Summary of Historical Data, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil ... · provided by EPA for the October 2006 sampling event were used in the data summary. 4. Summary of Soil Results The

EPA Region 5 Records Ctr.

311886

T E C H N I C A L M E M O R A N D U M CH2MHILL

Summary of Historical Data, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site in Evansville, Indiana

TO: Mary Tierney/EPA, Region 5

FROM: CH2M HILL

WORK ASSIGNMENT NO.: 044-RDRD-B51Z, Contract EP-S5-06-01

DATE: August 14, 2009

This memorandum summarizes lead and arsenic soil sampling results from historical sampling events at the Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination (JNSC) site in Evansville, Indiana. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5 (EPA) requested this technical memorandum to summarize date obtained from sampling events conducted between 2000 and 2008. The memorandum has five sections:

• JNSC site description and history • Description of historical sampling events • Assumptions used in data summaries • Summary of soil results • References cited in this document

1. Introduction

1.1 Site Description

The JNSC site is in Evansville, Indiana, in Vanderburgh County (Figure 1-1). In 2000, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) sampled residential soils using portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers and found elevated concentrations of lead. IDEM originally defined the site as bounded by Edgar Street on the vv est, Lloyd Expressway on the south, Heidelbach Street on the east, and Iowa Street on the north (Figure 1-2). EPA investigations concluded that the site encompasses a larger area than the IDEM site boundary. An area within the larger boundary (known as JNSC site sampling boundary) was investigated during the remedial investigation (Figure 1-1). The sampling boundary encompassed an urban residential-commercial area of about 11 square miles that lies on flat terrain.

Following the remedial investigation, EPA separated the JNSC site sampling boundary into four areas, known as Operable Unit 1 (OUl), Operable Unit 2 (OU2) Northern Area, OU2 Southern Area, and the Gap Area or to-be-determined area (Figure 1-1). OUl, at 141 acres, is slightly larger than the IDEM site and lies within the OU2 Northern area. OU2 is roughly 2/739 acres. The Gap Area is roughly 356 acres and located between OUl and OU2.

1.2 Site History

IDEM identified four facilities that may have contributed to the contamination at the site: the Blount Plow Works (operated from die 1880s to the 1940s), Advance Stove Works

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FIGURE 1-1 SITE MAP JACOBSVILLE NEIGHBORHOOD SOIL CONTAMINATION SITE EVANSVILLE, INDIANA

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FIGURE 1-2 IDEM AND OUl BOUNDARY JACOBSVILLE NEIGHBORHOOD SOIL CONTAMINATION SITE EVANSVILLE, INDIANA

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SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL DATA JACOBSVILLE NEIGHBORHOOD SOIL CONTAIMINATION SITE

(operated from the turn of the century to the 1950s), Newton-Kelsay (operated from the turn of the century to the 1950s), and Sharpes Shot Works (operated from 1878 to an unknown date) (Figure 1-2). The facilities were located within an urban residential area. Investigations performed at the site to characterize the extent of inorganic contamination in soil from the former facilities are discussed in the remedial investigation report (CH2M HILL 2006).

2. Description of Sampling Events v Seven sampling events conducted at flie JNSC site by IDEM, EPA, and CH2M HILL between 2001 and 2008 included surface soil sampling. Overall, CH2M HILL collected the greatest proportion of samples, 64 percent. EPA sampled 25 percent of the samples and IDEM sample 11 percent of the samples. CH2M HILL sampled 64 percent of the residential properties and 74 percent of the high access properties, but none of the commercial (non-high access) properties. High access properties include properties that children may visit frequently, such as schools, daycares, church playgrounds, parks, and vacant lots. EPA sampled 26 percent of the residential properties, 14 percent of the high access properties, and 40 percent of the non-high access commercial properties. IDEM sampled 10 percent of the residential properties, 12 percent of the high access properties, and 60 percent of the non-high access commercial properties.

\ . . : ' • •

Each sampling event is described briefly below.

2.1 Integrated Assessment Report for JNSC Site

IDEM collected soil samples from 181 properties during June 2001 and screened them for lead using an XRF instrument. The results were used to complete the Hazard Ranking System scoring report that the EPA uses to place uncontrolled waste sites on the National Priorities List. On the basis of the scoring, IDEM recommended that the JNSC site be included on the National Priorities List. Refer to the Screening Site Inspection for Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site for a description of field activities and results (IDEM 2002).

2.2 Site Characterization 1

In November and December 2004, the EPA performed soil sampling at the JNSC site based on a random grid sampling plan. The sampling plan was designated to determine the areal extent of contamination and spatial distribution of surficial contamination, and extended beyond the boundaries of the JNSC site as defined by IDEM. Soil samples were collected from 49 properties and analyzed for lead, arsenic, and iron using an XRF instrument. Select soil samples were sent to the laboratory for metals/inorganic analysis, and the results were used to "calibrate" the XRF results. Refer to the Technical Memorandum #1 Field Summary Report for Sampling Event Dates: November 29 - December 3, 2004 and Technical Memorandum #2 Preliminary Site Characterization Summary for Sampling Event Dates: November 29 - December 3, 2004, for a description of field activities and results (EPA 2005c/EPA 2005d).


Sampling was conducted in April 2005 to delineate the areal extent of soil contamination. The April 2005 sampling approach was developed to extend the sampling grid beyond the November and December 2004 sampling area. Soil samples were collected from


55 properties and analyzed for lead and arsenic using an XRF instrument. Select soil samples were sent to the laboratory for metals/inorganic analysis and used to "correlate" the XRF results. Refer to the Technical Memorandum #3 Field Summary Report for Sampling Event Dates: April 11-15, 2005 and Technical Memorandum #4 Preliminary Site Characterization _ Summary for Sampling Event Dates: April 11-15, 2005 for a description of field activities and results (EPA 2005e/EPA 2006).


EPA conducted a third sampling round in October 2005. The sample network was designed to obtain data from areas with high concentrations of lead, as indicated during the two previous sampling events. Soil samples were collected from 162 properties and analyzed for lead, arsenic, and other metals using XRF. Select soil samples were sent to the laboratory for metals/inorganic analysis and used to "correlate" the XRF results. Refer to the Technical Memorandum #5 Field Summary Report for Sampling Event Dates: October 17-26, 2005 and Technical Memorandum #6 Preliminary Site Characterization Summary for Sampling Event Dates: October 17-26, 2005 for a description of field activities and results (EPA 2005e/EPA 2006).


EPA conducted a fourth sampling round from October 17 to 26, 2006 that mainly focused on residential properties in OU2. Soil samples were collected from 171 properties and analyzed for lead, arsenic, and other metals using XRF. Select soil samples were sent to the laboratory for metals/inorganic analysis and used to "correlate" the XRF results. Field activities and results were not formally documented as with previous sampling events conducted by EPA.

2.6 Remedlallnvestigation

The remedial investigation was conducted to investigate and define the extent of contamination to characterize the potential risk to human health and the environment by arsenic, lead, and iron in soil and inorganics in groundwater, surface water, and sediment at the JNSC site. Soil samples were collected from 103 properties and analyzed for inorganics. Soil background samples were conducted, but the results were not used in the data summary presented in this technical memorandum because they were used to assess naturally occurring concentrations of inorganics in soil. Sediment, surface water, and groundwater samples were also collected but were not included in the data summary because the focus of this technical memorandum is on surface soil at JNSC site. Refer to the Final Remedial Investigation Report, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site for a description of field activities and results (CH2M HILL 2006). >

2.7 Remedial Design

Remedial design sampling was conducted to determine the properties and portions of the properties that need remediation to address elevated concentrations of lead and arsenic in surface soil within OUl. Soil samples were collected from 124 properties and analyzed for lead and arsenic as part of Phase I of remedial design sampling. Soil samples were analyzed using an XRF instrument and "correlated" with samples sent to the laboratory for lead and arsenic analysis. Refer to the Final Data Evaluation Report: 2008 Phase I Remedial Design Sampling Event, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site for a description of field activities and results (CH2M HILL 2008).


3. Data Assumptions The following assumptions were applied when summarizing the sampling results:

• Quality control/quality assurance field duplicate samples from the remedial investigation and remedial design sampling events were not included in the data summary. If a field duplicate sample was included from an IDEM or EPA sampling event, the primary sample was not included.

• XRF and analytical laboratory samples were not segregated in the summary.

• If multiple XRF instrument readings were recorded for one sample, the average of the XRF readings was used in the data summary.

• Screening for arsenic concentrations in soil using an XRF instrument can be inadequate when lead is present in the soil because of limitations in XRF resolution. When lead-to-arsenic concentrations in soil are 10 to 1 or more, the lead peak will overwhelm the arsenic peak, and so the XRF instrument cannot calculate concentrations of arsenic accurately. Often undetected arsenic concentrations are present at concentrations above the remediation goal of 30 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). In this case, the sample w as included in the summary as a nondetection, and the numeric detection limit was used when averaging the contaminant concentrations.

• Adjusted lead XRF instrument values identified as "ADJ_XRF_AN" in the database provided by EPA for the October 2006 sampling event were used in the data summary.

4. Summary of Soil Results The soil sample results from the sampling events are summarized below. Table 4-1 summarizes the results on a per sample basis, and Table 4-2 summarizes them per property location. Samples or properties with samples above the remediation goal of 400 mg/kg for lead and 30 mg/kg for arsenic, along with the range and average of lead and arsenic concentrations, are summarized according to the following classifications:

• Property class including residential, high-access, and commercial/indusfrial

• Property location including OUl, OU2, and the Gap Area, and properties outside OUl, OU2, and the Gap Area

/. • Type of high-access property including park, playground, and daycare

4.1 Residential Properties

Lead concentrations greater than 400 mg/kg were observed in soil in 67 percent of residential properties sampled in OUl. This is slightiy less than the 72 percent of residential properties requiring remediation in OUl based on Phase I remedial design sampling (CH2M HILL 2009). This may be due to the inclusion of Site Characterization 2 samples collected by EPA, since the object of the sampling plan was to determine the areal extent of contamination and determination of where contamination was not present. Arsenic concentrations greater than 30 mg/kg were observed in 19 percent of residential properties sampled in OUl.

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Lead concentrations greater than 400 mg/kg were observed in 31 percent of residential properties sampled in OU2. This is slightiy less than the 39 percent of residential properties estimated to require remediation in OU2, as presented in the Final Feasibility Study for Operable Unit 2, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination, Evansville, Indiana (CH2M HILL 2009). October 2006 data sampled by EPA were not included in the feasibility study estimate and may account for the difference in the percentages. Arsenic concentrations above 30 mg/kg were observed in 7 percent of residential properties sampled in OU2.

No residential properties were sampled in the Gap Area.

Samples collected from outside OUl, OU2, and the Gap Area did not exhibit lead concentrations greater than 400 mg/kg. Arsenic concentrations greater than 30 mg/kg were observed in 3 percent of the residential properties, or 3 properties, sampled outside OUl, OU2, and the Gap Area. The observed concentrations were 34.9 mg/kg, 37.1 mg/kg, and 46.5 mg/kg. The location of properties is highly varied and does not suggest a trend in areal extent.

4.2 High Access Properties

Lead concentrations greater than 400 mg/kg were observed at two playgrounds in OUl and at one in OU2. Arsenic concentrations greater than 30 mg/kg were observed at one playground in OUl. Two parks outside OUl, OU2, and the Gap Area exhibited lead concentrations in soil above 400 mg/kg. The location of properties is highly varied and does not suggest a trend in areal extent.

4.3 Commercial/Industrial Properties

Three samples collected from commercial/industrial properties in OUl exhibited concentrations of lead greater than 400 mg/kg. However, concentrations were below the EPA regional soil screening level for industrial land use.

5. References

CH2M HILL. 2006. Final Remedial Investigation Report, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site Evansville, Indiana.

CH2M HILL. 2008. Final Data Evaluation Report: 2008 Phase I Remedial Design Sampling Event, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site.

CH2M HILL. 2009. Final Feasibility Study for Operable Unit 2, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site, Evansville, Indiana.

EPA. 2005a. Technical Memorandum #1 Field Summary Report for Sampling Event Dates: November 29-December 3, 2004.

EPA. 2005b. Technical Memorandum #2 Preliminary Site Characterization Summary for Sampling Event Dates: November 29-December 3, 2004.

EPA. 2005c. Technical Memorandum #3 Field Summary Report for Sampling Event Dates: April 11-15, 2005.

EPA. 2005d. Technical Memorandum #4 Preliminary Site Characterization Summary for Sampling Event Dates: April 11-15, 2005.


EPA. 2005e. Technical Memorandum #5 Field Summary Report for Sampling Event Dates: October 17-26, 2005.

EPA. 2006. Technical Memorandum #6 Preliminary Site Characterization Summary for Sampling Event Dates: October 17-26, 2005.

IDEM. 2002. Screening Site Inspection (Combined PA/SSI) for Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil Contamination Site.

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Documents

Summary of Historical Data, Jacobsville Neighborhood Soil ... · provided by EPA for the October 2006 sampling event were used in the data summary. 4. Summary of Soil Results The