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Supervision
CHAPTER 3ESTABLISHING GOALS
Saigon Institute of Technology
Chapter outcomes Define productivity Describe how plans should link from top to
bottom of an organization Identify what is meant by the terms
benchmarking, ISO 9000 series, and six sigma Contrast policies and rules Describe Gantt chart Explain the information needed to create a PERT
chart Describe the four ingredients common to goal
setting programs Define entrepreneurship and explain how it
reflects supervision
Productivity Productivity = Output / (Labor + Capital
+ Materials) Can be applied at three different levels:
Individual Group Organization
Major goal in every organization Important to international
competitiveness
Planning Management functions
Planning Setting goals Establish overall strategy Design systems to integrate and
coordinate activities Organizing Leading Controlling
Planning Planning
Formal Informal
Downside of formal planning Not flexible, too rigid to deal with changing
environment Impossible to develop for dynamic
environment Hinder creativity and intuition Focus on attention on short term success
rather than long term sustainability
Planning
Breadth Strategic: covers entire organization Tactical: covers specific details
Time frame Short term – less than 1 year Intermediate term – 1 to 5 years Long term – over 5 years
Planning
Linking plans from different levels
Top Management
Middle Management
Supervisors
Operative Employees
Strategic
Tactical
Long-term
Short-term
Intermediate term
Planning
Standing plans Policies Procedures Rules
Planning
Single use plans Program Budgets Schedules
Gantt Chart PERT Chart
Planning Continuous improvement
Benchmarking Search for best practices among competitors and
non-competitors ISO 9000 series
Standards from International Organization for Standardization
Ensure processes are in place to ensure quality Six Sigma
Originated from Motorola Data driven / Statistically driven Aim to minimize variations and defects
Goal setting
How are goals defined in your organization?
Traditional goal setting Top down Non-operational – subject to
interpretations and bias
Goal setting (cont.) Effective Goal setting
Goal specificity Participation Time limits Performance feedback
Popular goal setting concept S.M.A.R.T. Goals
Goal setting (cont.)
Class discussion Set your goals for this class
Group or pair discussion Your goal in life
Goal setting (cont.) Debrief / Key learning points
It is hard to set specific, measurable goals It is not always necessary/appropriate to
look for specific, measurable goals Where appropriate, goal setting help
Give clarity and direction Develop commitment and motivation Make evaluation and reward fairer and more
objective