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LIMBA ENGLEZATraim intr-un secol al comunicarii. Indiferent de locul in care ne aflam, suntem permanent conectati cu lumea. La scoala, la serviciu sau in calatorii avem nevoie de cunoasterea limbii engleze pentru a putea comunica oriunde, cu oricine, in cele mai diverse scopuri. Tocmai de aceea, cursul de comunicare in limba engleza este propus pentru toti aceia care vor sa se bucure de cunoasterea celei mai utilizare limbi din lume si sa o foloseasca in mod curent.Structura cursului permite asimilarea rapida a cuvintelor noi si a elementelor gramaticale, astfel incat participantii la ore, intr-o perioada de timp relativ scurta, sa poata sustine o conversatie uzuala pe teme de interes general.Modul 1Formule de salut-GreetingsHello; Good morning; Good afternoon; Good evening; Good night; Good bye;Introduction:Hello! How are you?My name is..../Whats your name?/How old are you?/Where are you from?Numeralul cardinal :
zero = zero = 0one = unu = 1two = doi = 2three = trei = 3four = patru = 4five = cinci = 5six = sase = 6seven = sapte = 7eight = opt = 8nine = noua = 9ten = zece = 10
Atentie la o deosebire de limba romana. In limba engleza se foloseste virgula in locul punctului din romana.
hundred = suta = 100thousand = mie = 1,000million = milion = 1,000,000
Astfel ceea ce scriem in romana 1,7 - in engleza vom scrie 1.7 = one point seven.
Numeralul ordinal :
first = prim; second = al doilea third = al treilea; a treia
De la patru in sus , numealul ordinal se formeaza din numeralul cardinal + th (dar atentie ca -y se inlocuieste ci - ieth ).
fourth = al patrulea fifth = al cincilea sixth = al saselea seventh = al saptelea eighth = al optulea ninth = al noualea tenth = al zecelea eleventh = al unsprezecelea twelfth = al doisprezecelea thirteenth = al treisprezeceleatwentieth = al douazecilea thirtieth = al treizecileafiftieth = al cincecilea
Datele se exprima in limba engleza cu numeralul ordinal :The first of May sau May the first
Numeralul multiplicativ :
once = o data;twice = de doua ori;
De la trei in sus , numeralele multiplicative se formeaza din cel cardinal + times
three times = de trei orifour times = de patru ori
Numeralele fractionale :
one whole = un intreg (o unitate)one half = o jumatate = 1/2one third = o treime = 1/3one quarter = un sfert, o patrime = 1/4one tenth = o zecime = 1/10
The Family -Familia
grandmotherbunicagrandfatherbunic
uncleunchimothermama
fathertataauntmatusa
cousinvarsister-in-lawcumnata
brotherfratesistersora
brother-in-lawcumnathusbandsot
nephewnepot (de unchi)niecenepoata (de unchi )
daughterfiica sonfiu
People and relationships
womanfemeie manbarbat
husbandsotwifesotie
babybebelusparentsparinti
childrencopiiboybaiat
girlfatagrandparentsbunici
granddaughternepoatagrandsonnepot
JOBS-Locuri de Muncaaccountant
actor
air steward
architect
personal assistant
shop assistant
author
baker
barman / barmaid / bar person
builder
businessman / businesswoman / executive
butcher
caretaker
chef
civil servant
clerk
computer operator / programmer
cook
dentist
designer
company director
film director
doctor
driver bus / taxi / train driver
garbageman (refuse collector)
economist
editor
electrician
engineer
farmer
fisherman
flight attendant
hairdresser
head teacher
jeweler
journalist
judge
lawyer
manager
miner
musician
news reader / news presenter
nurse
optician
painter
photographer
pilot
plumber
police officer
politician
printer
prison officer / warder
receptionist
sailor
salesman / saleswoman /salesperson
scientist
secretary
soldier
surgeon
tailor
teacher
travel agent
TV cameraman
TV presenter
vet
waiter
writer
Travel Airairport
check-in
fly
land
landing
plane
take off
Travel - General Related Wordsdestination
journey
passenger
route
travel
travel agent
trip
Travel - Holidayscamp
go camping
charger flight
cruise
excursion
(youth) hostel
hotel
luggage
motel
package holiday
self-catering holiday
sightseeing
go sightseeing
suitcase
tour
tourism
tourist
vacation
Travel - Landbicycle
bike
bus
bus station
car
coach
coach station
lane
motorbike
motorway
rail
go by rail
railway
railway station
road
main road
minor road
taxi
traffic
train
tube
underground
subway
Travel - Seaboat
crossing
ferry
port
sail
sea
set sail
ship
voyage
Travel - Verbsboard (boat / plane)
go by
go on board
get on board
hitch-hike
set off
GRAMATICA-GRAMMARConjugarea verbului To Be (a fi) la afirmativSINGULARI am- eu suntYou are- tu estiHe is- el esteShe is- ea esteIt is- el/ea estePLURALWe are- noi suntemYou are- voi suntetiThey are- ei sunt/ele sunt FORMELE DE AFIRMATIV, INTEROGATIV SI NEGATIVForma de interogativ:Se obtine fcnd inversiunea ntre subiect/pronume personal si verbul Be, la singular sau plural.Exemple:You are - Are you?He is- Is he?Mary is - Is Mary/is she?It is - Is it ?They are - Are they?Substantivul
Substantivul, in limba engleza, are patru genuri:
- genul masculin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen masculin (boy, man, son , brother, king)- genul feminin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen feminin (woman, mother, girl, wife, sister)- gen neutru = substantivele care denumesc obiecte si animale (dog, , purse, window, cat)- genul comun = substantivele care au aceeasi forma atat la masculin cat si la feminin (teacher, doctor, friend, author)
Deosebirea dintre substantivele feminine si masculine se face astfel:
- se folosesc forme diferite pentru feminin si masculin :
FemininMasculinaunt = matusauncle = unchidaughter = fiicason = fiugirl = fataboy = baiathen = gainacock = cocosnice = nepoatanephew = nepotsister = sorabrother = fratemother = mamafather = tatawife = sotie husband = sotwoman = femeieman = barbat
- se adauga un sufix: prince - princessactor - actresswaiter - waitress
- pentru locuitorii unei tari, terminate in sh si ch, genul persoanei se indica folosind cuvintele: man si woman. an Englishman - an Englishwoman a Romanianmam - a Romanianwoman
Pluralul substantivelor :
1)- In general se realizeaza adaugand "-s" la substantivul la singular:cat + "s" = cats dog + "s" = dogs
2)- pentru substantivele terminate in "s", "x", "sh", "ch","zh", "z" sau "j" pluralul se
formeaza adugand "-es" sau "-s", daca substantivul se termina in "e" mut.bus + "es" = buses box + "es" = boxes dish + "es" = dishes church + "es" = churches mirage + "s" = mirages prize + "s" = prizes bridge + "s" = bridges
3)- a) - pentru substantive terminate in "y" pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand
"-s", daca "y" final este precedat de o vocala(a, e, i, o, u). boy + "s" = boys
- b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "y", unde "y" final este precedat de o consoana,
pluralul substantivelor se formeaza astfe: se transforma "y" in "i" si apoi se
adauga "-es"baby - y + "s" = babies
4)- a) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", pluralul substantivelor se formeaza
adaugand "-s", daca "o" este precedat de o vocala (a, e, i, o, u).radio + "s" = radios
- b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", unde "o" este precedat de o consoana,
pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-es". tomato + "es" = tomatoes
Atentie : - pentru substantivele legate (referitoare) de muzica - pot forma
pluralul adaugand "-s", chiar daca "o" este precedat de o consoanapiano + "s" = pianos
5)-pentru substantivele terminate in "f" sau "fe", pluralul substantivelor se face
adaugand "-s".roof + "s" = roofs giraffe + "s" = giraffes
- Exista exceptii la aceasta regula.Unele substantive terminate in "f" sau "fe" fac
pluralul schimband pe "f" in "-ves". Iara aceste exceptii :calf - calves = vitel/ viteielf- elves = spiridusi/ihalf - halves = jumatate/jumatatiknife - knives = cutit/cutiteleaf - leaves = frunza/frunzeloaf - loaves = franzela,paine/franzelelife - lives = viata/vietipenknife - penknife = briceag/bricegesheaf - sheaves = snop/snopistaff - staves = portativscarf - scarves = esarfa, fular/esarfe,fulare - dar si scarfsself - selves = ins, fiintashelf - shelves = raft/rafturithief - thieves = hot/hotiwolf - wolves = lup/lupiwife - wives = sotie/sotii
6)- urmatoarele substantive nu respecta nici o regula in formarea pluralelor :SingularPlural
algaalgae
alumnaalumnae
alumnusalumni
antenna (on a bug's head)antennae
antenna (on a television)antennas
appendixappendixes, appendices
bacteriumbacteria
bisonbison
buffalobuffalos, buffaloes, buffalo
busbuses, busses
cactuscacti, cactuses
childchildren
corpscorps
criterioncriteria
crisiscrises
datumdata
deerdeer
diedice
dwarfdwarfs, dwarves
footfeet
fishfish, fishes
goosegeese
halfhalves
hippopotamushippopotami, hippopotamuses
hoofhoofs, hooves
louselice
manmen
mediummedia
memorandummemoranda
moosemoose
mousemice
octopusoctopi, octopuses, octopodes
ox oxen
scarfscarves, scarfs
seriesseries
sheepsheep
staff (stick or line for
charting music)staves
staff (group of workers)staffs
stegosaurusstegosauri
swineswine
talismantalismans
toothteeth
wharfwharfs, wharves
womanwomen
Pronumele
Pronumele personale :
Nominativ :
I = euyou = tu, dumneata, dumneavoastrahe = el, dansul, dumnealuishe = ea, dumneaeiwe = noiyou = voithey = ei,ele, dansii, dansele, dumnealor
Acuzativ-dativ :
me = mi-, ma, pe mine, imiyou = ti, te, pe tine, iti, dumitale, dumneavoastrahim = i-, l-, pe el, ii,(lui)her = i-, -o, pe ea, iius = ne-, noua, pe noiyou = v-, voua, pe voithem = i-, le-, loe, pe ei, pe ele
Pronumele posesiv :
mine = al meu, a mea, ale mele, ai meiyours = al tau, a ta, ale tale, ai taihis = al lui, a lui, ale lui, ai luihers = a ei, ale ei, al ei, ai eiours = a noastra, al nostru, ale noastre, ai nostriyours = al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastretheirs = al lor, a lui, ai lor, ale lor
Pronumele demonstrative sunt identice ca forma cu adjectivele demonstrative(numai ca in cazul pronumelor, acestea inlocuiesc substantivele).
Verbul HAVE GOT
Singular
I have gotYou Have gotHe/she/it has got
Plural
We have gotYou have gotThey have got
Articolul
Articolul nehotarat (care se traduce in romana prin un , o ):
a = inaintea unei consoane (a car)an = inaintea unei vocale (an inkpot)
Articolul nehotarat este acelasi pentru toate genurile. Trebuie tinut cont atunci cand vorbim ca articolul nehoratat nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el. La plural nu exista articol nehotarat(atunci cand este cazulse folosestie some = niste, unele).
Exista unele exceptii :
a ewe = o oaie/mioaraa Europian = un europeana union = o uniune, un sindicata university = o universitate
Articolul hotarat:
Articolul hotarat in limba engleza este THE , atat la singular cat si la plural, la toate genurile.
Ca si la articolul nehotarat, in vorbire, articolul hotart nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el.
MODUL IIVocabular-VocabularyDAYS OF THE WEEK MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayTHE COLOURSredorangeyellowgreenblueindigovioletbrowngold and silverpurple, scarlet, and crimsongraywhiteblackTime - Timpul
secondsecundaseasonanotimp
minuteminutyearan
houroradecadedeceniu
dayzicenturysecol
weeksaptamanamillenniummileniu
monthlunaeternityeternitate
morningdimineataeveningseara
noonpranz / amiazanightnoapte
afternoondupa amiaza midnightmiez de noapte
Verbul
In limba engleza sunt doua categorii de verbe:-verbe regulate-verbe neregulate
Verbele regulate:
Cele mai multe verbe in limba engleza sunt regulate. Ele se conjuga astfel:
Indicativ prezent :
I callI do not callYou callYou do not callHe callsHe does not callShe callsShe does not call
We callWe do not callYou callYou do not callThey callThey do not ask
Forma interogativa: Forma interogativ-negativa:
Do I call ? Don't I call ? Do you call ? Don't you call ?Does he call ?Doesn't he call ?Does she call ?Doesn't she call ?
Do we call ?Don't we call ?Do you call ?Don't you call ?Do they call ?Don't they call ?
- La indicativ prezent, numai prsoana a treia (III-a) singular, verbele primesc un "-s", celelalte ramanand neschimbate. - Pentru verbele terminate in "ch", "sh", "ss", "x" - la persoana III-a singular va fi "-es".-Verbele terminate in "y" precedate de o consoana, schimba pe "y" in "i" si primesc terminatia "-es".-Verbele terminate in "o" primesc terminatia "-es"
Toate verbele din limba engleza (cu exceptia celor doua verbe auxiliare: HAVE = a avea si
BE = a fi) se conjuga la formele simple interogative si negative cu ajutorul auxiliarului DO/DOES.
Past tense :
La Imperfect si Perfect Simplu verbele neregulate primesc terminatia "-ed".
I calledYou calledHe calledshe called
We calledYou calledThey called
Forma negativa:
I did not callYou did not callHe did not callShe did not call
We did not callYou did not callThey did not call
Forma interogativa:Forma interogatv-negativa:
Did I call ?Didn't I call ?Did you call ?Didn't you call ?Did she call ?Didn't she call ?Did he call ?Didn't he call ?
Did we call ?Didn't we call ?Did you call ?Didn't you call ?Did they call ?Didn't they call ?
Future Tense:
Viitorul in limba engleza se formeaza cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare SHALL/WILL urmate de
infinitiv. - auxiliarul SHALL - pentru persoana I singular si plural- auxiliarul Will - pentru restul persoanelor
I shall callYou will callHe will callShe will call
We shall callYou will callThey will call
Forma negativa :
I shall not (shan't) callYou will not callHe will not call
We shall not callYou will not callThey will not call
Forma interogativa :
Shall I call ?Will you call ?Will he call ?Will she call ?
Shall we call ?will you call ?Will they call ?
Mai-mult-ca-perfect(past perfect):
M.m.c.p se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar HAVE la trecur (adica HAD) +participiu
trecut al verbului.
I had calledYou had calledHe had calledShe had called
We had calledYou had calledThey had called
Conditionalul prezent Se formeaza cu verbele auxiliarele SHOULD/WOULD + infinitivul verbului.
I should callYou would call
Conditionalul trecut :
Se formeaza din conditionalul prezent al verbului HAVE + participiu trecut al verbului
I should have calledyou would have calledHe would have calledShe would have called
We should have calledYou would have calledThey would have called
Participiu prezent:
Se formeaza adaugand "-ing" la infinitivul verbului.
to call = a striga, a suna -> calling = strigand
Participiu trecut :
Se formeaza adaugand "-ed" la infinitivul verbului
call -> called
Nr.TenseFormUsed to expressRomana
1.Present Tense SimpleS + V1 Do/Does + S + V1S + Do/does + not + V11.actiuni obisnuite repetabile2.adevaruri general valabile3.repros, constatari4.in loc de viitpr- pentru actiuni planificate oficialPrezent
2.Present Tense ContinuousS + To be + V-ing1.actiuni care se petrec in momentul vorbirii(now, at present, at the moment)2.actiuni temporare(today, this week, this mounth)3.repros accentuat aproape de prezent.4.actiuni oficiale planificate neoficialPrezent
3.Present Perfect SimpleS + have/has + V3Have/has + S + V31.actiune termiata in moment trecut neprecizat (lately, just, always, offe, ever, never)2.actiune terminata in perioada de timp neterminata (today, this week)3.actiune terminata care are legatura cu prezentulPerfect compus
4.Present Perfect ContinuousS + have/has + been + v-ingHave/has + been + S + V-ingactiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent sau al carui rezultat se vede acum in prezentFor + perioada de timpSince + inceputul de timpprezent
5.Past tense simpleS + V2 Did + S + V1S + did + not + V1Actiunitrecute terminate in momentul precizat(ago, last, yesterday, in 1990)perfect compus
6.Past tense continuousS + was/were + V-ingactiune trecuta in progres:while + timp continuuwhen + timp simpleimperfect
7.Past perfect simpleS + had + V3exprima o actiune trecuta terminata inaintea altei actiuni trecutem.m.c.p.
8.Past perfect continuousS + had + been + V-ingactiune trecutain progres, inceputa inaintea altei actiuni trecuteimperfect
In limba engleza este foarte important sa stim conjugarea celor doua verbe auxiliare :HAVE si BE.
TO HAVE = a avea
Indicativ prezent :
I haveyou haveHe hasShe has
We haveYou haveThey have
Imperfectul si perfect simplu:
I hadyou hadHe hadShe had
We hadYou hadThey had
M.m.c.p.
I had hadyou had hadHe had hadShe had had
We had hadYou had hadThey had had
Viitorul:
I shall haveYou will haveHe will haveShe will have
We shall haveYou will haveThey will have
Conditional prezent :
I should haveYou would haveHe would haveShe would have
We would haveYou would haveThey would have
Conditional trecut :
I should have hadYou would have hadHe would have hadShe would have had
We would have hadYou would have hadThey would have had
Participiu prezent: havingParticipiu trecut : had
TO BE = a fi
Indicativ prezent : I am You areHe isShe is
We areYou areThey are
Imperfectul:
I wasYou wereHe wasShe was
We wereYou wereThey were
M.m.c.p.:
I had beenYou had beenHe had beenShe had been
We had beenYou had beenThey had been
Viitor:I shall beYou will beHe will be She will be
They shall beYou will beYhey will be
Conditional prezent:
I should beWe would be...
Conditionalul trecut :
I should have beenHe would have been...
Participiu prezent : beingParticipiu trecut : been
Adjectivul
Adjectivele, in limba engleza , sunt invariabile ( nu se acorda cu substantivele in gen,numar si caz ).
Adjectivele stau inaintea substantivelor (I like Chinese food) sau dupa anumite verbe auxiliare (to appear, to be, to become, to feel, to get, to look, to keep,to seem, to taste, to make,to smell,to sound, to turn, to taste). Desi stau dupa verbe, ele nu descriu verbul si subiectul propozitiei (in majoritatea cazurilor - substantivesau pronume). Ex: The examination did not seem difficult. Your friend looks nice.
Unele din adjectivele care pot sta numai dupa verbele auxiliare: asleep, awake, afraid, alike, alive, alone, annoyed, difficult, ill, nice, sorry, upset, well (She is alone.).
Care este ordinea corecta pentru adjective ?
1)Ordinea generala: opinion, fact Ex : a nice French car (not a French nice car)
"Opinion" este ceea ce crezi despre subiectul propozitiei/frazei . "Fact" este ceea ce este adevarat despre subiectul propozitiei/fraziei.
2)Ordinea normala a adjectivelor este : size, age/temperature , shape, colour, material, origin: Ex : a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table
Size : small, little, thiny, bigAge/Temperature : old, new, hot, coldShape : round, squareColor : yellow, red, blueMaterial : plastic, silverOrigin : Chinese, Romanian, Franch
3) Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives:articles (a, the) possessives (my, your...) demonstratives (this, that...) quantifiers (some, any, few, many...) numbers (one, two, three) Here is an example with opinion and fact adjectives:adjectivesnoun
deter-mineropinionfact
ageshapecolour
twoniceoldroundredcandles
Cand vrem sa folosim doua adjective care se refera la o culoare folosim and. Ex: Newspapers are usually black and white.
Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor :
-gradul pozitiv : arata prezenta normala a unei calitati a obiectelor (fara comparatii)Ex : She is beautiful.-gradul comparativ : compara doua sau mai multe obiecte in masura egala : comparativul de egalitate : he is as tall as his brotherin masura inegala :- comparativul de superioritate : he is taller then she. - compartivul de inferioritate : not as tall as -gradul superlativ: este de doua feluri : relative(in comparative cu alte elemente) Ex : The biggest : Cel mai mare The smallest = Cel mai mic The most important = Cel mai important absolute (fata de el insusi)Ex : Very big = Foarte mare Very small = Foarte mic Very/Highly important = Foarte important
Adverbul
Adverbul este cel care ne spune mai mult despre verb, care intareste verbul.Majoritatea adverbelor se formeaza din adjective.Ele seformeaza astfel:- pentru majoritatea adverbelor - la adjectiv se adauga teminatia -ly :bad - badlyhard - hardly- pentru adjectivele care se termina in -le, ca sa formam adverb, se schimba terminatia -le
in -lysimple - simplyprobable - probably-pentru adjectivele care se termina in y, precedat de o consoana, ca sa formam adverb schimbam pe y in i si apoi adauga terminatia -lyeasy - easilyhappy - happily
Exceptii :well = bine; cum trebuiefast = repede; strns very = foarte; chiar; prea never = niciodata; delocalways = totdeaunaoften = adeseastill = nca; si mai; totusi
Gradele de comparatie ale adverbelor sunt aceleasi ca si la adjective si se formeaza in acelasi moduri.
Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ
badly worse the worstfar farther the farthest further the furthestlate later the latest the last = ultimullittle less the leastwell better the best
Adverbele sunt de mai multe feluri :- de loc- de mod- de timp - precizat - neprecizat : already = deja, pana acum always = intotdeauna ever = totdeauna, vreodata just = tocmai often = adesea never = niciodata sometimes = uneori, cateodata seldom = rareori still = inca, mai
O modalitate usoara de a tine minte adverbele de timp si care ne arata cat de des cineva
face ceva :
100%always
usually
frequently
often
50%sometimes
occasionally
rarely
seldom
hardly ever
0%never
Vocabulary
Women's clothing - Men's Clothing - Haine pentru femei si barbati
Women's clothing
blousebluza, camasa skirtfusta
dressrochiezipperfermoar
glassesochelarilenslentila
sunglassesochelari de soarepursegeanta
strappanglica, cureajewellery boxcutie pentru bijuterii
jewellerybijuterieringinel
earringcercelbraceletbratara
necklacecolier, sirag beadsmargele
locketmedalionveilvoal
bra(ssiere)sutienslipcombinezon
pantieschilotihose, stockingsciorapi
pijanaspijamalenightgowncamasa de noapte
high heel shoepantof cu toc inaltcoathaina, palton, jacheta
sweaterjerseu, puloverglovesmanusi
mittensmanusi cu un deget scarfesarfa, sal, basma
Men's Clothing
shirtcamasa sleevetmneca
tagetichetacollarguler
pocketbuzunarbuttonsnasturi
t-shirttricousuitcostum
tiecravataknotnod
pantspantalonishortspantaloni scurti
beltcureabucklecatarama
hatpalarieunderwearlenjerie de corp
sockssoseteshoespantofi
shoe lacessiret-urisoletalpa
bootsghetesandalssandale
slipperspapuci de casabathrobehalat de baie
vestvestawatchceas (de mna)
leather jackethaina de pielecapbasca, sapca
MODUL IV
Conjunctia
Conjunctia este partea de vorbire care leaga cuvinte sau propozitii.
Conjunctiile pot sa fie:- coordonatoare = atunci cand leaga doua propozitii de acelasi fel;- subordonatoare = atunci cand leaga o propozitie principala cu una secundara.
Conjunctiile coordonatoare
Conjunctiile coordonatoare arata ca elementele pe care ele le unesc sunt identice(similare) in importanta si structura. Intotdeauna conjunctiile coordonatoare se gasesc intre cuvintele sau propozitiile pe care le leaga. I like [tea] and [coffee]. [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
Conjunctiile coordonatoare sunt sapte (7) la numar. Ele sunt cuvinte simple, formate din doua sau trei litere.Iara un mod usor si distractiv de a tine minte conjunctiile coordonatoare :FANBOYS
ForAndNorButOrYetSo
Conjunctiile subordonatoare
Cele mai comune conjunctii subordonatoare sunt :
after although as becausebeforehowifoncesincethanthatthoughtilluntilwhenwherewhetherwhile
Conjunctiile subordonatoare leaga o propozitie secundara de una principala. Intotdeauna conjunctia subordonata se gaseste in fata propozitiei secundare.
Ram went swimming although it was raining.
Ram went swimming although it was raining.
Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.
Atentie la urmatoarele constructii :
...either ...or = ...sau ...sau
...neither ...nor = ...nici ...nici
...nor only ...but also = ...nu numai ...ci(dar)si
...both ...and = ...ata ...cat si
MODUL V
VOCABULARY
The Body -Corpul omenesc
facefatamouthgura
chinbarbieneckgat
shoulderumararmbrat
elbowcotforearmantebrat
armpitsubsuoara backspate
chestpieptwaisttalie, mijloc
abdomenabdomenbuttocksbuca, fesa
hipsoldlegpicior
thighcoapsakneegenunchi
calfgamba
The hand - Mana
wristncheietura minii knucklencheietura a degetelor
fingernailunghiethumbdeget mare (de la mna)
index fingerdegetul aratatormiddle fingerdegetul mijlociu(de la mijloc)
ring fingerdegetul inelarlittle fingerdegetul mic
palmpalma
The Head - Capul
hairparforeheadfrunte
earurechecheekobraz
nosenasnostrilnara
jawfalcabeardbarba
mustachemustatatonguelimba
toothdintelipbuza
The Eye - Ochiul
eyebrowsprnceanaeyelidpleoapa
eyelashesgeneirisiris
pupilpupila
The Foot - Piciorul
ankleglezna heelcalci
instepscobitura picioruluibig toedegetul mare
toedeget de la picior little toedegetul mic
toenailunghia de la picior
The Internal Organs - Organele interne
braincreierspinal cordsira spinarii
throatgtwindpipetrahee
esophagusesofagmusclemuschi
lungplamnheartinima
liverficat stomachstomac
intestinesintestineveinvena
arteryartera kidneyrinichi
pancreaspancreasbladdervezica
Months of the Year
January IanuarieJulyIulie
FebruaryFebruarieAugustAugust
MarchMartieSeptemberSeptembrie
AprilAprilieOctoberOctombrie
MayMaiNovemberNoiembrie
JuneIunieDecemberDecembrie
to wetwetweta uda
Seasons
springprimavarafall, autumntoamana
summervarawinteriarna
MODUL VIGrammarPrepozitia
Prepozitiile sunt cuvintele care fac legatura intre partile de vorbire.
Sunt peste 150 de prepozitii in limba engleza.Lista cu cele mai uzuale prepozitii le gasiti la Cuvinte necesare/Prepozitii.
Prepozitii de loc:
In general se tine cont de urmatoarele reguli:at = pentru un punct, un reperin = pentru o anumita zonaon = pentru o suprafata
Exemple :atinon
punct, un reperzonasuprafata
at the cornerin the gardenon the wall
at the bus stopin Londonon the ceiling
at the doorin Franceon the door
at the top of the pagein a boxon the cover
at the end of the roadin my pocketon the floor
at the entrancein my walleton the carpet
at the crossroadsin a buildingon the menu
at the entrancein a caron a page
Exista expresii standard cu prepozitiile de loc:atinon
at homein a caron a bus
at workin a taxion a train
at schoolin a helicopteron a plane
at universityin a boaton a ship
at collegein a lift (elevator)on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the topin the newspaperon a horse, on an elephant
at the bottomin the skyon the radio, on television
at the sidein a rowon the left, on the right
at receptionin Oxford Streeton the way
Prepozitiile de timp :
at = atunci cand timpul este precizatin = pentru luni, ani, secole si perioade lungion = pentru zile si date
Exemple: atinon
timp precizatluni, ani, secole si perioade lungizile si date
at 3 o'clockin Mayon Sunday
at 10.30amin summeron Tuesdays
at noonin the summeron 6 March
at dinnertimein 1990on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtimein the 1990son Christmas Day
at sunrisein the next centuryon Independence Day
at sunsetin the Ice Ageon my birthday
at the momentin the past/futureon New Year's Eve
Atunci cand folosim last, next, every, this - nu folosim si at, in, on.
Exemple:
I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
VocabularyFruits - Fructe
applemarapple corecotorul marului (miezul cu samburi)
apple slicefelie de marseedsamanta
bananabananapeelcoaja (de fruct)
orangeportocalagrapefruitgrepfrut
lemonlamielimelamie verde
plumprunaprunepruna uscata
peachpiersicaapricotscaise
avocadofruct de avocado pearpara
melonpepene watermelonpepene verde
pineappleananas coconutnuca de cocos
mangomangocherriescirease
grapesstruguriraisinsstafide
olivesmaslinestrawberrycapsuna
raspberryzmeurablackberriesmure
Vegetables - Verdeturi, zarzavat
pepperardeieggplantvanata
potatocartofchili pepperardei iute
lettucesalata verdecabbagevarza
carrotmorcovasparagussparanghel
artichokeanghinarebeetsfecla
cucumbercastravetegarlicusturoi
cornporumbbroccolibroccoli
cauliflowerconopidatomato(patlagica) rosie
onionceapamushroomsciuperci
celerytelinapumpkindovleac
zucchinidovlecelbeansfasole
peasmazareradishridiche
podpastaiespinashspanac
MODUL VIIEvaluare: Exercitii recapitulative
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