Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology 2018 (Volume 6 - Issue 1 )

Suggestopedia Based Storytelling Teaching Model for Primary Students in Salatiga

Sunardi [1] Herman J. Waluyo [2] Astini Suudi [3] Nugraheni Eko Wardani [4]

[1] Post-Graduate Student of Bahasa Indonesia Education, UNS Surakarta, Lecturer at FKIP UKSW, Salatiga, Indonesia [2] Post-Graduate Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta (UNS), Indonesia [3] Post-Graduate Program, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Indonesia [4] Post-Graduate Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta (UNS), Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Teaching and learning speaking skills should be able to engage students in a creative process. Students have to be able to speak in front of the class, create a dialogue, tell a story, and produce the language creatively. The teaching and learning of the speaking skill focusing on story telling ability can work well when supported by the appropriate choice of teaching method. This study attempts to: 1) identify the list of things needed by teachers of primary schools to teach Bahasa Indonesia in fun and creative ways, 2) design a prototype of suggestopedia based storytelling learning model to teach Bahasa Indonesia in primary schools, 3) develop the prototype into a suggestopedia based storytelling learning model to teach Bahasa Indonesia in primary schools, 4) determine the effectiveness of the application of suggestopedia based storytelling learning model to teach Bahasa Indonesia in primary schools. This research is a model development study based on the procedures by Borg and Gall. This study demonstrated that a teaching model is created through the following steps: 1) identifying and analyzing the needs of the students and teachers, 2) designing and evaluating the model, 3) developing and testing the model. The effectiveness test showed a significant increase of 3.03 or 8.11% in the experimental groups mean score, from 18.94 in the pretest to 21.97 in the posttest. Meanwhile, the control group only experienced a 2.51 or 6.36 % in the mean score, from 18.50 in the pretest to 21.05 in the posttest. Hence, it can be concluded that the students story telling skill in the experiment class using the teaching method developed in this study was higher than in the control class. The result implied that the teaching model prototype can be further developed to increase the primary students story telling skill in Salatiga.

Keywords: storytelling teaching model, Bahasa Indonesia teaching and learning, suggestopedia approach.

INTRODUCTION

Brown (2007:20) argued that one of language activities that can bring students closer to the authentic context is speaking. Storytelling, as a part of the speaking skill, is essential both in the classroom context and in the daily activities. Hence, the mastery of the skill is necessary due to its fundamental role in oral communication, including in a lecture, discussion, and seminar. Yet, the biggest challenge to apply this skill is the lack of courage to communicate clearly, spontaneously, and meaningfully.

Due to its importance, speaking skill must be taught as an integral part of language skills in primary schools. As a consequence, the mastery of the skill is compulsory for primary school students. This is closely related to the advantages of speaking skill for students, especially primary students, which include improving students communication skills, developing virtuous characters, giving a humane touch in education, and developing students language skills (BSNP, 2007).

Unfortunately, a preliminary observation in a fifth grade classroom showed that the teaching model used in Bahasa Indonesia lesson was still traditional. The teaching and learning activities was still teacher centered, and did not actively engage students. As a result, students tended to passively wait for the teachers

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Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology 2018 (Volume 6 - Issue 1 )

instructions. In addition, they were not enthusiastic nor creative, and mostly silent throughout the lesson. Consequently, the condition did not optimally provide authentic learning experiences for the students, whereby the lesson became less meaningful and less exciting.

Based on the preliminary result, it can be concluded that teachers need a new teaching model to solve the problem. The address the issue, first of all, a need analysis should be done. According to Dick, Walter; Carey, Lou & Carey, James O. (2009: 17-33) a need analysis can be administered based on the front-end analysis, which involves analyses at the beginning and at the end of the lesson to decide the appropriate steps needed to address particular issues. Dick, Walter; Carey, Lou & Carey, James O. (2009:22) outlined three steps to analyze the teaching and learning needs including: 1) set the standards and goals of the teaching and learning as a reference of expected status, 2) determine the actual status of the expected teaching and learning process, and 3) identify the gap between the expected status and the real condition. The gap, consequently, reflects the problems and needs concerning the education system that need to be solved.

Observing the phenomenon, the writer set out to design an alternative teaching model for the benefit of both the teachers and the students. This is relevant with Tucker & Stronge (2005) who believed that teachers need to develop a more effective teaching model. Thus, teachers should be skillful in choosing the right model. The alternative model developed in this study is suggestopedia based storytelling model, whereby each student has to work in groups designed accordingly to ensure that all students participate actively and effectively in the lesson.

The teaching model developed in this study is essential for teachers, students, and policy makers. For teachers, the teaching model guides the active, creative and meaningful learning. For students, it can encourage students to actively perform. Also, this can encourage the students to perform actively in the lesson as well as to train students to work together as team while creating a competitive learning atmosphere. For the policy maker, this model can hopefully stimulate teachers to develop their own simple teaching models.

The study applied the suggestopedia teaching model prototype. Tembang dolanan , i.e. Javanese nursery rhymes, were used in the model. Some suggestive sentences were inserted in the rhymes to produce relaxing, motivating and entertaining effects, expected to be a means for effective and stimulating lesson.

Based on the background, the research was aimed to address the following issues: (a) how was the current teaching practice used in Bahasa Indonesia lessons, and what did the students and teachers need to include in a suggestopedia based storytelling method in primary schools in Salatiga?; (b) how was the preliminary draft of the suggestopedia based storytelling method used to teach Bahasa Indonesia in primary schools in Salatiga?; (c) how was the teaching model prototype developed into the suggestopedia based storytelling method to teach Bahasa Indonesia in primary school?; and (d) how effective was the suggestopedia based storytelling method to teach Bahasa Indonesia in primary schools?

TEACHING MODEL

Bruce Joyce and Marsha Weil (2009:7) defined teaching model as a tool used by teachers to help students get information, ideas, skills, values, point of view, and purpose to express themselves. Meanwhile, Chauhan in Wahab (2008:52) explained that model of teaching can be defined as an instructional design which describes the process of specifying and producing particular environmental situations which cause the students to interact in such a way that specific change occurs in their behavior. However, unlike the previous definition, Wahab (2009:52) pointed that a teaching model developed by teachers is aimed at helping teachers to increase their competence to recognize students and create a more stimulating learning environment needed to improve the learning process. The expected final result is students increased ability to learn more effectively, whereby they become more adept to master new knowledge, skills, and content of the lesson.

Furthermore, a teaching model development is needed in an educational process. Reizer (2007:4-7)

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Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology 2018 (Volume 6 - Issue 1 )

pointed out that teaching model development is an analysis, design, construction, implementation, evaluation, and the management of teaching and non-teaching process, including the resources needed to improve performance in various situations, educational institutions, and locations. Iskandarwassid (2010:40-41) noted that various teaching models had been developed, ranging from the simplest to the sophisticated ones. A model is considered sophisticated when it needs a lot of teaching aids in the implementation. Janali in Wahyo (2007:25) explained three types of model development, including (1) theoretical model, i.e. a model that describes the framework based on relevant theories and empirical data; (2) an analytic conceptual model, which lists the product components and shows the relations between each component with the other; and (3) a procedural model, which consists of steps should be taken in order to get maximum result.

Out of the three models, the current study used the procedural model. This type describes the system to organize learning experiences through learning steps in order to meet the expected learning objectives. Therefore, the learning steps were set as a guideline for the teachers to teach the lesson.

Therefore, in this study, teaching method i