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Subprogramme 6: Physical modelling and separate effect
experiments for fuels (M4F)
Marjorie BertolusCEA, DEN, Centre de Cadarache
SP6 coordinator
JPNM-MATISSE Workshop, Brussels, September 10th, 2014 Page 2
Mechanical effectsTemperature Irradiation Chemistry
Cracking Fission gas bubble precipitation
High Burn up structure Radial migration
FP migration interaction
A complex behaviour: interconnected effectsleading to numerous coupled phenomena
Fission Alpha Decay
Fission products Helium + recoil nuclei
In-pile Fuel Behaviour is Very Complex
JPNM-MATISSE Workshop, Brussels, September 10th, 2014 Page 3
Modelling and Separate Effect Experiments for Fuels: Why?
To change from “observe and qualify” approach to “design and control” basic studies of advanced nuclear fuel necessary in addition to global irradiations
Similar approach to what is done on structural materials in JPNM/SP4, but adapted to fuel material specificities
First successes demonstrated during the FP7 F-BRIDGE project (2008-2012) Produced key basic data / identified relevant
mechanisms to be used for a better prediction of fuel and cladding behaviour
Integrated European teams of various countries with various areas of expertise
Approach has made progress – still major efforts needed
JPNM-MATISSE Workshop, Brussels, September 10th, 2014 Page 4
Modelling and Separate Effect Experiments for Fuels: What do we need?
Need for precise laws governing the evolution of properties as a function of all relevant parameters
Fundamental understanding of underlying elementary mechanisms taking place in the materials during aging and irradiation at appropriate scales
Coupling of the various descriptions and scales to simulate the combined effects of temperature and irradiation on the behaviour of the nuclear fuel during normal, off-normal and accidental conditions
Gen IV fuels: mixed compounds, containing minor actinides
O potential for various fuel compositions and T
Diffusion coefficient determination using atomic scale methods
JPNM-MATISSE Workshop, Brussels, September 10th, 2014 Page 5
Modelling and Separate effect Experiments for Fuels: What do we study?
State-of-the-art experimental studies combined with modelling from atomistic to grain scale on mixed fuels behaviour in normal and off-normal conditions
and off-normal conditions
Microstructure changes under
irradiation
Fission product chemistry and
release Melting behaviour Mechanical integrity
• Melting temperatures• Phase diagrams• High temperature
thermochemistry• Thermal conductivity
• Transport properties of defects
• Gas segregation, precipitation and release
• Non-gaseous fission product behaviour and compounds
• Consequences of irradiation damage
• Creation and behaviour of extended defects (cavities, dislocation
• Role of grain boundaries
• Mechanisms governing mechanical properties
• Creep• Fracture
JPNM-MATISSE Workshop, Brussels, September 10th, 2014 Page 6
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Profondeur (nm)
dpa
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
Au 4 MeV 2e15
He 7 keV 5e15 % atom
ique
Cartographie en µ-NRA
Cartographie en µ-NRA
Microscopie optique
Rôle des joints de grains dans la diffusion
Microscopie optique
Rôle des joints de grains dans la diffusion
Modelling and Separate effect Experiments for Fuels: How?
Behaviour of future fuels
under irradiation
In pile irradiations or experimental simulation
(ion irradiation/implantation, doping)
Multiscale modelling and simulation
Fine characterization at relevant scale
(before, under, after irradiation)
SP5
JPNM-MATISSE Workshop, Brussels, September 10th, 2014 Page 7
Modelling and Separate effect Experiments for Fuels: Status and needs
Large number of organizations involved: CEA, CNRS (France), JRC-ITU (EU), SCK.CEN (Belgium), ENEA (Italy), Chalmers, KTH (Sweden), Aalto University (Finland), NNL, Imperial College, SFTC (UK), PSI (Switzerland)
Effort declared: ~ 15 persons.year in 2014
But currently no collaborative project on this subject• F-BRIDGE finished in 2012 • A few punctual investigations in FAIRFUELS and PELGRIMM projectsStudies rely almost only on in-kind• One proposal on basic research on fuel with Nugenia support in the
section 1 of 2014 call
Basic research in danger in several countries
JPNM is a collaborative framework but further integration requires suitable funding