Surface waters and groundwater in Surface waters and groundwater in Poland Poland -- challenge to improve the challenge to improve the

status and capacity of water resources status and capacity of water resources of Polandof Poland

Marek Nawalany

Warsaw University of TechnologyInstitute of Environmental Engineering Systems

ContentsContentsWater resources in PolandWater use in PolandWaste water in PolandStatus of water resources in PolandEuropean water strategy – driversEuropean water strategy -challenges/stimuliWater resources in Poland – syntetic viewConclusions

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland (1)(1)

Poland - almost 39 million inhabitants living in about 300 000 km2 of theVistula and Odra river basins covering55.7% (Vistula) and 33.7% (Odra) of Poland’s territory. The remaining 10.6% are the catchments of small rivers flowing directly to the Baltic Sea

99.7% of Poland is located in its basin.

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland (2)(2)Precipitation: – Average precipitation – 600 mm/year– High variation of precipitation over space -

500-550 mm /year in lowlands and 1100 mm/year in mountains

Outflow: - Total river outflow from the Polish territory

to the Baltic sea – 62 km3/year (average in years 1951 – 2000)

– High variation of total outflow in time –37,5 – 90 km3/year

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland (3)(3)Water resources (WR) available for direct exploitation:

- surface waters – 30 km3 (?)/ year difficult to assess

- groundwater – although 3000km3 of static groundwater resources exist on Polish territiry only some 16km3 / year canbe effectivelly expolited due to poorrenewability of the resource (62% from Quarternary and remaining part from Tertiary and older aquifers)

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland (4)(4)Index of water availability in Poland

Index of water availability in Europe

capita/m1600populationtheinpeopleof.No

outflowannualTotal 3=

capita/m4500populationtheinpeopleof.No

outflowannualTotal 3=

Water use in Poland in Water use in Poland in hmhm33

Type of use 1980 1990 2003Total 14200 14200 11100

from surface waters 11900 11900 9300

from groundwater 2000 2000 1700

from dewatering 300 300 100

for industry 10200 (71.5%) 9500 (67.0%) 7900 (71.1%)

for irrigation 1300 (9.3%) 1700 (11.9%) 1000 (9.2%)

for drinking water 2700 (19.2%) 3000 (21.1%) 2200 (19.7%)

Waste water Waste water ((wwww) ) in Polandin Poland (1) (1) -- production in production in hmhm33

Production of WW

1980 1990 2003

Total 12000 11400 9200

Industry 9700 (7300 energ.)

9100 (7300 energ.)

7900 (7000 energ.)

Sewage 2300 2300 1300

Waste waters in PolandWaste waters in Poland (2) (2) ––discharged into waterdischarged into water bodiesbodies

inin hmhm33

WW requiring treatment 1980 1990 2003Total 4700 4100 2200treated ww 2700 2800 2000

mech. treated 1800 1500 600chem. treated 200 200 100biolog. treated 700 1100 700biogens removal 0 0 600

untreated ww 2000 1300 200

Waste waters in PolandWaste waters in Poland (3)(3)

Number of industrial treatment plants:1364 (in 1990 – 2453)

Number of communal treatment plants:2761 (in 1990 – 585)

84% urban population linked with ww treatment plants

16.5% country population linked with ww treatment plants

Status Status of water resources of water resources in Polandin Poland inin% % of rivers’ lenghts of rivers’ lenghts physicophysico--chemiacal criteria chemiacal criteria (1) (1)

Year

Lenghts o rivers under control[km]

Class I

ClassII

ClassIII

Outside

1990 8520.9 6.0 27.9 30.3 35.8

1995 6188.1 2.9 20.3 33.8 43.0

2003 6175.3 4.9 47.0 35.5 12.6

Status Status of water resources of water resources in Polandin Poland inin% % of rivers’ lenghtsof rivers’ lenghts

bacteriological criterium bacteriological criterium (2)(2)

Year

Lenghts o rivers under control[km]

Class I

ClassII

ClassIII

Outside

1990 8520.9 0 3.0 16.8 80.2

1995 6188.1 0 3.1 11.8 85.1

2003 6175.3 0 8.3 50.1 41.6

Status Status of water resources of water resources in Polandin Poland inin% % of rivers’ lenghtsof rivers’ lenghts

obligatory criteriaobligatory criteria (3)(3)

Year

Lenghts o rivers under control[km]

Class I

ClassII

ClassIII

Outside

1990 8520.9 x x x x

1995 6188.1 22.3 41.0 22.4 14.3

2003 6175.3 39.0 35.5 16.6 8.9

European European water water strategystrategy –– 3 3 driversdrivers

Health “People”

Sustainability “Environment”

Competitiveness „Economy”

European European water strategy water strategy –– 1/3 driver1/3 driver

Health “People”

Compliance with hygienic standardsin water supply

Risk assessment

EU policies

European European water strategy water strategy –– 22/3 driver/3 driver

Sustainability “Environment”

Efficient use of natural resources

Environmental concerns

Eco-labelling

\ EU policies

European European water strategy water strategy –– 33/3 driver/3 driver

Competitiveness „Economy”

Increasing water and energy costsMore stringent regulationsLess polluting as well as less waterand material consuming technologiesWater quality demands for high product quality and process reliability

• Sustainable production certificatesEU policies

EuropeanEuropean water strategy water strategy ––challengeschallenges//stimulistimuli (1/2)(1/2)

Development and implementation of new, reliable, cost-effective water technologiesensuring the availability of sufficient water quantities of the right quality at the right time.

Minimization of water consumption based on tailor-made water management and treatment concepts

EuropeanEuropean water strategy water strategy ––challengeschallenges//stimulistimuli (2/2)(2/2)

Reduction of water-based emissions

Wide-spread implementation ofexisting/emerging & new developed services & technologies

Long term water resources planning and managemnt with the use of modernmonitoring and information systems

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland-- syntetic view syntetic view –– (1)(1)

As compared with other European countries, Poland has rather scarce water resources

High spatial and time variability of water resources in Poland cause that they are sensitive to draughts, prone to generate floods and easily turn to the pollution state.

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland-- syntetic view syntetic view (2)(2)

As the water resources in Poland cannot be substantially incresed in their volume, made less variable nor less sensitive to emissions of waste water discharges, rational use ofwater and precautionary approach will be the leading principle of water management in Poland for the next decades

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland-- syntetic view syntetic view (3)(3)

This principle will be enforced

by law at the national level (presently issued „Strategy for Water Management)

by law at the regional level („Regional plans for water management” – to be issued by 2007).

Water resources in PolandWater resources in Poland-- syntetic viewsyntetic view (4)(4)

The principle will be inbedded into Integrated Water Mangement Planning of RZGW

Enforcement of the principle will be monitored by WIOŚ and IMGiW

Ideally if the principle will be supported byappropriate water programmes and the related economical mechanisms.

ConclusionsConclusions1. Water policy at the national level will be

planned coherently with the National Development Plans

checked against international agreements(e.g. Water Framework Directive)

created and coordinated by KZGW(National Board of Water Management; to be created soon, hopefully) via legal means and financial mechanisms - Sectorial and Regional Operational Programmes

enhanced through introduction of a legal framework for Private-Public Partnership(PPP)

ConclusionsConclusions2. Water policy at the regional level will be

executed coherently with the Regional Development Plans

financially supported by the EC Programmese.g. Cohesion Program, Framework Programs FP7,... programmes related to the Technology Platforms (e.g. WSSTP) and PPP (if introduced)

coordinated, monitored and executed by RZGWthrough legal means and financial mechanisms of Sectorial and Regional Operational Programmes

ConclusionsConclusions3. Water policy at the regional level requires

changes in law allowing for nonconflictingcollaboration of State and SelfgoverningAdministrations on water policies

creation and empowering of KZGW (National Board of Water Management)

recognizing crucial role of RZGW in within the water region by both administrations

ConclusionsConclusions

4. Capacity of water resources in Poland cannot be increased substantially due to natural constraints however the status and the effective use of water resources can be enhanced/improved by introducing structural changes and taking actions indicated in Conclusions 1-3.

5. To this end, water related plans, programs and private, national and European sources of financing are indispensable and welcome.

Thank you