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Biology “Summer Homework” 2014 1 By Ana Zamora

Summer Work Year 10 Biology

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Biology “Summer Homework” 2014

1 By Ana Zamora

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Biology “Summer Homework” 2014

2 By Ana Zamora

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS

1.  List and describe the characteristics of living organisms.

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CLASSIFICATION AND DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

Concept and use of classificatory system

2.- Define and describe Binomial system

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

3.- How many classification systems do you know?

I’ll give you one and you should be able to name at least one more.

i.- The five Kingdoms

ii.-…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

4.- How cells and organisms are adapted to their environment. Give at least 5 examples of cells and

5 examples of organisms (animals or plants) and describe their adaptations.

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

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5.- Identify Bird X using the dichotomous key:

ORGANISATION AND MANTEINANCE OF THE ORGANISM

Cell structure and organization

6.- Examples of levels of organisation

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Example Animal Plants

Cell

Tissue

Organ

System of organs

Organism

7.- Animal cell vs Plant cell. Complete the diagrams

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Magnification

X70000

Using the formula given above,

calculate the Actual size of the

Streptococcus pyogenes  

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Movement in and out cells

8.- The diagram shows a vessel which contains

a concentrated and a dilute solution separated

by a partially permeable membrane.

Draw asimilar diagram to show the liquid levels after

an hour or two.

9.- The drawing shows the outline of a human cell.

Copy the drawing and make two further drawings to show

8

6

Dilute solution Concentrated solution

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how the cell would appear if it were to be immersed for a

few minutes in a solution with

(a) a lower osmotic potential (water potential) than its own cytoplasm

(b) a higher osmotic potential (water potential) than its own cytoplasm.

Enzymes (Using the text book)

The effect of temperature enzymes  (read page 34 and answer the questions below):

10.- What is meant by the term denaturing?

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

11.- Why can´t an enzyme function as a catalyst if it is denatured?

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

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12.- Copy figure 3.3 (from your text book):

13.- Explain why the rate of reaction increases as the temperature rises from 0 – 40oC:

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14.- Explain why the rate of reaction falls after 40oC:

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15.- Explain why there is no reaction at all at 60oC:

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16.- What is meant by the optimum temperature for an enzyme?

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The effect of pH enzymes? 

(read page 35 and answer the questions below):

17.- What is pH?

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18.- State how we would classify the solutions below in terms of their pH?

a) A solution of pH7 is: __________________________________________________

b) A solution with a pH below 7 is: _________________________________________

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c) A solution with a pH above 7 is: _________________________________________

19.- Copy figure 3.4:

i) What is the pH range for pepsin?

 _____________________________________________________________________

ii)What is the optimum pH for pepsin?

 _____________________________________________________________________

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20.- What does washing powder detergent do?

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21.- What are stains from blood and egg yolk contain?

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22.- A group of enzymes called proteases break down proteins. These are used in biological washing

powder. How do proteases help remove stains.

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23.- Biological washing powder also contains lipase. What does this enzyme do?

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

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24.- Why is the enzyme pectinase useful in producing fruit juice?

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25.- Why is lactase used to break down lactose in some milk products?

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26.- Why is it more useful to produce enzymes from micro-organisms rather than manufacture a

single kind of enzyme?

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27.- What is the container called in which microorganisms are grown?

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28.- Label the diagram of the fermenter:

Photosynthesis, Plant Transport and Plant Nutrition

29.- Definition, word equation and balanced equation:

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30.- Leaf structure. Labeled diagram.

31.- Description of symptoms of mineral deficiency in plants:

N:………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 

Mg: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 

K:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 

P:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 

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32.- Describe the intake of Carbon Dioxide and Water by the plants

Carbon Dioxide ……………………………………………………………………………………..... 

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Water ................……………………………………………………………………………………..... 

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33.- Identify Xylem and Phloem en the diagrams below:

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34.- Identify a hair root cell in the diagram below and state its function:

35.- How could you investigate the pathway taken by water through root, stem and leaf?

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36.- Define transpiration and explain the mechanism of water uptake and movent from the soli to the

leaves in a plant.

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37.- Define translocation, source and sink.

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 Animal nutrition

38.- Which of the following are not rich in carbohydrate: bread, fish, potatoes, beans, meat,

lettuce, sugar, biscuits?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 

(a) Carbohydrates contain the elements …..…. , …….. and ………

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(b) Proteins contain these elements but also ……... and ………. 

39.- Name the mineral elements needed by :

(i) bones, (ii) red blood cells, (iii) the thyroid gland

40.- Which of these elements is (i) present in milk, (b) lacking in milk?

41.- State one benefit of including vegetable fibre (roughage) in the diet..

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42.- Which vitamin helps to maintain resistance to infectious diseases? …………………………. 

43.- Name two foods which are a good source of this vitamin. ………………....………………….. 

44.- Which vitamin is necessary for the proper development of the skeleton?...............................

45.- Name two foods which are a good source of this vitamin.……………...……………………... 

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46.- A balanced diet must contain enough energy to meet the body's needs. What else must it

contain?

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47.- Could you survive on a diet which contained no carbohydrate?

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48.- Describe test for :

Reducing sugars, Proteins, Starch and Fats

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49.- Definition of balanced diet

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50.- Effects of malnutrition:

Starvation ………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 

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Coronary heart

Disease…………………………………………………………………………………............................ 

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Obesity.......……………………………………………………………………………………………… 

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Constipation……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

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51.- Definitions:

Ingestion.…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

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Egestion.……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 

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52.- Identify the studied regions of the alimentary canal.

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53.- Saliva is produced in the .................................by ................................. ..............................

and

contains the enzyme..........................................that hydrolyze..................................

The bolus moves from the moth to the............................through the..............................The

movement that makes possible this is called....................................

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The gastric juice is secreted to the.........................................and contains..............................and

................................. In the sctomach, the...................................are going to be hydrolyzed.

The pancreas produces........................... juice which is secrete to the............................and

contains.............................

The liver produces.........................which is stored temporarily in the .........................and secreted to

the........................

Assimilation or Absorption takes place in the........................................The food molecules will go

through the wall of the intestine into the............or lymph.

Reabsorption of most of the water takes place in the......................................

The processthat removes non digested food is called.........................................

Circulatory system

54.- (i) Name the structures

(ii) Color in blue the parts of the heart and vessels carrying deoxygenated blood and in

red thparts and vessels with oxygenated blood.

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56.- Fill the gaps and name the process described below:

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Respiration and Gas exchange

57.- Define:

Respiration

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Aerobic Respiration

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Anaerobic Respiration

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Anaerobic Respiration in muscles cells

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Anaerobic Respiration in yeasts and hair root cells

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58.- Name, in the correct order, the structures that incoming air would pass through between

the nasal cavity and the alveolus.

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59.- What is the function of the rings of cartilage in the respiratory passages?

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60.-Using the words 'cilia' and 'mucus', describe, very briefly, how the body gets rid of dust

which enters the lungs.

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61.- Which of the following is correct. When we inhale:

(a) our intercostal muscles contract and our ribs move down

(b) our diaphragm muscles contract and the ribs move up

(c) our diaphragm muscles contract and the ribs move down

(d) our intercostal muscles contract and the diaphragm muscles relax.

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Excretory System

62.- Blood in the renal vein differs from that in the renal artery by having

(a) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide and less urea

(b) more oxygen, 'more carbon dioxide and less urea

(c) less oxygen, less carbon dioxide and less urea

(d) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide and more urea,

63.- In what ways is water lost from the body?

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64.- If the concentration of solutes in the blood rises above a certain level, then

(a) more water is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules

(b) less water is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules

(c) more salt is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules

(d) less glucose is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules,

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65.- In a dialysis machine, which one of the following combination of substances is allowed to escape

from the patient's blood into the bathing solution?

(a) Salts, water and glucose.

(b) Salts, urea and glucose.

(c) Water, urea and uric acid.

(d) Water, uric acid and glucose.

66.- Complete the table:

Structure Function

Glomerulus

Reabsorption

Collecting Duct

Carries urine to the bladder

Urethra

67.- Name the labeled structures:.

The Kidney:

A.-

B.-

C.-

D.-

E.-

F.-

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68.- Questions Homeostasis

a) What is hypothermia?

b) Why are old people particularly at risk from hypothermia?

c) Why do you think children lose heat very quickly?

Male and female excretory systems 

(numbers belong to the same

structures in both diagrams)

1.-

2.-

3.-

4.-

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69.- This diagram shows how body temperature is controlled.

(Question 69)

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a)  Use this information to explain how humans control body temperature.

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Biology “Summer Homework” 2014

43 By Ana Zamora

b)  B) Explain how shivering affects body temperature.

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c)  How does the liver contribute to body heat?

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d)  Use the diagram to explain the meaning of “negative feedback”. 

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Biology “Summer Homework” 2014

44 By Ana Zamora

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70.- What is diabetes?

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Biology “Summer Homework” 2014

71.- Using a diagram, explain how level of glucose in blood is regulated.