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1 Garnsey P., Saller R. The Roman Empire : economy, society, and culture. Berkeley,

1987. P. 89. 2 Gerov B. Landownership in Roman Thracia and Moesia, 1st 3rd century. Amster-

dam, 1988. P. 112.

. . IIIII . . .

28

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. 1

, (vexillationis Chersonissitanae), ( . ), 16 . (vicus) .

, , -

4. 3 Klenina E. Some remarks about the Roman and early Byzantine pottery from Novae

(Moesia Inferior) // Limes XVIII : proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, held in Amman, Jordan (September 2000) / ed. by P. Free-man et al. Oxford, 2002. P. 696.

4 .: ., . . - // : - / . . , . . . , 2000.

C. 199200.

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29

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, 8. 5 .: Garnsey P., Saller R. T Romn Empr P. 97. 6 Ibid. P. 90; Klenina E. Supply of the legio I Italica at Novae (Moesia Inferior) and

Tauric Chersoensos // Limes XIX : proceedings of the 19th International Conr o Romn ronr n , Hungary (September 2003) / . . V . , 2005. P. 403.

7 .: Gerov B. Lnonr p n Romn Tr n Mo P. 116; Poulter A. G. Nicopolis ad Istrum : a Roman to early Byzantine city. London, 1999. P. 39; Klenina E. om rmr o Romn n r Bnn por P. 692.

8 .: Sarnowski T. o o rm M Don n pnonm r Mo-rza Czarnego. Warszawa, 1988. S. 167.

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14. 9 Gerov B. Lnonr p n Romn Tr n Mo . 112; Poulter A. G. Nopo I rm . 39.

10 . - . , 1999. . 6970.

11 Hopkins K. Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 B. C. A. D. 400) // Journal of Roman studies. 1980. Vol. 70. P. 118; Davies R. W. The Roman Military Diet // Britannia. 1971. Vol. 2. P. 123.

12 Dyczek P. New Late Roman horreum from the sector IV at Novae // Late Roman and early Byzantine cities on the lower Danube from the 4th to 6th century A. D. : International conference (Poznan, Poland, 1517 November 1995) : studies and ma-terials / . . B. Brn, . . on , 1997. P. 90.

13 Davies R. W. The Roman Military Diet. P. 123. 14 , -

10 . .: Popova T. Palaeoethnobotanical and anthracological analysis from Roman

town Nicopolis ad Istrum and Dichin hillford (Roman aqueduct), North Bulgaria // The Roman and Late Roman City : the International Conference (Veliko Turnovo, 2630 July 2000 / ed. by L. Ruseva-Slokoska et al. Sofia, 2002. P. 61.

. . IIIII . . .

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, -, , 500 2 . 15. -

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( I . . . VI . . .). , 1998. C. 89; Sarnow-ski T. o o rm M Don S. 149.

16 . . : - . , 1994. C. 78; . -

. 68. 17 Klenina E. Supp o o I I No . 404. 18 . ., . .

// . 1981. 168 : . C. 3032. 19 . . : -

. , 1990. C. 911. 20 . . // . 1998. . 9. . 84; . . IIIII . . .

. , 2004. C. 15.

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(18%), (14%), (16%), (12%); 35% (35%)26. III ., (laridum) (lard). -

21 . . - . , 1994. C. 33. 22 . . - . , 1972. C. 59,

161, 168. 23 Klenina E. Supp o o I I No . 404. 24 . . - . C. 33. 25 ,

, , , , , -. .: Klenina E. Supp o o I I No . 404.

26 Makowiecki D., Makowiecka M. Animal remains from the 1989, 1990, 1993 exca-vations of Novae (Bulgaria) // T Romn n L Romn C P. 211214.

. . IIIII . . .

33

, 27.

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, , - . (75%)

Legio I Italica . - . - , -, .

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27 Davies R. W. The Roman Military Diet. P. 123. 28 Makowiecki D., Makowiecka M. Animal remains from the 1989, 1990, 1993 exca-on o No . 215.

29 . . C. 7879. 30 ., . .

. C. 198200. 31 . . . C. 8485.

. . IIIII . . .

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, (4%), (1%)32. (posca), 1 -

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portowanych w nich produktw w IIII w. po Chr. Warszawa, 1999. S. 166167. 34 . . . . 84; . . IIIII . . . -

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) // . 1947. 2. . 242243; . . . C. 8586.

. . IIIII . . .

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, . ., 1983. C. 2327.

. . IIIII . . .

37

E. J. KLENINA

SEBASTOPOL

SUPPLY OF THE ROMAN LEGIONARIES IN THE IIIII CENTURY AD AT NOVAE (Moesia Inferior) AND CHERSONESOS IN TAURICA

Supply of the army along the frontiers of the Roman Empire is a subject of interest of many historians. Emperor and government officials formed strategy of supply of the Roman army. To maintain efficiency of the army and loyalty to authorities, the Roman emperors took a special interest in needs of the military. Therefore Roman soldiers were better supplied than civilians. However the military did not receive products of the exceptional quality. The policy of supply with necessary goods was enough flexible and took into account the size of garrison, and a place of its location. More often, legionaries received foodstuffs from the sources typical of certain area. The main foodstuff of the Roman soldiers were always grain, posca, olive oil or its substitute, and, of course, meat. Products arrived by the way of taxes, and requisitions during military actions or were brought from inhabitants at fixed prices during peacetime. Important source of supply of legionaries was pro-duction on military areas (territorium or prata). Products transported in am-phorae make up: wine 49% in Chersonesos and 55% in Novae, olive oil 27% 23%, fish 24% 20%. Supply sources of the main categories of products

were of local or regional origin.