sunanda prwpt 1final

8/16/2019 sunanda prwpt 1final

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Interview schedule

By

Sunandamma, M

Research Scholar

DOS in Library and Information Science

University of Mysore Mysore

Research Guide

Dr. . Sarasvathi

Senior !ssistant LibrarianDOS in Library and Information Science

University of Mysore

Mysore


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Introduction of Interview Schedule

"his method of data collection is very much li#e the collection of data

throu$h %uestionnaire, &ith little difference &hich lies in the fact that

schedules '(roforma containin$ a set of %uestions) are bein$ filled in by the

enumerators &ho are s(ecially a((ointed for the (ur(ose. "hese

enumerators alon$ &ith schedules, $o to res(ondents, (ut to them the

%uestions from the (roforma in the order the %uestions are listed and record

the re(lies in the s(ace meant for the same in the (roforma. In certain

situations, schedules may be handed over to res(ondents and enumerators

may hel( them in recordin$ their ans&ers to various %uestions in the said

schedules. *numerators e+(lain the aims and obects of the investi$ation

and also remove the difficulties &hich any res(ondent may feel inunderstandin$ the im(lications of a (articular %uestion or the definition or

conce(t of difficult terms.


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"his method re%uires the selection of enumerators for fillin$ u( schedules

or assistin$ res(ondents to fill u( schedules and as such enumerators

should be very carefully selected. "he enumerators should be trained to

(erform their ob &ell and the nature and sco(e of the investi$ation should

be e+(lained to them thorou$hly so that they may &ell understand the

im(lications of different %uestions (ut in the schedule. *numerators should

be intelli$ent and must (ossess the ca(acity of crosse+amination in order to

find out the truth. !bove all, they should be honest, sincere, hard&or#in$

and should have (atience and (erseverance.


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Definition of Interview Schedule

! intervie& schedule is a intervie& &ith

(re-coded %uestion to (roduce %uic#, chea(

and easy %uantitative data &hich is hi$h in

reliability but lo& in validity. "hese methods

are favoured by ositivists but shunned by

Interactionists.


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onstruction of intervie& schedule

Since intervie& schedule is similar to

mailed %uestionnaire in all res(ects ste( to be

follo&ed for construction of the schedule, its

structure and content are same to that of the

%uestionnaire. /o&ever, some of the im(ortant

ste(s involved in construction of intervie&

schedule are as follo&s0


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1.Determination of ty(e of data needed

Intervie& schedule is an instrument for $atherin$ data fora s(ecific study, its construction should flo& lo$ically from thedata re%uired for the $iven study. "he data re%uired for aresearch study can be determined by dee( analysis of the

research obectives the investi$ative %uestions to each of theresearch obective, hy(othesis and the o(erational definitionsof the conce(ts used in them. the researcher should decide&hat data are re%uired to ans&er the research %uestions and totest the hy(othesis. &hat %uestions should be (ut to the

res(ondents to elicit these data. the outcome of this e+ercise inanalytical reasonin$ de(ends u(on researcher2s (erce(tion ofthe research (roblem and his insi$ht into it.


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3. Determination of the res(ondents level0

understand and determine the res(ondentstheir s(eciali4ed #no&led$e relatin$ to the

(roblem under study5 their level of #no&led$e

and understandin$ and so on. the choice of&ords and conce(ts de(ends u(on the level of

the res(ondents 6#no&led$e2.


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3. Instrument drafting:!fter determinin$ the data re%uired for the study firstly, a broad

outline of the instrument may be drafted, listin$ the various broadcate$ories of data, for e+am(le, the outline of intervie& schedule for userso(inion re$ardin$ library O! may consist of such sections as0

!) !&areness about O!

B) 7no&led$e of searchin$ O!

) Usa$e of O!

D) !ssistance of library staff in usin$ O! and so on

secondly the se%uence of these $rou(in$ must be decided. they must be arran$ed in a lo$ical order- for e+am(le, in the schedule outline $ivenabove. usa$e of O! cannot (recede 6a&areness about O!2 becausethe usa$e can only be thou$ht of &hen one is a&are of O! andtechni%ues of searchin$.

thirdly, the %uestions to be as#ed under each $rou( headin$ must belisted. all conceivable items relevant to 6data need2 should be com(iled.the $oal of this listin$ is to ensure that all %uestions that are re%uired toobtain the needed data are com(iled. in com(ilin$ this draft, the content,&ordin$ and other as(ects should be considered.


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4. Evaluation of the draft instrument

In consultation &ith other %ualified (ersons, the researchermust ri$orously e+amine each %uestion in the draft instrument.this evaluation may be done in terms. of the follo&in$ criteria0

8 the relevance of each %uestion to the research obectives and

investi$ative %uestions.8 "he a((ro(riateness of the ty(e of %uestion0 o(en ended orstructured.

8 "he clarity and unambi$uity of the %uestion

8 "he (racticability of the %uestion i.e., it should not demand

#no&led$e and information that the res(ondent does not (ossess, it should not test his9her memory s(an and also shouldnot embarrass him9her.

8 "he validity of the %uestion i, e., it should not be a leadin$ orloaded %uestion


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"he lo$ical and (sycholo$ical order of the %uestions,their clarity and content and the len$th of theinstrument and other as(ects of its structure shouldalso be considered.

"he len$th in itself need not be the $uidin$ factor inthe desi$n. "he im(ortant ade%uately covers thesubect, but does not include irrelevant items.

In the li$ht of the above evaluation, the draftinstrument should be revised. the revised draft must

be (re-tested in order to identify the &ea#nesses ofthe instrument and to ma#e the re%uired furtherrevisions to rectify them.


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The interview schedule

Name Position Rationale Date

John Smith RD !anager "o understand RD strateg#and get future RDe$%enditures

&'(4

Ro# )il*inson +ead of metalurgicalresearch

"o get facts on com%etitor,s latest develo%ment.In %articular:− Potential customers− -ur %osition

&(4

/o0 Johnson 1a0 assistant

An interview schedule is helpful, to track who is going to be interviewed,

when and why.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD SCHEDULE

8 It as#s for and obtains all the information re%uired for achievin$ theresearch at obectives.

8 It contins !uestions relevnt to the stud" and does not include anyirrelevant and unim(ortant %uestions.

8 It does not aim at obtainin$ any information &hich can be more accuratelyand effectively obtained by other data-$atherin$ methods li#e observation.

8 It contains no %uestions that are unclear, ambi$uous, double, leadin$,loaded or uninformative, and lon$.

8 It contains no o#en$ended or discussion !uestions unless they areabsolutely necessary.

8 It does not contain %uestions &hich are beyond the memory s(an ofres(ondent

8 It contain %uestions that can be ans&ered as !uic%l" nd esil" s#ossi&le.

8 It voids unwrrnted #resu'#tions &out the res#ondents.

8 It does not restrict the choices of ans&ers so as to bias or distort re(lies to be $iven.

8 choices to closed %uestions are ade%uate, reasonable, unidimensional and

lo$ically consistent.


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8 *ach %uestion is li'ited to sin(le ide or sin(le reference.8 )o e'&rrssin( !uestions are $iven &ithout (rovidin$ an o((ortunity to

e+(lain.

8 a((ro(riate balance bet&een (ersonali4ation an indirect form is maintained.

8 filter %uestions are used &herever necessary.

8 to(ics and %uestions are rrn(ed in lo(icl nd #s"cholo(icl se!uencethat is natural and easy for the res(ondent.

8 transition bet&een one section and another is smooth.

8 inter-related %uestions are so (ositioned as to avoid conte+t effects.

8 %uestions see#in$ *resons for+ are based on reason analysis.

8 %uestions and alternative ans&er choices are (ro(erly coded.

8 desi$n re%uirements li#e mar$in, s(acin$ etc., are ta#en care of 8 a((ro(riate introduction and instruction are included.

8 the instrument has been ade%uately (re-tested and revised so as to be asatisfactory tool for the (articular survey.


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Interview schedules V/S Questionnaire

Schedules2 1ive( real time

2 Direct Interview

2 !ore e$%encive

2 seful for e$%erts illiterate %eo%le %arents etc.2 "o *now views

2 !ore time %er su05ect

2 6ariet# of data from a %erson

2 Informal wa#

2 Not eas# to ana#7e

2 8le$i0le

2 -ne to one interaction

2 Researcher note res%onses


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9uestionnaire2 -wn time of su05ect

2 "o collect data through uestionnaire is relativel# chea%

2 !ore o05ectives

2 usefull for su05ects teachers students etc.

2 "o collect factual data

2 !inimum time more information

2 S%ecific data from more su05ects

2 8ormal wa#

2 ;om%arativel# easier to anal#7e

2 Rigid2 -ne to man# reaction

2 Su05ect notes res%onses


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O,I)IO))AIRE

O(inionnaire is a list of %uestions or statements

(ertainin$ to an issue or (ro$rammer. It is

used to study the o(inions of (eo(le on

s(ecific issue. It is commonly used in o(inion

(olls. eo(le are as#ed to e+(ress their

res(onses to the listed %uestions or reactions

to the listed statements.


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DOCU-E)TS SCHEDULEDATA SHEET

8 Documents schedule is a list of items of information to beobtained from documents, records and other materials. theitems included in the schedule are limited to those that can beuniformly secured from a lar$e number of case histories orother records in order to secure measurable data for e $. In a

case to study the use of documents in library, the researchermay have to include0

8 Daily, &ee#ly and monthly borro&in$, class and level of users borro&ed the documents, a$e and $ender of the borro&ers,subect bac#$round of the borro&ers, number of boo#s not

returned, amount of fine collected, ty(es of borro&ers &ho hadoverdues, ty(e of documents borro&ed, subect &ise statisticsof boo#s borro&ed etc.


18/24

Schedule for institutions

"his is used for survey of or$ani4ations li#eeducational institutions, business enter(rise,social and cultural or$ani4ations, industrial

sectors and such similar or$ani4ations andinstitutions and so also libraries and informationcentre2s. It includes different cate$ories of datarelatin$ to their (rofile, functions, (erformanceetc. these data are $athered from their records,annual re(orts, financial statements and suchother sources.


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Inventories

1. !n inventory is essentially a list that the res(ondent is as#ed to mar# or chec#in a (articular &ay. Some e+am(les of inventories are0

3. List of interest0 "he res(ondents are as#ed to chec# those thin$s that interestthem a lot.

:. List of (ersonality traits0 (eo(le are as#ed to chec# &hich of these a((ly tothem.

;. List of s(are-time activities0 (eo(le are as#ed to chec# the activity en$a$edmost often.


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isadvantages

1. lac# of money

3. "he intervie&er can affect the data if he9she is not consistent.

:. It is very time consumin$.;. It is not used for a lar$e number of (eo(le.


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;onclusion

8 Intervie& schedule li#e mailed %uestionnaire is &idely used in surveys. Both

intervie& and schedule and mailed %uestionnaire are com(lete listed of %uestions

on &hich information is elicited from the res(ondents. In both cases the content,

res(onse structure, the &ordin$s of %uestions, %uestion se%uence , etc., are the same

for all res(ondents. "he basic difference bet&een these t&o tools lies in recordin$

res(onses. >hile a schedule is filled out by the intervie&er himself9 herself, a%uestionnaire is filled by the res(ondents.

8 "his method of data collection is very useful in e+tensive en%uiries and can lead to

fairly reliable results. It is, ho&ever, very e+(ensive and is usually ado(ted in

investi$ations conducted by $overnmental a$encies or by some bi$ or$anisations.

o(ulation census all over the &orld is conducted throu$h this method.


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References

2 Breakwell, Glynis M, Sean Hammond & Chris Fife-Schaw (1995! "esearch

Me#hods in $sycholo%y 'ondon! Sa%e

2 Bernard, M, Bar#lam, B, Bi%%s, S and Sim, ()**+ ew 'ifes#yles in ld

.%e! heal#h,

2 iden#i#y and well-/ein% in Berryhill "e#iremen# 0illa%e, $olicy $ress, Bris#ol

2 rochim, 2illiam, M3 4 yes of S6r7eys4, "esearch Me#hods 3nowled%e

Base, )**)

2 37ale, S#einar 8n#er7iews! .n 8n#rod6c#ion #o 6ali#a#i7e "esearch

8n#er7iewin%, Sa%e $6/lica#ions, 199:

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survtype.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_Publicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_Publicationshttp://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survtype.php


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"han# you

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