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Document: Van t Hof, S. (2001) Supporting irrigation networking in West and CentralAfrica: the establishment of ARID-L. Report KIT Information Services, 32 p.[general031.pdf, 1080 kB]

Key words: technology transfer, irrigation, appropriate technology, small farms, diffusion of

information, information systems, international cooperation

Mots cl: transfert de technologie, irrigation, technologie approprie, petite agriculture,

diffusion de linformation, systmes dinformation, coopration internationale

Abstract: An account of the first year of operation of ARID-L, a small-scale irrigationnetwork, is presented. In 1998, a workshop on small-scale irrigation development andtechnology was held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. It was organized by ARID (Association

Rgionale sur lIrrigation et le Drainage en Afrique de lOuest et du Centre) and IPTRID(International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage). One of

the recommendations was to create within the framework of ARID/IPTRID a regional

network for technology transfer and promotion of small-scale irrigation in Central and WestAfrica. The network was to be called ARID-L. A memorandum of understanding to define

the responsibilities of the various partners with regard to the creation and first year ofoperation of ARID-L was signed by representatives of ARID, KIT (Royal Tropical Institute),

FAO and IPTRID in October 2000. The first year of operation ended on 31st Dec 2001 afterthe creation of a mailing list, the diffusion of 2 newsletters in French and in English, and thedesign of a web site (now at http://www.eier.org/arid)

Observations (Sjon van t Hof, HIPPO Foundation, 8/4/2002): Very useful, on-going project.

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Supporting irrigation

networking in West and CentralAfrica: the establishment of ARID-L

final report

Sjon van t Hof

Information ServicesAmsterdam, 31 December 2001

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Fig. 1: French home page of the ARID-L web site (http://www.eier.org/arid)

Click here for English version

Comment s'inscrire l' ARID-LIL'ARID & ARID-L

Lettres du RseauIChercher

ARID-L: le rseau sur la petite irrigation de l'ARID,l'Association Rgionale sur l'Irrigation et le Drainage en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre

visites (>24/10/01):

228

Messages l'ARID-LARID-L moderateursARID-L webmestre

Les 23 pays de l'ARID sont: Bnin, Burkina Faso,Cameroun, Cap Vert, Centrafrique, Congo, Cte d'Ivoire,Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guine, Guine Bissau, GuineEquatoriale, Libria, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigria, SaoTom, Sngal, Sierra Leone,Tchad,Togo.

Les sujets proposs traitent de: l'irrigation localise Ipompes nergie renouvelable I la rcolte de leau I lamise en valeur des bas-fonds I systmes de pompage faible hauteur d'lvation I l'irrigation peri-urbaine eturbaine I utilisation des aquifres peu profonds I transferttechnologique I genre et pauvret I irrigation traditionnelle Il'environnement

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Table of contents

Acronyms.................................................................................................................. 4Acknowledgements.................................................................................................. 41. Introduction........................................................................................................... 52. Partners................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 IPTRID and FAO............................................................................................... 52.2 ARID and EIER-ETSHER ................................................................................. 62.3 KIT Information Services................................................................................... 7

3. The project ............................................................................................................ 74. Main products....................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Newsletters ....................................................................................................... 84.2 Web site ............................................................................................................ 94.3 Mailing list ....................................................................................................... 10

5. Discussion .......................................................................................................... 105.1 Sustainability................................................................................................... 105.2 Membership base and enthusiasm ................................................................ 105.3 Internal synergy of products........................................................................... 115.4 External linkages........................................................................................ 12

6. Conclusion and suggestions............................................................................. 12References .............................................................................................................. 16Annex 1: Memorandum of Understanding ........................................................... 17Annex 2: List of subscribers to ARID-L................................................................ 19Annex 3: Welcome message to new subscribers................................................ 20Annex 4: The ARID-L newsletter ........................................................................... 27

Source of inspiration ............................................................................................. 27

Irrigation mailing lists and newsletters .................................................................. 27Web sites .............................................................................................................. 28

Annex 5: The ARID-L web site............................................................................... 30Annex 6: People involved in establishing ARID-L ............................................... 32

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Acronyms

AFEID Association Franaise pour lEtude des Irrigations et duDrainage

AGL Land and Water Development Division of the FAO

AGPIDAssociation Guinenne des Professionnels de l'Irrigation et du Drainage

AMID Association Malienne pour l'Irrigation et le Drainage

ANID Association Nigrienne pour l'Irrigation et le Drainage

ARID Association Rgionale sur l'Irrigation et le Drainage en Afrique de l'Ouest et duCentre

ARID-L Small-scale irrigation network of ARID

ATID Association Tchadienne pour l'Irrigation et le Drainage

CEFOC Centre de Formation Continue Commun

Cemagref Cemagref

CFPI Cellule de Formation Professionnelle l'Ingnierie

CNID-B Comit National des Irrigations et du Drainage du Burkina

EIER Ecole Inter-Etats d'Ingnieurs de l'Equipement RuralETSHER Ecole Inter-Etats des Techniciens Suprieurs de l'Hydraulique et de l'Equipement

Rural

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FAO-RAF FAO Regional Office for Africa (Accra)

GSAE Ghana Society of Agricultural Engineers

HR-Wallingford HR Wallingford

ICID International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage

ICT Information and Communication Technology

ILRI International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement

IPTRID International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage

IWMI International Water Management InstituteKIT Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (Royal Tropical Institute)

MAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France)

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

NGO Non-governmental organization

NINCID Nigerian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage

USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation

Acknowledgements

A list of people who were in some way involved in establishing ARID-L during theperiod 1999-2001 is presented in Annex 8. Special thanks are due to Audrey Nepveude Villemarceau of IPTRID, Dr. Hamma Yacouba of EIER and Mr. Franois Gadelle(formerly Worldbank).

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1. Introduction

In December 1998, a workshop on small-scale irrigation development and technologywas held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. It was organized by ARID (AssociationRgionale sur lIrrigation et le Drainage en Afrique de lOuest et du Centre) andIPTRID (International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation andDrainage) with financial support from AFEID (Asociation Franaise pour lEtude desIrrigations et du Drainage) and FAO. A general assembly of ARID was combined withthe workshop. One of the recommendations was to create within the framework ofARID/IPTRID a regional network for technology transfer and promotion of small-scaleirrigation in Central and West Africa. (Anon., 1999).

A plan for a project to support the establishment of a network on small-scale irrigationwas discussed during a subsequent meeting convened by IPTRID in Accra, Ghana,

in May 1999. The network was to be called ARID-L, the small-scale irrigation networkof ARID. A memorandum of understanding (MOU, see Annex 1) to define the rolesand responsibilities of the various partners with regard to the creation and first year ofoperation of ARID-L was signed by representatives of these partners (ARID, KIT,FAO and IPTRID; see section 2) in October 2000. A steering committee (comit depilotage) was established with representatives from these partners. Four co-moderators were designated: Audrey Nepveu de Villemarceau (IPTRID), Nico vanLeeuwen (FAO), Dr. Hamma Yacouba (EIER) and Sjon van t Hof (KIT).

This report reviews specifically KIT output until 31 December 2001 and providessuggestions to enhance future sustainability and development.

2. Partners

2.1 IPTRID and FAO

In 1991, the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation andDrainage (IPTRID) was established by the World Bank at the request of theInternational Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID, see www.icid.org ). ICID

strives to promote programs to enhance sustainable development of irrigatedagriculture worldwide. Sovereign countries having interest in the activities of the ICIDare eligible to become a member and create a National Committee. Today, 88countries have joined ICID to pool their efforts. The role of IPTRID is complementary:its mandate is to promote the research, development and transfer of irrigation anddrainage technologies in and by developing countries. There are many linkagesbetween IPTRID, FAO, ICID, the World Bank and other international organizations.One of the ICID work bodies is the IPTRID Advisory Committee and ICID hasconsultative status with FAO.

During the World Food Summit of 1996, the lack of technology transfer in the field of

irrigation was identified as one of main constraints to the development of irrigatedagriculture, especially to the development of small-scale irrigation and privateirrigation in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, the conditions for technology transfer have

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never been better with the increased availability of electronic communication indeveloping countries. It was recommended that donors should help intensify theprocess of technology transfer by promoting the use of modern communicationmethods.

Since 1998, IPTRID (http://www.fao.org/iptrid) is hosted and managed by the Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The IPTRID network works at 3levels: (1) the Central Network, with international institutions, such as USBR,Cemagref, HR Wallingford, ICID, ILRI and IWMI; (2) Country Networks, which workwith individuals and organizations within a country or a region; and (3) 5000individual members and organizations spread across 160 countries. ARID operatesat the second level.

2.2 ARID and EIER-ETSHER

The Regional Association for Irrigation and Drainage in West and Central Africa(French acronym: ARID) is a regional Country network of IPTRID. It wasestablished in 1996. With the exception of Nigeria (the Nigerian National Committeeon Irrigation and Drainage, NINCID), there were no active ICID national committeesin West and Central Africa. Hence the need for IPTRID to stimulate the establishmentof national committees through the creation of ARID. (The green countries in the mapalready had national committees). The 23 countries of ARID are: Benin, BurkinaFaso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali,Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tom, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.

The objectives of ARID are to: (1) promote thesustainable development of land and water in order toincrease agricultural production and achieve foodsecurity; (2) promote irrigation and drainage technology,including that of flood control and river development, be itin its aspects of engineering, agriculture, economics, theenvironment and socially, collect and distribute theresults of studies and research; (3) promoting theexchange of experiences using South-South and North-

South networks; and (4) promote the establishment ofnational irrigation and drainage committees, where ARIDis the regional representative of the ICID.

ARID relies heavily on external funds from France (Ministry of Foreign Affairs MAE- and the French national ICID committee - AFEID) and IPTRID for its activities. Thefunctioning of its secretariat depends on EIER-ETSHER. The secretariat of ARID is atEIER-ETSHER (Ecole Inter-Etats d'Ingnieurs de l'Equipement Rural and the EcoleInter-Etats des Techniciens Suprieurs de l'Hydraulique et de l'Equipement Rural,see http://www.eier.org), an international rural engineering college in Burkina Fasowith a student base from the entire French-speaking part of sub-Saharan Africa. Over

the past few years the main activities were the organization of 2 biennial regionalworkshops and the promotion of the establishment of national ICID committees in itsmandate area. As a result of ARID activities, new national ICID committees are now

Fig. 2: The ARID mandatearea (in light green and grey)

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in various stages of establishment in Chad (ATID), Mali (AMID), Burkina Faso (CNID-B), Niger (ANID), Ghana (GSAE), Senegal, and Guinea (AGPID). The Nigeriancommittee (NINCID) existed well before 1996 and is well integrated in ICID activities.General assemblies are held every two years: 4-5 July 1996, 3-4 December 1998,and 26 April 2001. General assemblies are combined with regional workshops on

small-scale irrigation development. Other activities included the collection ofinformation of organizations and persons interested in small-scale irrigation in Maliand three other countries. It was also recommended for ARID to elaborate projects,increase international co-operation, and diversify its partners. At the same time,IPTRID expects ARID to gradually develop information and documentation servicesfor its members.

2.3 KIT Information Services

KIT Information Services (http://www.kit.nl/information_services) offers informationfacilities to those working in the field of development. Its objectives are to contributeto the capacity building and institutional development of information services indeveloping countries; to collect relevant information in the field of internationalcooperation and make it available to developing countries, insofar as this informationis supplementary to existing sources; and, to support international cooperation by theprovision of information to professionals and intermediaries working in this field.Activities include advice on: establishment of libraries, information and resourcecentres, clearinghouses; establishment of inter-institutional information networks;development of information systems; development and implementation of databases;the development and publication of information or resource packages; newsletters;and training on information centre strategy development and operationalmanagement (Van Hartevelt, 2000).

3. The project

The aim of the project was to establish the ARID-L network as the electronic meansof communication between ARID and ARID members. The general objective of theARID-L network is to improve the exchange of and access to information and theresults of research in order to encourage the use of small-scale irrigation

technologies in rural, peri-urban and urban areas in Africa and to strengthen the localcapacity for communication and application. To this end the network would dispose ofthe following services: an electronic discussion list or mailing list, an electronicnewsletter and a web site.

A thematic discussion list, such as ARID-L, would provide a quick, cheap andpotentially powerful method for exchanging information between geographicallydispersed persons. The ARID-L newsletter would provide information on: (1)experiences in small-scale irrigation research and development; (2) technical andother subjects; (3) conferences, seminars and workshops; (4) training courses; (5)job opportunities; and (6) Internet resources. The newsletter frequency is between 2and 4 issues per year. The web site would provide project information. ARID wouldnot provide hardware, software, Internet subscriptions or trainings for its members.

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The newsletter, subscription to the discussion list, and access to the web site wouldbe free.

On behalf of ARID and in collaboration with ARID, KIT was to initiate and develop thevarious information activities in order to establish ARID-L and to launch the

semestrial newsletter. To that end, KIT would provide technical assistance transfer allresponsibilities in relation to ARID-L to ARID on the 31st of December 2001. (seeMemorandum of Understanding in Annex 1).

4. Main products

4.1 Newsletters

Newsletters in French and English were produced and distributed using the e-mail listARID-L, which is hosted on an FAO server. The subjects were: (1) Foreword by the

secretary-general of ARID; (2) Background information on ARID; (3) GeneralAssembly of ARID and Workshop on Irrigation in West Africa, April 2001; (4)ARID-LNetworking Mechanisms; (5) Internet news and the ARID-L web site; (6)Development of the ARID-L web site; (7) Almost 100 ARID-L subscribers already; (8)Seminar on private sector participation and irrigation expansion in Accra; (9)Brainstorming on water-lifting technologies in West Africa; (10) Allahoury electedpresident of ARID; (11) Good practices on irrigated rice schemes in West Africa; (12)Ongoing small-holder irrigation initiatives by the World Bank; (13) Contest forinnovative irrigation ideas and technologies; (14) Ongoing research on small-scaleirrigation technology in Africa; (15) IPTRID programme manager post becomesvacant; (16)An overview of 43 articles on small-scale irrigation in GRID, the IPTRID

magazine; (17) Irrigation technologies in maESTro, a UNEP database forEnvironmentally Sound Technology; (18) Documents and references on small-scaleirrigation in WCA-infoNET; (19) IPTRID Newsletter; (20) Board meeting of ARID on24 October 2001 in Accra; (21) Progress reports from the national ICID committees:Chad, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, Ghana, Senegal; (22) Call for contributions;(23) How to join ARID-L; and, (24) Contact. (Note that above links refer to thenewsletter as published in the ARID-L sub-domain of the www.hipponet.nl web site.The main reason is that at the time of writing the second newsletter was not yetavailable on the ARID sub-domain of the www.eier.org web site). The approach usedfor making newsletters is described in Annex 4.

To ease the transition to full responsibility for the newsletter by the ARID secretariat,preparations were made for a 3rd newsletter. It shows a trend towards more project-and Africa-related information, witness the following headings: Request forinformation on the maintenance cost of community-based irrigation schemes;Smallholder Irrigation Market Initiative (SIMI); CD-ROM Proceedings ARID workshopheld in Ouagadougou, 23-26 April 2001; African Regional Working Group (AFRWG),Seoul, Korea; World Bank experience with new style irrigation developmentstrategies; Irrigation management under resource scarcity; Africa and urbanagriculture; Workshop on peri-urban agriculture, Montpellier (1998); Workshop onurban and peri-urban agriculture, Accra (1999); Extension notes on irrigation of EDIS,Florida; Overview of reports on small-scale irrigation by HR Wallingford; Module 8 onsprinkler irrigation of new FAO training manual; Guidelines for integrated planning ofland resources; Field guide on small-scale irrigation from Malawi; Better watermanagement leads to higher rice yields in Burkina Faso; Projet de developpement

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integral de l'aval de Manantali (PDIAM); Towards a development andresearch/training network on urban agriculture; FAO Investment Centres assistanceto irrigation investment in Africa; West African Water Vision; Water managementfellowships for women; and,Tunisian Water Week, May 2002.

4.2 Web site

The web site provides English and French information for both English and Frenchusers. It has a French page daccueil and an English homepage, pointing to 23country pages (in West and Central Africa), 11 subject pages, and 8 general pages.The general pages are: search, background information on ARID and ARID-L,subscription to ARID-L, resources, newsletters, contact, links, and a picture gallery.Most are mixed pages with English and French texts, depending on the language ofthe files they point to. There are also pages with an English abstract and a Frenchrsum of information that is of particularly interest (see for instance:

http://www.eier.org/arid/ressources/DGCID.htm). Finally, there are special pages,including those on workshops on small-scale irrigation technology and developmentin West and Central Africa and on the finalists of the 2001 small-scale irrigationcontest (http://www.eier.org/arid/ressources/contest.htm). Various aspects of webconstruction are described in Annex 5.

In all, the ARID-L web site has 117 linked files with a total size of 1242 kB or anaverage of 10.6 kB/file. There are also 31 pictures with a total size of 143 kB, or anaverage of 4.6 kB. There are only 4 slow pages exceeding an estimated downloadtime of 15 seconds with a 56K modem. There are 1097 external hyperlinks, i.e.hyperlinks pointing to files outside the ARID-L web site.

A web-based counter was installed on the English home page and the French pagedaccueil on 24 October 2001. The counter, being a free one, only registers visitors tothe 2 home pages. The number of visitors is about 100 per month. A peak can beobserved on the days following the e-mail distribution of the newsletter.

Fig. 3: Peak in page views following the secondnewsletter on the 6

thof December, 2001

Fig. 4: Visitors are from around the world, butmostly from western Europe and West Africa

Until the 31st of Dec. 2001, the ARID-L web site was hosted as a sub-domain of theHIPPO Foundation in the Netherlands (http://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l). The HIPPOFoundation will close the sub-domain once the transition is completed to the web siteof EIER/ETSHER in Burkina Faso (http://www.eier.org/arid). On the 6th of December

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2001 the entire web site of ARID-L was transferred as an e-mail attached zip-file tothe ARID-L co-moderator Dr. Hamma Yacouba at EIER in order to facilitateuploading to the EIER web site.

4.3 Mailing list

In February 2001, a welcome message in English and in French was produced andsent to every new subscriber to the ARID-L mailing list (see annex 5). The list wasannounced in GRID, the magazine of IPTRID, the Land and Water Newsletter if theFAO, and Afrique Agriculture. A presentation was made at the irrigation days atOuagadougou in April 2001 to an audience of about 100 regional irrigationprofessionals. It was decided to establish a moderated e-mail list to avoid spamming.Several spamming attempts were registered, but never made it to the list. The mainuses of the e-mail list ARID-L were the distribution of e-newsletters and alerting

subscribers to upcoming events, such as workshops or the irrigation contest. It didnot serve as a discussion list in the image of IRRIGATION-L1. Therefore it was notnecessary to archive any e-mail messages. If the intensity of communication willincrease, the decision not to archive e-mail messages may be reconsidered.

5. Discussion

5.1 Sustainability

Starkey (1996) emphasized that networks thrive on enthusiastic member participation

in specific activities that allow interaction and sharing. The success of many networksdepends on the efforts of a highly committed network core group, of which themembers consider the success of the network as an explicit objective of theirprofessional lives and work. He adds that almost all individuals and organizationsinvolved in agricultural development have excessive demands on their time andresources, and network business will only receive adequate attention if it isconsidered a priority.

Early 2002, ARID will recruit a full-time person to assist the General Secretariat. Thisperson will be involved in the second phase of the project "good practices inirrigation" (for first phase, see link). This project is considered a good opportunity for

ARID to demonstrate its effectiveness as a regional organization. He/she will also beresponsible for ARID-L2. To be effective, this person must be fluent in English andFrench. The prospects for providing more ARID content to the newsletter and website are good. In the short term, most national networks are likely to requireconsiderable encouragement and guidance before contributing to ARID-L.

5.2 Membership base and enthusiasm

In December 2001, ARID-L had 100 e-mail subscription addresses, which seemsreasonable for a regional thematic networking considering that IRRIGATION-L with a

1IRRIGATION-L is the main discussion list on irrigation in the world.2

This person will probably need at least 300 working hours/year for ARID-L to do a credible job.

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global mandate and a wider scope has about 600. The identity and affiliation of anumber of subscribers is not known as a result of the simple subscription procedure,which only requires the submission of an e-mail address. These addresses and thenames of their owners, if known, are not published3, but people are free to introducethemselves on the list to other members once they are subscribed. A number of

internationally renowned specialists that actively reply to queries on IRRIGATION-L issubscribed to ARID-L. At least the following countries from the ARID mandate areaare represented by one or more subscribers: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali,Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. Other countries include Colombia, India,France, UK, USA and Zimbabwe.

ARID was established in 1996 to meet the demands of irrigation and drainageprofessionals in West and Central Africa, while awaiting the establishment of nationalcommittees of the ICID (see section 2.2). It is clear that these national committeesmust first get organized at a national level before much sharing or interaction can beinitiated at a regional level.

On the basis of the subscription list4 it can be concluded that only a fraction of theirrigation professionals working with NGOs and other organizations in West andCentral Africa are subscribed to ARID-L. Very few of the organizations and personsmentioned by Sangar (2000) in his list of those involved in small-scale irrigation inMali are subscribed. Moreover, the list of Sangar on Mali is far from complete: majorirrigation regions, such as Timbuktu and Gao, are missing entirely. It is safe toconclude that there is considerable scope for expanding the membership base ofARID-L, especially in countries, such as Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chadand Nigeria.

5.3 Internal synergy of products

There are a number of obvious linkages between the different ARID products,services and activities, such as those between:

the production of newsletter items and finding web content; the organization of workshops, their announcement using the e-mail list or the

newsletter, and the diffusions of their results; ARID information or research projects and the diffusion of results;

the establishment of data bases on persons, organizations and projects involvedin irrigation technology and development and the existence of national ICIDcommittees;

The design and development of a regional information system.

The only way to produce newsletters with up-to-date information on the activities andproducts of many different organizations is by using the Internet. An example of sucha newsletter is Source5. By scouring the Internet for newsletter items, useful contentfor the web site is identified. Conversely, by looking for web content, newsletteritems are found. Another example of synergy is that of ARID workshops or otherworkshops on irrigation in Africa: they could be announced either using the e-mail list

3 A list of addresses is attached in Annex 2.4 See Annex 25

See Annex 4

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or the newsletter with supplementary information on the web site. It should becomestandard practice to produce abstracts of the proceedings with e-mail references ofthe authors to make sure that the workshop output becomes available to a wideraudience as soon as possible after the workshop is over. Similarly, if ARID carriesout information or research projects, such as the one on good practices in irrigation,

ARID-L provides an excellent platform for efficiently exploiting the potential of theInternet.

5.4 External linkages

Already, many English, American and international institutions and organizations usethe Internet for publications.6 Increasingly, project results, especially those of pilotstudies and research projects, will be published on the Internet. Thematic web sitesand newsletters, such as those of ARID-L, can point out these Internet resources tomembers. An example of such a project is ANPIP in Niger. Its web site was

constructed in a very short span of time early 2001 and at virtually no cost at all.

It is likely that WCA infoNET (an Internet-based information initiative of IPTRID) willbe able to provide ever better access to Internet-published information on waterconservation and use in agriculture, including small-scale irrigation development andtechnology. However, for the collection of such information on countries and regions,it must rely on people and organizations in those areas. ARID could play a centralrole in the collection of information for WCA infoNET in West and Central Africa.Similarly, ARID could help members find relevant information in WCA infoNET. Notethat WCA infoNET is a new FAO/IPTRID initiative that became operational in August,2001.

Most printed information will continue to be inaccessible by Internet or not freelyaccessible for some time to come. For a bilingual network, such as ARID-L, it isimportant to note that this is often the case with French language books, articles andreports, even those of a bibliographic nature. It will be a challenge to ARID-L to helpimprove access to these conventional sources of information. This is not necessarilyby providing full text access, but could also take the form of Internet accessiblebibliographies with information on how to explore existing document deliveryservices.

By taking on regional information diffusion responsibilities, ARID could build on andpossibly strengthen the existing information infrastructure of EIER/ETSHER, whichalready performs the role of general secretariat or ARID. The EIER/ETSHERcomplex has good library facilities, including a 13,000 volume collection of books.Considering the fact that a large number of students from all over French-speakingWest Africa are trained at EIER/ETSHER every year, there is no better place for arepository of publications and grey literature on small-scale irrigation technology anddevelopment.

6. Conclusion and suggestions

6See Deininger, A. and Stein, T.-M. (2000) Irrigation information in the Internet

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During the first 10 months of ARID-L existence it became clear that: (1) there issufficient interest in electronic information on small-scale irrigation development andtechnology both in West and Central Africa and elsewhere in the world; (2) there isno lack of information on the Internet and from e-mail sources for publishing at least 2newsletters a year with relevant content; and (3) it is feasible to create a thematic

web site on small-scale irrigation development with an emphasis on West andCentral Africa.

The task of establishing a specialized network promoting information exchange onresearch programmes/results and development projects/approaches related to small-scale irrigation has by no means been completed and the question of sustainability isstill open. It is clear, though, that ARID and ARID-L were established as part ofexisting ICID and FAO/IPTRID global networks. There is no viable alternative toARID and ARID-L, even if their medium- and long-term financial and organizationalsustainability has not yet been secured. Their relatively low cost7 and promise ofglobal access to information are compelling reasons for using ICT-based solutions.

There is synergy with existing and on-going initiatives, such as regional irrigationconferences. It is encouraging to note that there are movements to set up a secondRegional Network for SADC (IPTRID, 2001).

The following recommendations are offered to ARID for consideration in future ARID-L developments.

(1) stimulate the collection and organization of information relevant to small-scale irrigation at sub-regional and national level;

(2) harmonize the tools and methodologies for sharing information throughoutthe sub-region;

(3) ensure that the results of research and development activities areincorporated into international as well as regional information systems;

(4) strengthen Francophone-Anglophone collaboration;(5) ensure that repositories of relevant publications and grey literature are

available in the sub-region;(6) produce bibliographic outputs for the benefit of users in the sub-region and

worldwide;(7) seek support from existing institutions in the region; a highly committed

core group could prove essential for network success;(8) promote network sustainability by using the simplest and most affordable

methods first;

(9) create a clear sense of purpose; and,(10) expand the membership base.

A modest attempt to provide a list of detailed suggestions for elaborating the aboverecommendations is presented below:

1. stimulate the collection and organization of information relevant tosmall-scale irrigation at sub-regional and national level:

7When use is made of existing electronic infrastructure, such as the www.eier.org web site, the only

other cost factor is for personnel. The time requirement of a motivated, trained person should notnormally exceed the time input during 2001, which was less than 400 hours. Recruited locally, such aperson should not budgeted at more than 20% of US$ 1000/month, i.e. US$ 2400/year. It is envisagedthat the full-time person who will be recruited for the best practice project will devote part of his timeto the network.

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1.1 involve newly established national ICID committees in West and CentralAfrica, such as those of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali and Niger, as well as olderinstitutions, such as NINCID and the GSAE, in information-related ARID-Lactivities. Sangar (2000) indicates that it is very difficult to keep databases onpersons, projects, enterprises and organizations involved in small-scale

irrigation up to date. Such a task is best decentralized to national ICIDcommittees. The same applies to the collection of grey literature and otherinformation.8

1.2 combine the collection of information on persons, projects, enterprises andorganizations involved in small-scale irrigation, such as that carried out bySangar (2000), with the publication of this information on the ARID-L web siteby directly obtaining explicit permission for Internet publication. The use of asingle format throughout the sub-region should be encouraged.

1.3 a possible example of direct involvement of the ICID committees would be thepublication of their whereabouts on the ARID-L web site;

1.4 encourage the awareness and diffusion of conventional publications on small-

scale irrigation by African authors, especially those who are subscribed toARID-L.9

1.5 (follows from 1.4) develop an Internet bibliography-cum-reprint service ofconventional publications on small-scale irrigation in West and Central Africa.

2. harmonize the tools and methodologies for sharing informationthroughout the sub-region:

2.1 promote the use of the ARID-L newsletter and web site for sharing informationthroughout the sub-region;

2.2 promote the use of standard formats for electronic document storage andexchange;

2.3 consider using CD-ROMs for the following reasons and purposes: (1) they arecheap to reproduce; (2) they can reach those with poor or zero connectivity;(3) they can be used to improve access to documents referred to in the ARID-L web site or newsletter that take a long time to download with an ordinarymodem connection; (4) it is possible to add searchable bibliographies orscanned documents (e.g multipage TIFF/PDF files) of valuable informationthat is not available electronically; (5) in fact, relatively little Francophoneinformation is available electronically; multipage TIFF files could help solvethis problem; (6) the Internet is not as stable a resource as an ordinary library;files disappear or change location all the time. A kind of reference CD in abiennial format to coincide with the biennial workshop on small-scale irrigation

in Ouagadougou may be useful in several respects.3. ensure that the results of research and development activities areincorporated into international as well as regional information systems:

3.1 examples are the use of AGRIS and WCA infoNET;3.2 to support the use of AGRIS, searchable annotated bibliographies on various

topics of small-scale irrigation development and technology in CD-ROM format(see 2.3) could help produce better abstracts.

4. strengthen Francophone-Anglophone collaboration:4.1 special attention should be paid to accommodate Nigeria and NINCID in the

ARID system;

8 At the same time it must be recognized that there is no way to beat the Internet for efficientinformation collection provided the information is published on the Internet.. See also suggestion 8.3.9 To mention only two active African authors: Magatte Wade from Senegal and Mathias Fonte fromCameroon. There are many more.

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4.2 if annotated bibliographies on a number of ARID subjects are produced,attention must be paid to avoid a bias towards documents in the Englishlanguage or containing an abstract in English;

4.3 a request could be addressed to IPTRID to put the French version of itsmagazine on-line (the English version has been available for years on the web

site ofHR Wallingford).5. ensure that repositories of relevant publications and grey literature are

available in the sub-region:5.1 e.g. a repository in the EIER library in Ouagadougou, and possibly another

one in the library of FAO-RAF in Accra.6. produce bibliographic outputs for the benefit of users in the sub-region

and worldwide:6.1 the production of an overview and assessment of the literature or annotated

bibliographies on a dozen or so small-scale irrigation subjects is the fastestway to provide quick access to conventional literature;

6.2 ideally, the bibliographies should point out details of document delivery

services, such as those offered by IPTRID, FAO, USBR, HR Wallingford orKIT;

6.3: at some point, ARID could play a role of moderating the access to thesedocument delivery services for its members.

7. seek support from existing institutions in the region; a highly committedcore group could prove essential for network success:

7.1 an example is the Inland Valley Consortium of WARDA.8. promote network sustainability by using the simplest and most

affordable methods first:8.1 decentralize the responsibility for the content of ARID-L country and subject

pages to the national ICID committees and relevant institutions, preferablywithin the sub-region. This will provide a powerful signal of networksustainability based on member enthusiasm;

8.2 request the Inland Valley Consortium of WARDA to adopt the ARID-L pageon inland valleys;

8.3 emphasize the need for decentralized information supply at all times.Increasingly, projects, institutions, donors, organizations and individuals insub-Saharan Africa should be encouraged to supply information to the benefitof counterparts elsewhere in the continent. The need to use modern ICTapproaches for diffusing this information is inescapable.

9. create a clear sense of purpose

9.1 Individuals involved in agricultural development have little time to devotenetwork business unless they consider it a priority. Information must bepractical. One way to ensure practicality, is by taking a good practice approachto networking (see Van t Hof, 2001);

9.2 consider involving a mailing list specialist, e.g. from Bellanet.10. expand the membership base

10.1 there are various ways to expand the membership base. One is to continueto announce ARID-L. It seems wise to wait with further announcements, e.g. inIRRIGATION-L and Spore, until the ARID-L web site is successfullytransferred from the HIPPO web site to EIER, in order to avoid unnecessaryconfusion;

10.2 national ICID committees must seek membership among irrigationprofessionals, so they are the best place to expand the ARID-L membershipbase, especially in the ARID area; and,

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10.3 national ICID committees should be encouraged to develop a balancedmembership from government institutions, educational facilities, privateenterprises (consultancies, equipment sellers), non-governmentalorganizations and farmer associations. Subscription to ARID-L should not belinked to committee membership.

References

Anon. (1999) Irrigation technology transfer in support of food security FAO/IPTRIDworkshop for West and Central Africa. GRID, Issue 13, Feb. 1999, p. 13.

ARID (2001) Newsletter issue no. 1http://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/newsletter1.htm

ARID (2001) Newsletter issue no. 2http://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/newsletter2.htm

Deininger, A. and Stein, T.-M. (2000) Irrigation information in the Internet

FAO (2000) Protocole daccordrelatif ltablissement dun rseau informatique surla petite irrigation auprs de lAssociation Rgionale pour lIrrigation et leDrainage en Afrique de lOuest et du Centre, ARID.

FAO (2001) IPTRID: promoting research and technology transfer. Achievements ofthe past 10 years, plans for the future.

Richardson, D. (1997) Internet et le dveloppement rural : les possibilits dans ledomaine de la foresterie. Echos du Cota, no 76, 1997-3, p.11-17.

Sangar, S. M. (2000) Mise en place dun fichier sur la petite irrigation : rapport decollecte de donnes au Mali en vue de la mise en place dun fichier lEIER surla petite irrigation en Afrique de lOuest. ARID/EIER/IPTRID (FAO).

Starkey, P. (1996) networking for sustainable agriculture: lessons from animal

traction development. IIEDs Gatekeeper Series, no. SA 58, pp. 18.Van Hartevelt, H. (2000) Contract management: a new government policy for output

financing of products and services. IAALD Quarterly Bulletin, XLV, 3/4, 2000, p.87-89.

Van t Hof, S. (2001) Turning ARID-L into a best practice network on small-scaleirrigation: creating a sense of purpose (unpublished, 4 p., e-mail versionavailable at HIPPOMP@net.hcc.nl).

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http://www.hrwallingford.co.uk/projects/IPTRID/grid/pdf-files/G13full.pdfhttp://www.hrwallingford.co.uk/projects/IPTRID/grid/pdf-files/G13full.pdfhttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/newsletter1.htmhttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/newsletter2.htmhttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/stein_abstract.htmmailto:HIPPOMP@net.hcc.nlmailto:HIPPOMP@net.hcc.nlhttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/stein_abstract.htmhttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/newsletter2.htmhttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/ressources/newsletter1.htmhttp://www.hrwallingford.co.uk/projects/IPTRID/grid/pdf-files/G13full.pdf

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Annex 1: Memorandum of Understanding

PROTOCOLE D'ACCORD relatif l'tablissement et au fonctionnement d1un rseauinformatique sur la petite irrigation auprs de L' Association Rgionale pour l'Irrigation et le

Drainage en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, ARID

L'Association Rgionale pour l'Irrigation et le Drainage en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, ci-aprs dsigne l'ARID, pour laquelle l'Ecole Inter-Etats d'Ingnieurs de l'Equipement Rural(BIER), Burkina Faso, assure le secrtariat;

L'Institut Royal des Tropiques des Pays-Bas, ci-aprs dsign le KIT;

L'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, (ci-aprs dsigne laFAO); et

Le Programme International pour la Recherche et la Technologie en Irrigation et Drainage(ci-aprs dsign l'IPTRID);

parties ce protocole d'accord, ont convenu ce qui suit:

Article premier

1. Les parties ce protocole d'accord conviennent de crer et d'appuyer le fonctionnementd'un rseau informatique sur la petite irrigation, appel ARI[)-L, dans le cadre des conditionsgnrales dfinies ci-aprs.

2. L'objectif gnral du rseau est d'amliorer les changes et l'accs l'information et auxrsultats de la recherche en vue de promouvoir des technologies de petite irrigation dans leszones rurales, urbaines et pri-urbaines en Afrique et crer des capacits localesd'appropriation et de communication.

3. Les activits prvues et leurs produits sont:(a) un forum lectronique avec archivage des documents;(b) la production d'une lettre du rseau trimestrielle;(c) un service de questions-rponses li celui de l'IPTRID;(d) un site Web li ceux de l'IPTRID et de l'ARID avec une liste de membres et un

inventaire des projets; et

(e) un service bibliographique li celui de l'IPTRID.

Article 2

Les parties tabliront un comit de pilotage de l'ARID-L, comprenant le prsident, lesecrtaire gnral et le secrtaire des publications de l'ARID, un reprsentant du secrtariatde l'ARID (l'EIER), le responsable du Programme IPTRID, le responsable thmatique pourl'Afrique de l'IPTRID, un fonctionnaire du Bureau rgional de la FAO pour l'Afrique et unreprsentant du KIT.

Article 3

La FAO accepte d'accueillir dans le serveur de la Division de la mise en valeur des terres etdes eaux, AGL, la liste de discussion ainsi que l'archivage lectronique des dbats du

17

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Supporting irrigation networking in West and Central Africa

rseau de manire assurer la continuit ncessaire, avant le transfert de la totalit de cesdonnes un serveur Ouagadougou le 31 dcembre 2001.

Article 4

1. L'ARID accepte, pendant la priode d'excution de cette lettre d'entente, jusquau 1erjuillet 2001, de contribuer la cration et au fonctionnement de l'ARID-L travers latraduction ventuelle vers l'anglais ou le franais des documents et le classement dedocuments sur papier son sige Ouagadougou.

2. L'ARID mobilisera le personnel et les ressources ncessaires la gestion intgrale deARID-L partir du 1er janvier 2002.

Article 5

1. Le KIT accepte de raliser an nom de l'ARID et en collaboration troite avec celle-ci les

programmes informatiques ncessaires l'tablissement de l'ARID-L et de lancer une lettred'information semestrielle du rseau. Le KIT fournira l'assistance technique requisereprsentant un maximum de 50 (cinquante) jours de travail pendant a priode d'excutionde cette lettre d'entente.

2. Le KIT transfrera toutes ses responsabilits relatives l'ARID-L l'ARID au 31dcembre 2001.

Article 6

L'EIER appuiera l'tablissement de l'ARID-L travers l'utilisation de ses liens lectroniques

et son site Web. En sa qualit de secrtariat de l'ARID, lEIER contribuera la cration et aufonctionnement de l'ARID-L travers la traduction ventuelle et l'archivage des documentssur papier Ouagadougou.

Article 7

Les parties prennent note que lIPTRID, dans le cadre dun lettre daccord entre la FAO etlARID, a effectu une contribution en faveur de lARID destine lachat dun micro-ordinateur et de logiciels, ladaptation du logiciel existant de lEIER, la constitution dun fichierdes institutions et personnes intresses par lirrigation et le drainage en Afrique de lOuest,la constitution du fichier pour quatre pays et un appui la publication de deux numros de la

revue, Suc, Science et Technologies sur le projet.

Article 8

Les parties prendront toutes les mesures appropries pour rsoudre dventuelles difficultsqui pourraient survenir l'occasion de lexcution de ce protocole daccord.

Article 9

Ce protocole daccord entrera en vigueur la date de signature des diffrentes parties laplus rcente jusquau 31 dcembre 2001.

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Annex 2: List of subscribers to ARID-L

These are the Internet (ISO 3166) codes of the ARID countries and their frequency in the list ofsubscribers: Benin bj (1), Burkina Faso bf (1), Cameroon cm (1), Cape Verde cv, Central African

Republic cf, Chad td (2), Congo cg, Equatorial Guinea gq, Gabon ga, The Gambia gm, Ghana gh,Guinea gn, Guinea-Bissau gw, Ivory Coast ci, Liberia lr, Mali ml (2), Mauritania mr, Niger ne (1),Nigeria ng, Sao Tom st, Senegal sn (6), Sierra Leone sl, Togo tg. N.B.: many subscribers from ARIDcountries use internet-based e-mail addresses with .com, .org or .net and not with their country codes.Probably, there are between 30 and 40 African subscribers.

hamma.yacouba@eier.orgWolfgang.Prante@fao.org>Hippomp@net.HCC.nlInes.Beernaerts@fao.orgconst.c.mbajiorgu@talk21.comr.c.carter@cranfield.ac.uktvaishnav@yahoo.com

jgmunoz@corpoica.org.com_chebaane@yahoo.commelvynkay@rtcs.org.uk

john.r.storer@btinternet.comgadri@hotmail.com

AnnOberle@t-online.deadnan_fattah@hotmail.comvancotthem@tcdialogue.orgm.azouggagh@iav.ac.maelzeir@mum.mans.eun.egaloni@plastro.comtony@pronet.net.inaliouiam@caramail.comb.maheshwari@uws.edu.au

Tove.Lilja@fao.orgmoriarty@irc.nlathust@unccd.intTom.Brabben@fao.orgJeanMarc.Faures@fao.orgara1968@hotmail.comtremington@crsearo.orgsolartec@worldonline.nlGADELLEf@afd.frrchapinw@imcnet.net

jbaraon@ufro.clcburt@calpoly.eduphpallas@tin.itdunia.tabet@darbeirut.com

r.g.bloemers@hccnet.nllieshout@itc.nlseninge@sentoo.snClaudio.Gregorio@fao.orgfkramer@ideorg.orgericpatrick@hotmail.comhermann_pfeiffer@hotmail.comdmt@nru.com.aupraxis@telecomplus.snPPONSY.CEDRE@wanadoo.frp.fraval@sentoo.sng.pearce@hrwallingford.co.ukKaren.Frenken@fao.orgagl-htm-archives@fao.org

ARID-L-counter@PMDFEXT.fao.org

ARID-L-disclstore@PMDFEXT.fao.org

plusquel@clark.netpatriceewwbf@liptinfor.bfIminami@worldbank.orgh.j.vanhoof@larenstein.nlcoordinator@inpim.org

j.skutsch@hrwallingford.co.ukjnaugle@epix.net

belieres@cefib.comBenjamin.Kiersch@fao.orgDavid.Casanova@pobox.comDMOLES@compuserve.comUrs.Heierli@deza.admin.ch

Andries.Bosma@fao.orgE.BOELEE@CGIAR.ORGkabirou.Ndiaye@ier.mlgilari@netafim.comwri@ghana.comdwg@ihe.nlkimk@enterpriseworks.orgsunil@agriwatch.comDNELSON@gp.usbr.gov

m.f.fonteh@camnet.cmhespav.ves@bow.intnet.bjdramane.arby@caramail.comingrid.hermiteau@eier.orgmagatte.wade@sentoo.snchrisvaught@hotmail.comajaasy@yahoo.frcooperation@france-mali.org.mlsogec.inter@intnet.tdrayakasai@yahoo.comchristophe.rigourd@eier.orgouedrago@yahoo.frsisp@assp.co.zwdgrha@intnet.td

Kennedy.Mudima@fao.orgSeremie@worldbank.orgparadza@assp.co.zwmegnaglo"@yahoo.frsmitsvi@sentoo.snrcolin@attglobal.netisajalo@yahoo.comisaacfemi@hotmail.comrcolin"@attglobal.netJstoutjesdijk@worldbank.orgmagatte@sonatel.snCouture.Jean-Louis@wanadoo.frfrancois.blanchet@eier.orgarby.dramane20@caramail.comimbas.ca@rcl.nig.com

SBIA@menara.co.madiargaou@yahoo.fr

19

mailto:hamma.yacouba@eier.orgmailto:Wolfgang.Prante@fao.orgmailto:Hippomp@net.HCC.nlmailto:Ines.Beernaerts@fao.orgmailto:const.c.mbajiorgu@talk21.commailto:r.c.carter@cranfield.ac.ukmailto:tvaishnav@yahoo.commailto:jgmunoz@corpoica.org.comailto:m_chebaane@yahoo.commailto:melvynkay@rtcs.org.ukmailto:john.r.storer@btinternet.commailto:gadri@hotmail.commailto:AnnOberle@t-online.demailto:adnan_fattah@hotmail.commailto:vancotthem@tcdialogue.orgmailto:m.azouggagh@iav.ac.mamailto:elzeir@mum.mans.eun.egmailto:aloni@plastro.commailto:tony@pronet.net.inmailto:aliouiam@caramail.commailto:b.maheshwari@uws.edu.aumailto:Tove.Lilja@fao.orgmailto:moriarty@irc.nlmailto:athust@unccd.intmailto:Tom.Brabben@fao.orgmailto:JeanMarc.Faures@fao.orgmailto:ara1968@hotmail.commailto:tremington@crsearo.orgmailto:solartec@worldonline.nlmailto:GADELLEf@afd.frmailto:rchapinw@imcnet.netmailto:jbaraon@ufro.clmailto:cburt@calpoly.edumailto:phpallas@tin.itmailto:dunia.tabet@darbeirut.commailto:r.g.bloemers@hccnet.nlmailto:lieshout@itc.nlmailto:seninge@sentoo.snmailto:Claudio.Gregorio@fao.orgmailto:fkramer@ideorg.orgmailto:ericpatrick@hotmail.commailto:hermann_pfeiffer@hotmail.commailto:dmt@nru.com.aumailto:praxis@telecomplus.snmailto:PPONSY.CEDRE@wanadoo.frmailto:p.fraval@sentoo.snmailto:g.pearce@hrwallingford.co.ukmailto:Karen.Frenken@fao.orgmailto:agl-htm-archives@fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-counter@PMDFEXT.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-disclstore@PMDFEXT.fao.orgmailto:plusquel@clark.netmailto:patriceewwbf@liptinfor.bfmailto:Iminami@worldbank.orgmailto:h.j.vanhoof@larenstein.nlmailto:coordinator@inpim.orgmailto:j.skutsch@hrwallingford.co.ukmailto:jnaugle@epix.netmailto:belieres@cefib.commailto:Benjamin.Kiersch@fao.orgmailto:David.Casanova@pobox.commailto:DMOLES@compuserve.commailto:Urs.Heierli@deza.admin.chmailto:Andries.Bosma@fao.orgmailto:E.BOELEE@CGIAR.ORGmailto:kabirou.Ndiaye@ier.mlmailto:gilari@netafim.commailto:wri@ghana.commailto:dwg@ihe.nlmailto:kimk@enterpriseworks.orgmailto:sunil@agriwatch.commailto:DNELSON@gp.usbr.govmailto:m.f.fonteh@camnet.cmmailto:hespav.ves@bow.intnet.bjmailto:dramane.arby@caramail.commailto:ingrid.hermiteau@eier.orgmailto:magatte.wade@sentoo.snmailto:chrisvaught@hotmail.commailto:ajaasy@yahoo.frmailto:cooperation@france-mali.org.mlmailto:sogec.inter@intnet.tdmailto:rayakasai@yahoo.commailto:christophe.rigourd@eier.orgmailto:ouedrago@yahoo.frmailto:sisp@assp.co.zwmailto:dgrha@intnet.tdmailto:Kennedy.Mudima@fao.orgmailto:Seremie@worldbank.orgmailto:paradza@assp.co.zwmailto:megnaglomailto:smitsvi@sentoo.snmailto:rcolin@attglobal.netmailto:isajalo@yahoo.commailto:isaacfemi@hotmail.commailto:rcolinmailto:Jstoutjesdijk@worldbank.orgmailto:magatte@sonatel.snmailto:Couture.Jean-Louis@wanadoo.frmailto:francois.blanchet@eier.orgmailto:arby.dramane20@caramail.commailto:imbas.ca@rcl.nig.commailto:SBIA@menara.co.mamailto:diargaou@yahoo.frmailto:diargaou@yahoo.frmailto:SBIA@menara.co.mamailto:imbas.ca@rcl.nig.commailto:arby.dramane20@caramail.commailto:francois.blanchet@eier.orgmailto:Couture.Jean-Louis@wanadoo.frmailto:magatte@sonatel.snmailto:Jstoutjesdijk@worldbank.orgmailto:rcolinmailto:isaacfemi@hotmail.commailto:isajalo@yahoo.commailto:rcolin@attglobal.netmailto:smitsvi@sentoo.snmailto:megnaglomailto:paradza@assp.co.zwmailto:Seremie@worldbank.orgmailto:Kennedy.Mudima@fao.orgmailto:dgrha@intnet.tdmailto:sisp@assp.co.zwmailto:ouedrago@yahoo.frmailto:christophe.rigourd@eier.orgmailto:rayakasai@yahoo.commailto:sogec.inter@intnet.tdmailto:cooperation@france-mali.org.mlmailto:ajaasy@yahoo.frmailto:chrisvaught@hotmail.commailto:magatte.wade@sentoo.snmailto:ingrid.hermiteau@eier.orgmailto:dramane.arby@caramail.commailto:hespav.ves@bow.intnet.bjmailto:m.f.fonteh@camnet.cmmailto:DNELSON@gp.usbr.govmailto:sunil@agriwatch.commailto:kimk@enterpriseworks.orgmailto:dwg@ihe.nlmailto:wri@ghana.commailto:gilari@netafim.commailto:kabirou.Ndiaye@ier.mlmailto:E.BOELEE@CGIAR.ORGmailto:Andries.Bosma@fao.orgmailto:Urs.Heierli@deza.admin.chmailto:DMOLES@compuserve.commailto:David.Casanova@pobox.commailto:Benjamin.Kiersch@fao.orgmailto:belieres@cefib.commailto:jnaugle@epix.netmailto:j.skutsch@hrwallingford.co.ukmailto:coordinator@inpim.orgmailto:h.j.vanhoof@larenstein.nlmailto:Iminami@worldbank.orgmailto:patriceewwbf@liptinfor.bfmailto:plusquel@clark.netmailto:ARID-L-disclstore@PMDFEXT.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-counter@PMDFEXT.fao.orgmailto:agl-htm-archives@fao.orgmailto:Karen.Frenken@fao.orgmailto:g.pearce@hrwallingford.co.ukmailto:p.fraval@sentoo.snmailto:PPONSY.CEDRE@wanadoo.frmailto:praxis@telecomplus.snmailto:dmt@nru.com.aumailto:hermann_pfeiffer@hotmail.commailto:ericpatrick@hotmail.commailto:fkramer@ideorg.orgmailto:Claudio.Gregorio@fao.orgmailto:seninge@sentoo.snmailto:lieshout@itc.nlmailto:r.g.bloemers@hccnet.nlmailto:dunia.tabet@darbeirut.commailto:phpallas@tin.itmailto:cburt@calpoly.edumailto:jbaraon@ufro.clmailto:rchapinw@imcnet.netmailto:GADELLEf@afd.frmailto:solartec@worldonline.nlmailto:tremington@crsearo.orgmailto:ara1968@hotmail.commailto:JeanMarc.Faures@fao.orgmailto:Tom.Brabben@fao.orgmailto:athust@unccd.intmailto:moriarty@irc.nlmailto:Tove.Lilja@fao.orgmailto:b.maheshwari@uws.edu.aumailto:aliouiam@caramail.commailto:tony@pronet.net.inmailto:aloni@plastro.commailto:elzeir@mum.mans.eun.egmailto:m.azouggagh@iav.ac.mamailto:vancotthem@tcdialogue.orgmailto:adnan_fattah@hotmail.commailto:AnnOberle@t-online.demailto:gadri@hotmail.commailto:john.r.storer@btinternet.commailto:melvynkay@rtcs.org.ukmailto:m_chebaane@yahoo.commailto:jgmunoz@corpoica.org.comailto:tvaishnav@yahoo.commailto:r.c.carter@cranfield.ac.ukmailto:const.c.mbajiorgu@talk21.commailto:Ines.Beernaerts@fao.orgmailto:Hippomp@net.HCC.nlmailto:Wolfgang.Prante@fao.orgmailto:hamma.yacouba@eier.org

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Annex 3: Welcome message to new subscribers

Bienvenue sur la liste de diffusion ARID-L !

Conservez ce message pour rfrence ultrieure. Vous y trouverez des

informations gnrales sur la liste laquelle vous vous tes abonn.

Merci.

NOTE IN ENGLISH: This is a bilingual welcome text. The English version

starts halfway this document.

Au risque de le redire, ARID-L est le rseau de l'ARID sur la petite

irrigation.

1. Introduction

2. Inscription / retrait de la liste de diffusion

3. Autres commandes automatiques disponibles par le serveur de la FAO

4. Contributions

5. Archives de la lettre d'information

6. Accs l'information de sites Internet par mail

Dernire mise jour fvrier 2001

1. Introduction

ARID-L, rseau et liste de discussion sur la petite irrigation, est un

produit de l'Association Rgionale pour l'Irrigation et le Drainage en

Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, ARID, une association but non lucratifcre en 1996. La FAO (http://www.fao.org), l'IPTRID

(http://www.fao.org/iptrid) et le KIT (Royal Tropical Institute

nerlandais, http://www.kit.nl) ont dcid d'apporter leur soutien au

lancement de ce rseau.

L'objectif principal de l'ARID-L est d'changer information et expriences

sur le dveloppement et les technologies de petite irrigation en Afrique de

l'Ouest et du Centre. Pour en savoir plus, visitez le site

http://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/. Les changes se font principalement par

mail. Les possibilits d'Internet sont dveloppes : site Internet,

archives disponibles sur Internet. Compte tenu de la diversit des

personnes concernes (services de vulgarisation, gestionnaires de

primtres, ONG, entreprises prives, fonctionnaires gouvernementaux,donneurs), les expriences concernent des sujets proposs par le

modrateur, moins que vos contributions indiquent un intrt pour un

sujet particulier.

L'activit principale d'ARID-L est une liste de discussion non commerciale,

avec un modrateur (qui vite surtout la diffusion des messages

commerciaux) et un archivage des contributions (disponibles sur le site

Internet, ou par mail sur demande). A titre indicatif, les sujets proposs

traitent des primtres irrigus par des aquifres peu profonds, des

pompes, de l'irrigation pri-urbaine ou de bas-fonds. La liste de

discussion peut galement tre utilise pour obtenir des rponses

spcifiques de la part de pairs.

Une lettre d'information trimestrielle (distribue par mail et disponible

sur le site Internet) informe sur l'actualit, les vnements et formations

futurs, les nouvelles publications et les postes pourvoir et fournit des

20

http://www.fao.org/http://www.fao.org/iptridhttp://www.kit.nl/http://www.hipponet.org/aridlhttp://www.hipponet.org/aridlhttp://www.kit.nl/http://www.fao.org/iptridhttp://www.fao.org/

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Supporting irrigation networking in West and Central Africa

mises jour sur les projets. Chaque fois que possible, les adresses mail

et Internet de la source d'information sont mentionnes.

Nous esprons que vous trouverez ce moyen de communication intressant et

efficace, et attendons vos contributions et commentaires avec intrt.

NB 1 : Les inscriptions ne sont pas limites aux ressortissants del'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre.

NB 2 : Les adhrents la liste sont censs respecter l'thique d'une liste

de discussion lectronique. Nous sommes tous soumis la lgislation sur

les droits d'auteur, et les documents ne devraient pas tre utiliss but

commercial sans les accords appropris.

La lettre d'information de l'ARID-L est envoye depuis la FAO, hte de la

liste de discussion. Le format des mails permet au modrateur de trier les

messages qu'il reoit. Nous vous remercions par avance d'utiliser les

formats que vous trouverez ci-dessous. En particulier, les commandes au

serveur doivent tre en anglais pour tre reconnues. N'hsitez pas nous

envoyer vos ides, remarques, suggestions...

2. Comment s'inscrire / se retirer de la liste

Inscription l'ARID-L

Adresse : mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message ligne 1 : subscribe ARID-L

Message ligne 2 : end

Terminer l'abonnement l'ARID-L

Adresse : mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message ligne 1 : unsubscribe ARID-L

Message ligne 2 : end

Pour toute difficult vous retirer de la liste ou pour toute question sur

la liste elle-mme, crivez ARID-L-Moderator@mailserv.fao.org .

3. Autres commandes automatiques disponibles par le serveur FAO

Pour recevoir des dtails sur les commandes du serveur, envoyez le mail

suivant :

Adresse : mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message ligne 1 : info

Message ligne 2 : end

Vous pouvez aussi utiliser 'help' au lieu de 'info'.

Pour obtenir l'historique des changes prcdents, envoyez ce message :

Adresse : mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message ligne 1 : dir listlog/arid-l.*

Message ligne 2 : end

Si vous cherchez cet historique pour un mois en particulier, envoyez :

Adresse : mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

21

mailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-Moderator@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-Moderator@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

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Supporting irrigation networking in West and Central Africa

Message ligne 1 : get listlog/arid-l.mmmyyyy

Message ligne 2 : end

Attention ! Le message de la premire ligne est sensible aux majuscules /

minuscules (mmm = Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr... car les commandes du serveur sont

en anglais, et yyyy = 2001...).

4. Contribution et retour d'information (commentaires, suggestions...)

Nous vous invitons envoyer vos contributions (non commerciales), en

franais ou en anglais (ou les deux), condition qu'elles traitent du

dveloppement et des technologies de la petite irrigation dans les pays en

dveloppement, en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre en particulier. Vous

pouvez galement utiliser l'adresse mail ci-dessous pour nous envoyer vos

commentaires sur la lettre d'information d'ARID-L.

Envoyez votre contribution comme suit :

Adresse : ARID-L@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (sujet principal de votre message)

Message : (votre message)

Si une rubrique de la lettre d'information vous a intress et que vous

cherchez des complments d'information, nous vous prions d'utiliser

directement l'adresse mail de la source d'information qui est fournie, SANS

PASSER PAR LE MODERATEUR.

Les contributions mail la liste de discussion d'ARID-L sont archives et

disponibles sur Internet la FAO, Italie jusqu'au 31 dcembre 2001. Elles

seront ensuite transfres l'EIER, Secrtariat de l'ARID.

5. Archives de la lettre d'information

Les numros passs de la lettre d'information d'ARID-L peuvent tretlchargs depuis http://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/newsletters . Ils peuvent

galement tre obtenus en envoyant le mail suivant :

Adresse : ARID-L@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message ligne 1 : receive ARID-L [numro] (ex: 20010, 20011, 20012 etc.)

Message ligne 2 : end

Pour obtenir la liste des numros passs, envoyez le message suivant :

Adresse : ARID-L@mailserv.fao.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message ligne 1 : index ARID-L

Message ligne 2 : end

6. Accs l'information de sites Internet par mail

Les participants la liste de discussion qui n'ont pas accs Internet

peuvent utiliser les serveurs mentionns ci-dessous pour lire les pages

Internet (sous format txt) mentionnes dans la lettre d'information.

Adresse : getweb@unganisha.idrc.ca

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : GET [URL] (ex: GEThttp://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l/)

Adresse : webmail@www.ucc.ie

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : send [URL]

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mailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orghttp://www.hipponet.nl/aridlmailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:getweb@unganisha.idrc.cahttp://www.hipponet.nl/aridlmailto:webmail@www.ucc.iemailto:webmail@www.ucc.iehttp://www.hipponet.nl/aridlmailto:getweb@unganisha.idrc.camailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orghttp://www.hipponet.nl/aridlmailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.org

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Supporting irrigation networking in West and Central Africa

Adresse : www4mail@web.bellanet.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : GET [URL]

Adresse : wwwmail@bnl.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : GET [URL]

Pour les pays en dveloppement seulement :

Adresse : agora@www.undp.org

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : SEND [URL]

Des informations plus dtailles sont disponibles dans le document

"Accessing the Internet by E-mail: Doctor Bob's guide to off-line Internet

access" que l'on peut demander en envoyant le message suivant :

Adresse : mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/access-via-e-mail.

Pour ceux hors des Amriques, envoyez le message suivant :

Adresse : mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk

Objet : (laisser en blanc)

Message : send lis-iis e-access-inet.txt

Des informations plus dtailles sont disponibles dans le document

"Accessing the Internet by E-mail: Guide to Offline Internet Access". La

version 9.0 de fvrier 2000 est disponible en anglais :

http://www.geocities.com/CapitoHill/1236/

Welcome to the ARID-L mailing list !

Please save this message for future reference. It contains general

information on the list you've subscribed to. Thank you.

ARID-L the small-scale irrigation network of ARID

1. Background

2. How to subscribe / unsubscribe to the list3. Other automated mailserver commands

4. Contributions

5. Archives of newsletters

6. Accessing www pages listed in the ARID-L newsletter by e-mail

Last update February 2001

1. Background

ARID-L is the network and discussion list on small-scale irrigation set up

by the Regional Association for Irrigation and Drainage in West and Central

Africa, ARID (NGO created in 1996). FAO (http://www.fao.org), IPTRID

(http://www.fao.org/iptrid) and KIT (Dutch Royal Tropical Institute,

http://www.kit.nl) pledged support to help launch the network.

The main purpose of ARID-L is to exchange information and experiences on

small-scale irrigation technology and development in West and Central

23

mailto:www4mail@web.bellanet.orgmailto:webmail@www.ucc.iemailto:agora@www.undp.orgmailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edumailto:mailbase@mailbase.ac.ukhttp://www.geocities.com/CapitoHill/1236/http://www.fao.org/http://www.fao.org/iptridhttp://www.kit.nl/http://www.kit.nl/http://www.fao.org/iptridhttp://www.fao.org/http://www.geocities.com/CapitoHill/1236/mailto:mailbase@mailbase.ac.ukmailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edumailto:agora@www.undp.orgmailto:webmail@www.ucc.iemailto:www4mail@web.bellanet.org

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Supporting irrigation networking in West and Central Africa

Africa. For more information, visit http://www.hipponet.nl/arid-l. E-mail

is the main means of exchange, but Internet connections are also being

developed (website, downloadable archives). As the audience targeted is

wide (extension workers, scheme managers, NGOs, private companies,

government professional officers, donors), the experiences are exchanged on

topics proposed by the discussion list moderator, except when spontaneous

contributions point out a special topic of interest.

ARID-L's main activity is a non commercial e-mail discussion list, with a

moderator (mainly to avoid commercial messages) and archiving of mail

contributions (accessible from the website or by e-mail upon request).

Indicative subjects tackled are low-lift pump schemes; pumpsets; peri-urban

or low-land irrigation, etc. The mailing list can also be used to seek

answers to specific questions from peers.

A network newsletter produced four times a year (sent by e-mail and

available on the website) provides short news items, information on

forthcoming events and courses, project updates, new publications and

vacancies. Each item includes, where possible, an E-mail contact address

and the Internet address of the news source

We hope you find this means of communication interesting and efficient. We

look forward to your contributions and comments.

NB 1 : Subscription is not limited to ARID member countries.

NB 2 : Subscribers are expected to respect the standard ethics of

electronic discussion lists. We are all subject to copyright laws, and

documents should not be used for commercial purposes without appropriate

consent.

The ARID-L newsletter is sent from FAO, host of the discussion list. The

format of mail help the moderator to sort them out. Thank you in advance

for using the following format for your contributions, comments and

suggestions.

2. How to subscribe/unsubscribe

Subscribing to ARID-L

Address: mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Subject: (leave blank)

Message line 1: subscribe ARID-L

Message line 2: end

Unsubscribing from ARID-L

Address: mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Subject: (leave blank)

Message line 1: unsubscribe ARID-L

Message line 2: end

If you ever have trouble unsubscribing, or have questions about the list

itself, send e-mail to ARID-L-Moderator@mailserv.fao.org .

3. Other mailserver automated commands

To receive more detailed information on mailserver commands, send the

following mail

Address: mailserv@mailserv.fao.org

Subject: (leave blank)

Message line 1: info

24

http://www.hipponet.org/aridlmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-Moderator@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:ARID-L-Moderator@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgmailto:mailserv@mailserv.fao.orghttp://www.hipponet.org/aridl

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Supporting irrigation networking in West and Central Africa

Message line 2: end

You can also use 'help' command instead of 'info'.

In order to get an overview of back issues, send :

Address: mailserv@mailserv.fao.orgSubject: (leave blank)

Message line 1: dir listlog/arid-l.*

Message line 2: end

In particular, if you are looking for back issues of a particular month,

send the following message :

Address