. ".

-"::-

IfIttaell.. '"~ WId .•••• poiat, "., \bat. ---wee of

1e__ ...... of 1...., ftla\l..as" it ••ipSA"

t ... - pncI1eU.. of sa tint -..- naclJaa. .

pupil lea.. .,.11 he~ .. ,...,..\a1 a1d1le t1a1

f ....._ 1a ...I.ullli

1. .'\.\108 .. ,..ut.eaot 18 1eaftdaI

I. .aw\7 to t.u.r~It 1. \be -ttwJ of .... w. *ill_, __ otbWa, ttaa_

a1U.te1¥ r...:&.te 1ft IMI&t.Dalac .....u.aa .........ua• ...,.. of \btl ta1.tdal .",...1_ 18 •

.-..l d1atr1ft __ AlG,_ • .%a U6I ....ra..""'iq~ to" ••UIUI tldr4 1.1-

... ",..-1- 11 dHlped. eo \bI' it. "Ult_ • ..n.trof ....., ._11,* • tbe Ys-ea1, ....toI7. ad~. 0-

of tM etJhf ..... ., tile .. 1a that l' ..."'" .t_u..,aD .... _blUff' to f.U.~_.

Alter .a ...11daa ",....1_ tile obt·1dIwl

sa t.bta MIl. tIleWift ..are __ \0 • .-dated ......1Ibt*- ..,.., t • ...-r••••••t aDd ....it .. the .._1.-.' of.1 u na It· J '. J I k J

)8

aU the 1.aDau&e aeecIecS t • ..at aDd. wit.te _1oaUea.3S

Be••ar. 18 ...., 1ft "IaN to the etf.eti..... of

prop&-' lIateriala \Wed witho'at .,.,..t,1ea 1ft the olaa......

teaehiDI at pJ'11uI7 eb1ldr-.. ODe .eleIlt1t1eau,y-eoatr.Uecl

1D:YMUCat4oa _ ... raporW 1a ''eat108 Uteratare'llp to

1"'. !hi. ata47 1IU _auoW .. &uckleU who ...- ~SulU...

lTocnu-ct leadi8' .eri•• 11l au elaa...- IJ1d the She14oa~ Iae1tl.,

"..... 18 au ew..~. Ia" other 11'''- 01 e1a8ttro_

I:adde1l hPP~UapUtlf.a aneda1. the~" ob-

tait_ frOil -1a& \he prog•••11l1altnloUOI1 sr..,. d\1l the

baa&l ..... arouP8 - ., ...... lip lIT .tatas that the titt..._

..... aot G.p1tlua'- .\4 aroupa U4 about a. weU aaoh1l".

vou1d lie ....te4 to .. at. V. .ad of the ..... par."A t. art.t.. aYe Mea reporta4 • haY1nl baea eollClaeW

... 1acI1Y1cl1ll1 eb11dreD or rith older..,. r...u.a1 P'oapaI \lIbI

proarUilled wtnoUea.

BU... ueed, prosra-4 -willi ••• *lIPP1e-' to OOllYell­

t101aal teaeh1ftl- Ia P"II'1IIII8Cl ".-181 both the teaob1rc ater1a1a

'Ja.. I ...... and lelda Lltv1D. a!l1k1q ".,...1_ • AS.. 1ft Coa-.pt and Attellt1ea Or... of 1_ OhUdna,· 11!!!!Ha;lal1M!l. LVII, (F•..." 1'10), pp. 2)0-6. .

~1, CamIq) x.... 114 1eY., p. 612.

'~,r,.:"'':. :":

aM .....SIll ••UY1U8a t4 -.-01..1-.1 pre-

g.-c&. Ja" atadlM la ......... pan... ett ..

of .....Uaaal -"18& .loDe •• ..,•• w1. tba\ fit ...

\t1naU• ., prqr...-l ,.__ tioMl -..-. III

....,.... total of 110 tu.\ lD -...-1" .ehoob

.." ~ aM \Mir ,..1.-_ ..,... •• tMt of

..teIIed ooatn1a. .. ...\\1. ef •• at ..,· .1'1&1••

;2M~ Mhlett.-t ot .. _.. ,..,. ... •1pUl__

IftaW \baD that of tbe ...tnl If"..' '" U..l

pa-...... al... Ia _til et...... 81 MDeftW

Me' ,... --_OIr.~.lcl _..-,.:. tile pr ____

."... '- .... ."•.u..., the 1cJwIW .. of * a1dUtr

..-le•

... .. .. .u. ....,'1_ ••w.. ibe 1Mreatt8 1a

....sUI ~t,. ~ .. C..-.... t.~, to\lDd DO diU ill .~c_, .fjf __

.be... -'~ , ad tlad ·..ua-Ueal11 .1pitl~t. 1••' ••••, 1a tbI ...... of be­hw10r ••ldl1. t • .. ei14ND~ '" • ,...••••d •.• Ill ..... of ...., te.... saP*Ue .-..-••''''.'-, -.d .-- ,..-. sa •tMUw•• t. ntaNld.~..~1ft ~1l."t.,~ ., honiUtt'.., .•••, W1dAD............ ,....-4~ ....au~ 18~U .., II..__ .**tabM \0 t 11& tile ,.....!be ebUdNa ' iadt _ , ....-aM PhP•••, ala _rat.. trope __

____ to \he ohUd -- •• nflUinCl w 1..-..~._ .. ,ada ooua_t3r ad sa-....__ iMtl, end ...,.Utioa .....CIhU eltMU",- .J·tai..-a. fa~__101 Mild tdaMlt. .....t.ue. Wliedt tt........_.... .......n1F ..-. _. ,"",*.Jl

to date, llt\1e ~ 18 ...ua* .....taW ."..... !he l1't1e _at hae 1Mea ..

~ _ • .., -n. _ Of cmildna .. adalt.. .. t.

r....*' are aft11altla de DOt _ ............ipUou of

popalaU eoaWo1 .. ..,.~. Tbla W ..u. Ie

dltt1eu1' t. U. " otIUia••• \lie t • •Wiea ....

,leW all __ p1aee ia wp __ ,..._ hip_

__1-' pcIptI1_U_ ...... an ,clitti8t4~ .. , .

u..~ .. .ftone 18 __ tan .., .lD· a4dl-

u.. -. • thUd .-JdDI ~ flptwriter , ••~

-... 1e8ae... __ W1'M -. h1a 81...... lad. _ ", ..,.no'....1.. MdlUfIDItl _ ••tA. ·fna .. ·eta••_ ..... 1'biI.

yer1at4e U _t 4ur:L.-1' ......1. .... t.,. tha, "- DOt

,.at. Mea ...l1e4t 1a .. eft.- the qaaUt, et •• ,..... __

ettl1d 18 .,... to Me • Ala ald1tt¥ to I.e... .. IOed utile

,ncr- ltae1tt ,...,. ...... 1a 18 wee~ .,..., •..~et ..~...... 9*11\7'" etteeu......• '-'._" J 1 r 1

of the ,..... the obUcl reoel....

A lle1f e1Y1l1aaUoD 18 r:lllQa' 18 the we., ....,reacl1al

..u__~, the ...lfl • • o.1Y1l1aat4oa tbat 18 eoa1ll& ..

'- ea11ed. 1Dduatlial - a o1Y111aaU88 eo atraap ill 1.U f_, 10

..., ia 1ta rea••, eo cOJIP1,ea 111 1t. patWraa, cd 1·0 1I1Iht7

1ft ita .--li••, that tboqhVlll aad"... teer tAat the ._

,"1 of 1tI operaticma ., pr to 1tebeT- the power.'" ita

er••tor. !he t." ..t '- i .. that 1D ap1te et tile ••_.~

ret...... to the -._ial reyolllt-ioD· __ & l1JdW eerl•• .,>i

eha•• 1Ja .... of produeUOD wb1eh took pl... 111 1a&1aacl 1Jl VIe

18th cea.,. _1ft .\her oouatrl•• at late ,u.., the rfIYoluUoa

•• aot,lI&117 Nell catber1a1 _twa nth -'NT ..... IadaewW

,....1uUoa 18 pr__ aUll1a its iDtaa•• Wbat it 1f1ll be W.

1a the IlltJ1are ... 0"_' ....heba.lear 1apre.... 1ta .,.o1a1 obaracWr •• OGltan

ami OIl 'J» bod1ea, 1I1ad8, aDd Mane of ~ 8 it. •

t.biDk of \eehao1c ao1e1¥ 111 teJ-ae of it tena1 probetl, .t

ita tl1a...eriea -.4 1DYeat1... 1I'O\lld 1» a er." enor. Ia .....

it, it a pro...., • __ of --1daI....tho4 of attaeJt1Dl pro1:4 ,

.... of "t'1ew1Dc tae ...14.)'L j I

1fId1e ...wt.t ." tealbial fIIHb1Dea .. Jet to

• td1r~'.W. fit SMWUUoa 1I01I1tt .".. to -.wdl-nlttd to \hi ,.. ohUd .. ., ,.__ ••en at-te_•

.,.. .... att1Di1r t • ..spa1a'_ the ntiJr.._, o-trol1e4

ft•••• 18 .-lid ••· t t. the poaetltUitr of tM~

If""' ad .u. 1at1 ',

!hla de \be _-Sill of ..,.. ia

"IGIII-~. 1ba1r -' ilia -.

tiler baft .t. .,...t.1. 1-e .....

1M tit 1tltI1Y1dad .. p..,_~ td11

1'eCl" •-- n.a* .M*1. -- 11 1•.- 18 Wtr'-~'.

...... '" .hee, w ,eeetiCII. '" ...,.,•• It

.-1__ f icIeU, __., .... fit .. 'II'O"P... tt

~ _ , pol.' of ftMv w111 .. to M pn:t1.defl.

a u boped .., • .,. wt11 -. t..- '- -i4&e tile I8P

- ....0Mt4 .. etw .ebMl ".., eo that atMdeaU d11

..,. taw t.b4d:r a«hIlt Ut........,.... •• iateN.,.

\IIa' 1IU11Mue tM~ .. ., rtta4UJII•. 1 "I ,"11 'j" I, j

- '.. ,~ , .

:,. .

cunam.-.ax AU COJICLU8lO1

., ~ ~fA'!!!!I!I_"

..... _ tift..- of ,....... IIao144

Mp.... .,. Us 01 .. tendaa1 ...s.~. the

'oPbS.U...ttoa ~... of U. .'''''... tbI .

_ ... -...., ,. 1 *'*1cl _ ~, tal iee.

e. of ,.,......, Uoa .,.. .. tal :

....tnoU.. .- ' of .. nbJeet ..titer _-.rial. ftU

".,tal .., 1M bail' "' neb • ..,. •• to ,...-, 1eeaiBl ...

.. eapers.-,I to 1M ..., • tile ptap11 pert....U9J:u.•

••t eoaWl_te to JAaenial eb.tee'l.... !be u.tnot4oD of ..

pJrear.-4 iM...tioaal ...... 18 the 1lIpeI'''' ...... fit

,..,. .., 'uv. 1rII'o1.-t ia ......U.eap1..1.

18 Mat .•••d _ Dele·,

1M l'ftJ01au. ia ._ad..uoB· .. tHbao1oIr __~ lcleu ,.w we __• tIIeIwilalac ........t \0,. _ ..~._.. __• .... t .. ._,~..t.octl. \hall aMt -beIII10l ........X.W._ioul 1oIr la • .....,uoa to '·aun1e. . ~ an ~'" _ pile .,. bdtile .Pl¥ ekU1ld ...,.__ aeetIM '- ..1--', ..,aad thea U 1__.,. _ "11~ ia.udal U DOt tMt ., __... ",..u.••

W&

1\ 1e ....... ...,lex1. iaYolW4 SA tI7UtI -.t.ke MUuI7 \be '*-I, atI.... __ehlldNa, .. to~•• .,.-.-tie~W,..... t. -uaa .... Iltt...... ft 1. -.="..:~=r::.-=~ of .. bu'

keI7 edlleaUea.11e_l dU· -.t1t t .. _ ..~.

sa pn__• .,... aDd fItltfrial. ot iMtra0t4_. a. role fit __

....."111 ...... tbe adoptl. Mel ... of ...... ,.....

...... sa lledia, ,...•••, ....te~ • iMW eoft-

..... MrdIr....., ,.._. w111 ... the N1e of ttMa ....

11'.. that. ef tM __her of tM .ea.UOD8l ..U tMtl e1aM-

..... \e --ac Vi.~ ., 1eanWII .,. , lII' ao\

the ao1e ,..... .,..1. t.- •••:lac-Al, \be tea.. 1d11 al".,.~a _ ..-tor ., •

100d~ .-var_t, 1IaeeM1DCJl' tbe 1Dl\1aU.. t. le..­

irII Win ...t .... .,..pr1atdr v1ta tbt ohUd,. ~1... _

.....111 ....ua "I'&*, •• tM ....,..iei11V of "."\1aI

.. obaU-.,_ , , \0 1...... 1..- ~., to

1... fl1l10-.r, au '- 1e .,n.U8t1J." Jr•• _ ... 111 t•• 11 -.t ..,.....

j'" In It Ii 1m

ItS

it ie pre_ted ta.~. aere .. tiro ...1leIl\ ..,. '-

.U1be ....... 18 .-..cIS81' (1) ..~.1 tleftoe. ta -­

•." of \be NMl1ftI ,.....J .. ("I) 1. "tUl..\1011W ......-

.........~. '" ."1t-1II her to ••1 Wi "

\DaIl •• b a1t1. to _.-U7 Uridle. hrel, ttad t._tdJIe • ,~_t, U'lWa1oa t • • ,.. c...at '- --,

of ....., to _ u., atlJdeata ... ...,._ ttae t • •kIll-

R11di1ll.

III * "'......~.nUoawl11 .. ,dca to Htildal

par,..• ., __ ..~ tlexDtlU. 11l ..-.. ..

••• M' ..., apeoifl. ,.,....

~ _ill *ina will lie uparadM• .ad ......1.

1IUl -. Upn9tMl _e. the "Ul1.·Uoa of tM· _leta- .,

118p:leU. pr1ae!p1ea aDd tbrcrqb \be. diI1Mt\ "ob1al ., ..

••no.a eW1e ., er1Uee1 .....1aI.

nu...." ,ahGald ..u.. 111 \lIe p, t1_, .,

r...-al ,...... vU1 araftall1 ,... oat 1., *1Ue •••t.. ta\18ht· .., .. "'oU....le with .,..Uto ,..blnt 1a

•.,.. et Nacl1aI, ""UD1 laftY1Aal. \0 cor... c1UttCRl1U.

vi•• 1Il1d_ .f cIlnet. •••1' _tnaaee.JB!•••

laeat'loul~ 11 DOW • aq. tleW of ..,...

<,-

Ia6

ft....... 1.......'. a, 1. _t ..- the -'1..,.. tWi-,..,-l&f.«rtuwe .. ant 1IlYolftCl, W, .. anat yar1e_ of~••

'loDe, .., of --11"., .. trM.tAIe1 oa1a ,.

pl\W8h1lll tint, who .. 4ineUD1 '\heU eft to ._...t_~.t.r. tM n.ldirta -..W,. the fl\JPll'Yieor. or _e eUalGAa.

taU 1•• tiae 01 I'm~_.. hbllo _\wa, la .'..-

ill t .... of~ .., .. -. c_ '- .'"" ..a4tJII Rilla.

-- I. tb8 ~au "la, ... __ ."Ow_u,. t.ta_ .... "ad1DI del"" '- ldertUA,_......., .-

_",M\ed.. .&...ud deteta1aet1. *\ •~ 11 ., eft.ot1..

t. •• Yalua.lAI ........u. that 1t 1• .rl._t,... .._leea '" our lUte_ .. well .. .., ....-.... 1ftI7,....

iaUllllte1¥ 1DYol,. ill V. pN1J1ea of~ reMlDI let''''

u. U. ...po.-lld11\1 1D~ .t-..0elMl prop rWe _odd laoJade ........ -.1

Wd.a -...pl iptUa .f U. 1ooa\* la, vida tile

..ws.aa __ ue4, wi..., \Jpe Gf .t...... •

......" wbat, eoacI1U._,~ __ ~oa, .. _

... _ .\odeD" -"'14....-. -.1'_~ 1M \ of

1ft..... U. .\tt... fit 1M ..... 1Irfttl..-. \he ......, fit

tM ..~.., "'., --.allUl'J. "". -- • _- of •••

", ..

"1, .......1lcN1d .....icIer. bet.. ,...._ •• "" ill ••'••

OIl • lara- aoaJM.

Jtleal1¥, • JW~ '-' ...~ ...., tile 1.11.-

tal. ,... , ttl,. - __ ,".~ of • ,.rtlea1eJ' "".~J

and __ of \be ,.-.. _,ee' '- lie '" .

a,.ds...... lboa14 be betw at pra"...s.aa _

~ UYe • ..n.. of we•• treII whleh ,r........w lie -..lopec1•

.,..1.... "a4U1 ....n .'" tale.~.. of - --3Mt__ aad aklU 18 ,..-.-.\1011, _pod .tart .. 1lMII ..

pra.u. • __ wrttiel of,.. ...rrocr-lhGBW -- ..1t* .. u. --4- .u.~.

10 .~U..-1dIrfi. abed" .. al1AM1d \0 dina. the •__

1JII of .',..-. ,...••• of .., dfJ'ft aeaera1~ CIt a

F •• .u.14: ., W -ua, of \bet ,....

....n4 IMWUUOD.

,a- 01 ,..,r-.'III ...1. • ., ..- ••.a.r. -.1d 'M •..uaI»1. '- .".,-

••• ' . '••, .., \tae. It u ......Itd, .,

.u_""••_~"".1It ~_ •

......u u..t••

I. • 1f0111A .• nleMM troa fIrlU 1IWk ..

ita S••• t to -' • 11_~.

,. .. .... WOGlG ,""eel ., &drI .. ,.••

fa.. aatat__t ..__ .' ,,1WRtJ 1Mft4d be _ .. to

..., ....' • ...,.."of~

s. .. ....u.o .... -.w lit '.'••'1')'- ,.u.t••__ papU.

6. A· ' ...w III ......" 11._ ..,....

• elJae _ \0 , 1. M" dUll""'_ .. __......- _....1 ~ etoa1d ......... """ ., ,.......1

....u. ." ••_", ••IIIa.,.WU••,... at-..,- '- ".".. OOlI1d ·MrGr td1 to ...-1\

iii • e1MHr a..al -.·ftIIad• ., U. ....... ttl ....:11

_idUa· .......... of ...a'DI'" AU U. .., \hMrtAI

..., ..·.a_ Nliliac tcII1d .. _w \IIltI.W ... _tftl tMa

11M ... Mea ,..., ....... ~'. ,.....uti' .,.-n,Mel -. .~...uI,Nttsae t.~. wd.4 '- ,..... •

,.... 1M ,-...ta ....... t• .... .-.. a•• of_Ill.", In r .' Ii[ ,n. ..••

__tAtd tor t ...rabl. rellUlta Vh1eh ..... notcbJpl1eated .8ftother. tried her ..thode.

~o1.1!.,

It, s. attU too .... to ..11... the ett••t1 of

prosrUM4 1.ana1DlUl the f1fa1Al of "afire 18 pr1JUl7 cr .Ve17 "-ofteD, jae' th8 DOYelV .. _1....t of a ... approa*

... .u.ulate .tuIieat~ to grea_ aeb1eYllllell\. Bat,J teo .ftea.lx

... , ...o1U-' ..... ott leara1rC • ..".... theft

1Iq .. peat .-uU.. tbat.up. 1aIp4riaD' ''-''~

to 4181 1Dat.r&lotioD, aacl~•• Vial aa4 ...w vU1 we

uee _at the7' an.

Jfaeh18e. haYe tM a8Y8Dtap of bema •...t-pr0Gt,'•

• 1808 the COlTaft, ...... to q...Uoaa are eapeaM o~ at_ ..•••at he. &1.,.8 h1I "'8p"... Appereat17 th1a teat1ale 1••t

toe 1IIportant M pre8flllt r...areh ah_ that the ... .,

..ob1... ,... 80 better ...au1ta VMaD ...rt.. of .aU-

aad eaplanatl_ 18 the lora et a tlprogtaJIIH textbo*.· BoeJcleta

aDd textbooU haYe tAe adYmttap of 0.1111 poruble. 1'he7." be

earr1ec! \0 the .le...... or~. A.~ ... VOI'k at • ,.....

18 hie tree t1Jle. Io.....w a8IIllfjIIeBte .. lie 11... trOll pr.cr-4

tttxt,.....

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Godkin, Le.ser G•• and KeSveenq, Joseph. 8 Learn1ng' trom Teaoh..1D& HacbiDee.- ...... lDatruot1.oD. S4x:ty-a1xthYearbook of the '~0iiiI ·sea.v lor ':me stlJdT of Educa-t1oa, Part II. Ch1oacOI UDiTera1t7 of Chi.cap Pre••,1961 t 201-).

_lor, Kar11lD. -leadina ID.truct1oD ThrotIch the Kult1-aeUaAp~ob.· RaMi!1 feac_, XlIV (Hq, 1'11), 7S1-60.

It1obardaOD, I., and 1IcS...De7. J. ftAna17a18 ot the I.a.&!a11d:D1 !Jpew.rlter .a·. Den.. tor tea.iDs Beahm1D11ead1rc Sk1lla.· Eduoat1.-1 Tedmolog. X (rebrwll7,1'70),81-8.

Rtlddell, R. B. "Lob&1tu41J1al Stu.. of Four !'roar." of aeacl1DlIDstructi·ODJ 'Extaadec1 into 1'h1r4 Or••- Cur". 18....1DRe~ Id1ted b7 1Ua. B. S1I1th, IDternaUOiiilGia­Iii XSaocm,loD Ccmterenoe Proceecl1DC8 , lIII, Pert. 1.Newark, Delaware, Internat10aal ReadiD& Assoc1atiOll,1969.

Stea, D. -Itteeta of Ibd.1Y1daa1 ProsraJltld IDatrucUoa OIl IDitial'.ead1DB Sk1U8 aDd LaDpap Behavior 1D Earll"Ch1ldhoocl.·Current ~8\18.~1eac1!H.Ed1te4b7IUa B. SJI1th,SternatiOiiiAl 1i8aaIiii AS8OCiat.1oa Contereaoe Proceed1Dp I

XIII, Par' II. letrark, Delaware. IDternat1cmal ReadiDIAaeoc1at1oa, 1969.

stolurGW. 1. x. aI1lpllcatloDa of Current a•••arch aDd hturefrende. 8 JoUftlal0F Educatt~onal a.••arch, LV (Iuae-J~, 1962', JlR'.

Taber, Jul1aa aDd Gl&eer, aobert. -AD laploratol7 Evaluation of• D1acr1a1Da:t.:LYe 1raa8£er Learn1Dg Pr... V-iDa LiteralPrOllpta.· JOUI'DIIl!!. Eduo,aUonal a.aearch., LV (JUDe"Ju17, 1962), ~t1t-D.

Tobia., 5igDmd. • Teacbere' Att1tude. Toward Prosr-el IDatruo­tlona1 'erma." .Jol!FlJf!1 of Pr._, Ipatruet101. n(Mq, 1963) J 230-4.

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,&It" ~~.fII. lev reft. IUd.. -, 1968.