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‘SUP!
READ THE B
OARD!
PLEASE H
AVE O
BJECTI
VES #16-1
9READY FO
R A
STAMP.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
Determining the needs of wildlife
Creating strategies to meet these needs
WHY COUNT POPULATION SIZE ACCURATELY?
Census vs. Random sampling.
Tag and Recapture is a type of random sampling.
CAMERA TRAPS
wwf camera trap
more pics
HABITAT STRATEGIESHabitat management and improvement Setting aside reserves, coordinating with private landowners
STRATEGIES TO MEET WILDLIFE NEEDS
Removal of invasive species, replanting native species, using prescribed burns – hey, that’s YOU!!!
HABITAT STRATEGIESHabitat management and improvement Connecting reserves through wildlife corridors
HABITAT STRATEGIESHabitat management and improvement Creating artificial nesting sites (Red cockaded woodpecker in Eastern
Texas)
HABITAT STRATEGIES
Debt for nature swapsPioneered by World Wildlife FundUS forgives part of developing nation’s debt in exchange for commitment to set aside habitat.
CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM
Federal program
Pays land owners to put marginal lands back into native vegetation to provide wildlife habitat
31.4 million acres currently
STRATEGIES TO MEET WILDLIFE NEEDS
Removal of invasive species, replanting native species, using prescribed burns – hey, that’s YOU!!!
TRANSLOCATION/TRANSPLANT PROGRAMSIndividuals are captured in well-populated areas and moved to less-populaed areas
Increases genetic biodiversity
1996 wolves reintroduced in Yellowstone
CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS
Usually with egg-layers – birds/amphibians
Young are raised until they can survive on their own in the wild and then released
ZOOS – SPECIES PROTECTION PLAN
Genetic index of CITES species
Cross breeding of distantly-related individuals
frozen zoo
WHAT IF THERE ARE TOO MANY OF A SPECIES?
HUNTING AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
Replacing the niche of the predator – controlling herbivore populations
Fees for licenses provide millions of dollars for the states
Funds used for wildlife management and habitat improvement
In Texas, 2.7 million hunters and anglers contribute twice the money raised by cotton, our biggest agricultural product.
TROPHY HUNTING – HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE GENE POOL DIFFERENTLY THAN PREDATION?
LEGAL PROTECTION -
The Endangered Species Act is powerful legislation.
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT
1973
Creates a list of threatened and endangered species
Organisms on the list cannot be harmed and their habitat cannot be disrupted
All species on the list must have a recovery plan
Government development plans must take endangered species into consideration and may not disrupt critical habitat.
ESA administered by US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Marine National Fisheries Service
HOW MANY SPECIES ARE ON THE LIST TODAY?Check out the “boxscore” by the Fish and Wildlife Service
USFWS box score
Get ON the list? Nomination by anyone Priority Review by Fish
and Wildlife Service (they study organism to see if it is declining and what it’s threats are)
Public Comment (other people can bring forward evidence about the species)
Final listing by Fish and Wildlife Director
Get OFF the list?Wildlife managers work to increase populations through the recovery plans
Proposed delisting
Three independent specialists assess population size and threats
Species removed
Species monitored for five years
the list?
HOW DOES A SPECIES .. .
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION
CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
Species on the Red List cannot be transported across international borders to reduce poaching.
Meets every 3 yrs to create global policies affecting wildlife
First US law protecting wildlife
Cannot take parts of animals or plants across state lines
Inspired by overharvesting of birds for ladies’ hats
LACEY ACT 1900
DELISTED SPECIES – SUCCESS!
TEXAS SUCCESS STORIES!
BIG HORN SHEEP
BIG HORN REINTRODUCTION IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK
Translocation projectNow 7 herds, about the same size
population as the late 1800’s
KEMP’S RIDLEY SEA TURTLE
CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAM
BROWN PELICAN
DDT biomagnified through the population
DDT use banned in 1970’s
Taken off the Endangered Species list a few years ago!
What is wildlife management?Name three ways wildlife managers might improve habitat.Name two other strategies managers might use to increase population size
How are the ESA and CITES different?How are CITES and the Lacey act similar?
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING