Sudeep PerumbakkamSudeep Perumbakkam

Oregon State University Oregon State University

What is remediation? What is remediation? Hazardous waste is everywhere.Hazardous waste is everywhere. It comes from paints, motor oil, hair It comes from paints, motor oil, hair

spray, household cleaners, spray, household cleaners, automotive chemicals, and all kinds automotive chemicals, and all kinds of toxic medical, industrial and of toxic medical, industrial and military products. military products.

INCINERATION- Texas 1999

COST OF INCINERATIONCOST OF INCINERATION

BIOREMEDIATIONBIOREMEDIATION

Bioremediation is a complete, safe and natural process of cleaning up organic contaminants through the use of microbes.

TYPES OF REMEDIATIONTYPES OF REMEDIATION

IDEA

Agricultural solution to Agricultural solution to keeping ranges open keeping ranges open

TNT Contamination problemTNT Contamination problem

Pilot Greenhouse Study Pilot Greenhouse Study Fescue in sand, loam and clayFescue in sand, loam and clay

Plants are treated with a solution of 14C-TNT

Treated plants were removed from the soil 7 days after dosing.

Sand Loam Clay

Sand

Loam

Clay

Cuttings of foliage from grass grown in Cuttings of foliage from grass grown in soil treated with soil treated with 1414C-TNT C-TNT

Sand Loam Clay Sand Loam Clay Sand Loam Clay

11 days after

treatment with 14C-TNT

27 days after

treatment with 14C-TNT

47 days after

treatment with 14C-TNT

Cuttings of foliage from grass grown in Cuttings of foliage from grass grown in soil treated with soil treated with 1414C-TNT (continued)C-TNT (continued)

Sand Loam Clay Sand Loam Clay

69 days after

treatment with 14C-TNT

89 days after

treatment with 14C-TNT

Approximate excretion of Approximate excretion of 1414C-TNT C-TNT in sheepin sheep

LiverKidneyMuscleFat

Body tissues: 17-19%

Urine: 6-8%

Feces: 75%

LiverKidneyMuscleFat

Body tissues: 17-19%

Urine: 6-8%

Feces: 75%

Sheep – ruminant modelSheep – ruminant model

Anaerobic transformation of 2,4,6-TNT by bovine Anaerobic transformation of 2,4,6-TNT by bovine ruminal microbesruminal microbes

T.J. Fleischmann et al. (2004) T.J. Fleischmann et al. (2004) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCommunications 314:957–963 314:957–963

Proposed Transformation Pathway of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Rumen Microbes Under Anaerobic Conditions