Slide 1

Supra Wimbarti(Universitas Gadjah Mada)Intan Ahmad (Bandung Institute of Technology)

A Comparative view on Higher Education in IndonesiaIndonesia

http://thebodegablog.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/asean-map.gifBandungYogyakartaDistribution of Higher Education Institutions

4.48612.9854.8461.7133.0897.4467.5965.5431.6854.3932.2023.6268.0332.2314.3933.5502.6331.0382.2661.0351.5314.4964.6792.85176137.4763.45243.02110.6449.58832.3803.891237.3483.016Higher Education InstitutionsPopulation (1000)Legend:Source: pdpt.dikti.go.id, 20113Distribution of Students

4.48612.9854.8461.7133.0897.4467.5965.5431.6854.3932.2023.6268.0332.2314.3933.5502.6331.0382.2661.0351.5314.4964.6792.85176137.4763.45243.02110.6449.58832.3803.891237.3484.273Students (1000)Population (1000)Legend:Source: pdpt.dikti.go.id, 2011Started at the turn of the 20th Century, with circa 200 studentsDevelopment started after independenceEducation Law 1961 : 23 HESignificant expansion 1970s1975: 230,000 students1985: 1,100,000 students1995: 2,500,000 students2001: 3.4 million students2009: 4.6 million students(GER improve from 2% in 1975 to ~18.3% in 2009)Number of HEI (2011):Public : 88 Private : 3,015

Early Development of Indonesian Higher Education SystemSource:Dikti5Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education15.26%16.91%17.75%18.36%Components Year2005200620072008200920102010 *)2011Age 19 - 23 21.190.00021.184.10021.174.90021.171.20021.170.30021.184.00019.844.485 19.858.146 Students 3.868.3584.285.6454.375.5054.501.5434.657.5475.226.4505.226.450 5.363.791 Public 805.479824.693978.739965.9701.011.7211.030.4031.030.403 1.054.438 Private 2.243.7602.567.8792.392.4172.410.2762.451.4512.886.6412.886.641 2.937.726 Special 48.49351.31847.25347.25366.53592.97192.971 101.245 Islamic 508.545518.901506.247556.763503.439571.336571.336 603.619 Open University 262.081322.854450.849521.281624.401645.099645.099 666.763 APK (%) 18.26%20,23%20,66%21,26%22,00%24,67%26,34% 27,16%*) Population Census, 20106Real Challenge: Education Attaintment of Indonesian Labor Forces Education200120062010Elementary or not Completed ES63.0%55.5%51.5%Secondary School17.7%20.2%18.9%High School10.3%12.7%14.6%Vocational High School5.5%6.2%7.8%Diploma I,II,III1.6%2.2%2.7%University1.8%3.2%4.6%Source: Dikti

Providing Large Scale Scholarship for the Poors Aiming at 20% Student Population Body from Q1 and Q2Source: WB, 2010The Roles of Higher EducationTeaching &LearningResearch & DevelopmentPublicationInteraction withIndustry & SocietySource: Dikti9General Framework of HE DevelopmentR&D & National innovationCompetitive human resourceHuman Resourceand regional R&D needsHuman resource development at local levelUniversity mission is developed to match sustained sector development,local resources, and capacity of the institutionOrientationInternationally competitive research University for National InnovationOrientation: long termNational DevelopmentOrientation: Current and futureLocal and regional developmentskills human resourceDPT, 2011Grooming Research Universities and Developing Community CollegesDPT, 2011HEIs in IndonesiaHigher education is an extension of secondary education which consists of :

1. Academic education which focuses on the mastery of knowledge (BS, MS, Dr.) and 2. Applied education (Diploma 1-4; S2 and S3 applied) which focuses on preparing the graduates to apply their expertise. 3. Professional education (professional & specialist) which prepares graduates to be professionals (doctors, psychologists, etc).

Indonesian Qualification FrameworkS2S1S3General High School (3)IQF123457896S2(Applied)D ID IV/ S1(Applied)D IIID IIVocational High School (3)S3(Applied)ExpertTechnician/AnalystOperator Carrer DevelopmentSpecialistProfesional9 Year Basic Education (6+3) Early Childhood Education (1-2) Resource sharingSharing of staff resource: detasering programDistance lecturing/learningSharing of information:INHERENT: management, education, research through ICT; video tele conferenceGaruda.dikti.go.id: joint repository of publicationsIndonesian citation index: joint indexing of articlesSharing of facilities:Shared use of laboratory facilities Improving Connectivity of Indonesian Higher Education and Research Network (INHERENT)

15INHERENT National ICT backbone for Indonesian higher education institutionsImprove quality of and access to Indonesian HEIntensive development since 2006, aimed at:ICT for research, education, and univ managementResource sharing of research, education and academic communityInnovative ICT application developmentImprove access and quality of HEDesigned as a scale free intra-networkEnd of 2007 bridged to the Global Development Learning Network to become the largest in country GDLN in the world16Internationalization of HE 2000s: Internationalization of HEEmergence of Bilingual programsInternationalization of curriculumInternational quality standardJoint programs (institutional partnership/ collaboration)Government scholarships to study abroadUniversity & DGHE programs for internationalization: promote academic collaboration joint program, twinning/double degree program17Providing Large Scale Program for Upgrading Qualification of University LecturersNo.CountryMaster/PhDSandwichPost DocTOTAL200820092010Sub-total200820092010Sub-total20092010Sub-total1AUSTRALIA2622221105941481721114316842110 1.135 2MALAYSIA259503534418402186314 534 3JEPANG1479569311684742157424991 559 4INGGRIS120695524440121163271037 344 5BELANDA943631161764255173161733 367 6JERMAN69362012532181666231942 233 7PERANCIS19145790113317437 114 8USA182020581351111123588144125 541 9THAILAND28910473025112 54 10TAIWAN1249253003112 30 Other763526137823841161181937335 TOTAL1104590442213678244339516202842064904246Nizam, 201118Stimulating Research & Community ServicesResearch grantsCommunity ServicesIPR: support for patent applicationsPublications: accreditation & improvement of scientific journalsDevelopment of national on-line journalsNation-wide e-journal subscribtionStudent Activity ProgramsEntrepreneurshipSoft skills developmentEducation for Sustainable Development19Competitive-Based Funding (CBF)Problem: disparity in quality of higher education institutions in Indonesia ( ~ 3000 universities)Improve the Quality through Competitive Based Funding (CBF), started in 1996Based on the proposal: granting an opportunity to the unit of the university to develop its own plan to improve the quality, implement the plan, and be responsible as well as accountable for that.

Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance SystemExternal: National Accreditation Board est. in 1997Compulsory for study program accreditationInstitutional accreditationsince 2008Internal: mandatory Internal Quality Assurance SystemIndonesia Qualification FrameworkEntry to HE: past 12 year elementary & high schoolDual track system: Academic & Vocational tracksS1 (BA): 4 year (140-150 Sem. Credit units)S2 (MS): 2 year (40-50 Sem. Credit Units)S3 (Dr): 3 year researchDiploma I, II, III, IV, Specialists21Vielen DankThank youTerimakasih