6HDUFK &RUQHOO >ec[ ;n^_X_j_ed =k[ij ;iiWo D[mi ;l[dji =k[ij ;iiWo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khh[Wb_ic J^hek]^ j^[ C_hheh e\ CW]_Y /HW XV QRW PLQFH ZRUGV WKH PDUYHORXV LV DOZD\V EHDXWLIXO DQ\WKLQJ PDUYHORXV LV EHDXWLIXO LQ IDFW RQO\ WKH 0DUYHORXV LV EHDXWLIXO $QGUp %UHWRQ 0DJLF DV D IRUFH 7KH IRUFH RI PDJLF IORZV LQ WZR GLUHFWLRQV 2QH ZH PD\ FDOO ³HQHUJHWLF PDJLF´ DQG WKH RWKHU ³ULWXDO PDJLF´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
