8/17/2019 Subtítulos Ingles Tichin Purpos

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[MUSIC] English for teaching purposes. [MUSIC] Presenting evidence. [MUSIC] >> When student's faces start screaming,show me the evidence, it may be time to startproving your point. And to prove a point, you need evidence. Let's examine whatevidence is. [MUSIC] Evidence. Scientific evidence that is, is whatwe obtain when we either observe or experiment to gain knowledgeabout a particular phenomenon. The presentation ofevidence is a verb matter. That means that the verbswe use to present it will almost magically encode what ourposition about such information is. Let's examine an example. When we say, we suppose that energy equalsmass times the speed of light squared. It's different from saying, we have proved that energy equals masstimes the speed of light squared. Of course,these two sentences are out of context. For the sake of argument,imagine they share one. We're in a physics class, and you're examining the workthat led to the formula. In the first sentence, the speaker isonly stating that she either assumes that everyone would naturally accept what'sstated by the formula to be true. Or she feels skepticalabout the statement. The second sentence though, indicates that the process used to verify the truth ofthe formula has been performed and worked. And so, what it states isn't questionable. Making conscious and intentional verb choices is reallyimportant when presenting evidence. Oh, and by the way,

the classification of verbs we will be working with is onlyloosely based on Halliday. It's only intended to help youchoose your words carefully. When you report results using verbsof saying, you're merely repeating someone else's words if you usesubjects like he, she, or they, as in. Sheldon Cooper said that the universestarted with a big bang. Add a reduced passive form, and you will be clearly establishingthat rather than endorsing a notion, you're just uttering an idea with whichyou're not necessarily committed. It has been reported that the Moonis the Earth's satellite. We will now present some verbs of saying. Say, tell, report, explain, express, suggest, argue, allege, stress, emphasize, state, deny, and question. You won't see the nextcategory in any book, but I think it helps to see these

verbs as a separate group. What's unique about them, is that theyseem to help us draw attention toward something in much the same way we doit if we could physically point at it. These verbs of pointing establisha comfortable distance between the speaker and the finding that she's referringto whenused with subject other than I, or we. Laura Ingalls indicated thatmany trees blossom in spring. When we get involvedin the action like in, we pointed out that electricityis needed to run a lab. We take responsibility for drawing our students' attentiontowards something, but only that. These verbs allow you to take a safe standand describe any phenomenon from it. Here is the short list of verbs. Indicate,show, illustrate, identify, point out, pinpoint, present, represent, describe, d

epict, discover,reveal and unveil. Verbs of thinkingare also reporting verbs. But they are trickier than the verbs ofsaying because they also encode beliefs. We tend to express strongerconviction about both someone else's ideas andours when using verbs of thinking. Hermione Granger thinks thatHarry Potter is a hero. I know that four is the sum ofthree plus one, or two plus two. The following are a few of the mostcommon common verbs of thinking. Think, believe, acknowledge, assume, consider,analyze,

8/17/2019 Subtítulos Ingles Tichin Purpos

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evaluate, know, understand, assess, reject, imply,interpret, and justify. These verbs are also a practical category,but by no means a formal one. They highlight the quest accomplished. They also state with little doubtthat whatever evidence you're presenting stands as proof. As in all the previous cases,the degree of responsibility and your own commitment with the informationbeing presented depend also on who you identify as the doer of the action. I have just demonstrated that wateris made of Oxygen and Hydrogen. Mark Darcy proved thatall men are the same. Next is a list of verbs approving. Obtain, get, equal, tackle, conclude, verify, certify, prove, disprove, refute. It takes more than verbs toexpress how certain you are about the evidence you're presenting. There's a whole system that expresses, how sure you are aboutthe things you're saying. We will explore that on ourvideo expressing certainty. Stay tuned. [MUSIC]