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Subject Index
ABC, s e e aneurysmal bone cyst
Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease 397
acoustic neuroma 629 Actinomyces israelii 565 actinomycosis (AM) 565 - antibiotics 566 - clinical symptoms 565 - definition 565
- diagnosis 565 - etiology 565 - microscopic diagnosis 566 - radiotherapy 566
activated osteoarthrosis deformans 317 activation of specific genes 14
aggressive fibromatosis 225 - biological response modifiers 231 - chemotherapy 231 - clinical presentation 227
- combined t reatment 229 - definition 225 - diagnostic imaging 227 - epidemiology 225 - etiology 226 - hormonal therapy 230 - indications for radiotherapy 228 - magnetic resonance imaging 228
- non-steroidal ant i- inflammatory agents 231 - pathology 226
- Patterns of Care Study 229 - postoperative irradiation 229 - radiotherapy 231 - results - - of radiotherapy 229 - - of surgery 228 - surgery 228 - tamoxifen 231 aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) 707 - anatomical distr ibution 442 - arterial embolization 448,449 - classic type 442
- clinical phases 443
-de f in i t i on 441
- diagnostic imaging 442
- differential diagnosis 444
- embolization 448
- epidemiology 441 - etiology 442
- malignant t ransformation 452 - pathology 442
- radical resection 449 - radiotherapy 448
- - results 450
- relapse
- - after curettage 449 - - after radical resection 450 - results of radiotherapy 446 - selective arterial embolization (SAE) 445 - staging system 443 - surgical t reatment 445 - symptoms 444 - w a i t a n d s e e strategy 445 ant i- inflammatory effect, experimental studies 5 arterio-venous malformation 583 - alpha/beta values for obliteration 589 - architecture 584
- bleeding risk 586
- cerebral angiography 584, 600, 601 - clinical
- - aspects 585 - - results 594 - contrast-enhanced CT 591
- CT angiography 591 - diagnostic aspects 584 - dose-effect dependence 597 - DSA 601 - endovascular embolization 588,596 - epidemiology 584
- fractionated radiotherapy 596 - grading system by Spetzler and Martin 585
- histopathological changes 589 - imaging 591 - incidence 584 - individual risk analysis 602 - intra-arterial angiography 591 - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 584, 591,600, 601 - Marburg clinical experience 599 - microsurgical resection 587, 594 - multidisciplinary approach 602 - multi-image modal i ty planning 591 - mult imodal management 588,593 - natural course of disease 586 - neurological sequelae 598
- neuronavigation 587
- organs at risk 591
- planning target volume 591
- postradiosurgery complications 598
- preoperative embolization 596 - quality assurance 592
- radiation necrosis 598 - radiobiology 588
Subject Index
- radiogenic - - obliteration rates 597 - - side effects 589, 590, 597 - radiosurgery 590 - - results 597 - radiosurgical treatment 593 - - failure 603 - radiotherapeutic treatment 588 - salvage radiosurgical retreatment 594 - staged-volume radiosurgery 594, 595 - stereotactic headframe 592 - symptoms 585 - targeting error 593 - therapeutic equivalence 602 - threshold dose 597 - time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA)
584 - t reatment strategies 587 arthritis 4, 17
beam's eye view 83 benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLL) 569 - anti- inflammatory medication 571 - antiretroviral medication 571 - aspiration of cysts 571 - clinical symptoms 570 - definition 569 - diagnostic assessment 570 - etiology 569 - parotidectomy 571 - pathohistologic findings 570 benign parotid disorders 563 bone sarcoma in the irradiated volume 34 brain tumor in the irradiated volume 35 breast cancer in the irradiated volume 36 BRH guidelines 102 Brooker classification 337
calcaneodynia 295 - clinical signs 301 - conventional radiotherapy 297 - diagnostic aspects 297 - drug therapy 302 - duration of response 308
- epidemiology 296
- etiology 296 - extracorporal shock wave therapy (ESWT) 303
- fractionation concepts 305
- heel disorders 296 - magnetic resonance imaging 298 - non-invasive treatment options 302 - pathology 297 - pathophysiology 296 - prognostic factors for response 308 - quality of life (QoL) 300 - radiobiological mechanisms 309
- radiotherapeutic management 304 - results of radiotherapy 307 - results of a retrospective analysis 305 - scintigraphy 298 - surgery 303 - symptoms 301 - target volume concepts 304 - ultrasound 298 cancer induction from scatter irradiation - concept of effective dose 38 carcinogenesis 288 - concept of effective dose 48 - epidemiology in humans 47 - estimated risks of radiogenic cancers 49 - gonarthrosis 56 - Graves' orbitopathy 51, 53 - heterotopic ossification 53, 55 - hidradenitis suppurativa 56 - human lifetime risk 48 - incidence of myeloid leukaemia in mice 46 - mathematical phantoms 49 - Monte Carlo calculations 49 - omarthritis 52, 54 - plantar heel spur 56 - survival of Rhesus monkeys 47 - treatment strategies 51 - tumour induction in experimental animals 45 carcinogenic risk assessment - Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation (BEIR) 47 - concept of relative risk (RR) 47 - excess lifetime mortality 47 - excess relative risk (ERR) 47 - Graves' orbitopathy 53 - International Commission on Radiological Protection
(ICRP) 47 - Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the United States
(NUREG) 47 - tumour induction in experimental animals 45 - United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of
Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 47 cavernous hemangioma 692 cell proliferation inhibition 9 cerebral epidermoid cyst (CEC) 710 chemical synovectomy 549 choroidal hemangioma 513 - I ~ applicator 516 - z25I plaque applicator 516
- 3-D conformal treatment planning 516 - brachytherapy 516 - definition 513 - episcleral plaque therapy 516 - external beam radiotherapy 515
- laser photocoagulation 514
- photodynamic therapy 514 - plaque with 125I seeds 517
- proton beam radiotherapy 516 - radiogenic side effects 518 - radiotherapy 514 - - stereotactic 517 chronic eczema, dose concepts 152 clinical principles of radiotherapy 89 - BRH guidelines 102 - clinical study types 94
- confirmation as standard treatment 98 - design of clinical trials 93 - documentation 105 - dose-finding process 97 - endpoints 98 - example of heterotopic ossification 97 - follow-up 105 - GCG-BD registries 102 - grade of recommendation 95 - guideline process 103 - informed consent 105 - level of evidence 95, 96 - national guidelines in Germany 102, 106 - patterns of care studies (PCS) 98 - principle indications 91
- quality assurance 104 - radiotherapy indications 96 - report form for rare non-malignant diseases 114 - registry for rare non-malignant disorders 101 - treatment - - concepts 116 - - endpoints 91 - - guidelines 101 - - indications 91 - - optimization 97 clinical scores - by Aichroth 242 - by Constant and Murley 241 - byHarr i s 241 - byLarson 242 - by Mazur 242 - byMorrey 241 - definitions 238 - evaluation schemes 238 - orthopaedic examinations 238 clinical target volume (CTV) 78 coherent scattering 63 Compton effect 63 concept of effective dose 48 craniopharyngeoma 713 CTV, s e e clinical target volume cutaneous hemangioma 156 cytokine TGF-~I 13
degenerative joint disease 317 depth dose curves - for protons 69 - for various X-ray fields 73 - for X-radiation 72 dermatologic radiotherapy 147 - anatomy of finger nail 153 - anatomy of skin and subcutis 148 - bolus material 149 - clinical treatment planning 149
- cutaneous hemangioma 156
- eczema/eczematous dermatitis 150 - FDA recommendations 151 - hidradenitis suppurativa 156 - hypertrophic scars 153 - keloids 153
Subject Index
- lichen - - chronicus 151 - - planus 155 - lymphocytoma cutis 155 - normal anatomy of the finger nail 153 - penetration depth of radiation 149 - physical treatment planning 149 - physics and techniques 148 - pseudolymphoma 155 - psoriasis 152 - shielding at different radiation energies 150 - target depth for different skin conditions 148 - treatment guidelines 150 - painful leg ulcer 157, 158 - paronychia 157 - verrucae 157
design of clinical trials - confirmation as standard 98 - dose finding 97 - grade of recommendation 95 - heterotopic ossification 97 - level of evidence 95 - treatment optimization 97 desmoid tumor 225,717 - definition 225 - epidemiology 225 dorsal heel spur 295
ectopic bone formation, definition 333 eczema 40,150 - eczematous dermatitis 150 elbow scoring system 286 electromagnetic radiation 61 electron - accelerator 75 - field 79 endocrine orbitopathy 19, 39 endothelial cell, radiation effects 11 endpoint selection 93 eosinophilic granuloma 397 epicondylopathia humeri 40 epileptic disorders 679
- amygdalohippocampectomy (AHE) 686, 687 - antiepileptic drugs 681 - cavernous hemangioma 692,693 - clinical results 688 - comparative analysis 695 - criteria for epilepsy surgery 679 - electroencephalography 684 - Engel's classification 688 - gamma-knife
- - amygdalohippocampectomy 690 - - callosotomy 694, 695
- - radiotherapy 689, 691,693,696 - hippocampal sclerosis (HS) 681
- hypothalamic hamartomas 692 - irritative zone 680
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 681,682,687, 694 - mesial temporal - - lobe epilepsy (MTLE) 680
Subject Index
- - sclerosis (MTS) 681 - - tumors 693 - pr imary epiletogenic zone 680 - radiosurgical t rea tment 679 - results of epilepsy surgery 689 - selective temporal lobe amytal test (STLAMT) 685 - s ingle-photon emission tomography (SPECT) 684 - symptomatogenic zone 680 ESTRO Survey 121 - Africa, Middle East, South and Central America 123, 128 - aneurysmal bone cysts 122 - ankylosing spondylitis 122 - arthrosis 122 - Central Europe 123, 125 - desmoid aggressive fibromatosis 122 - Dupuyt ren ' s contracture 122 - Eastern Europe 123, 126 - Eastern world 123,128 - Graves' orbi topathy 122 - heterotopic bone format ion 122 - keloids 122 - North America 123, 127 - Nor thern Europe 123, 127 - Peyronie's disease 122 - p terygium 122 - quest ionnaire of benign diseases 122 - response from all institutes 124 - Southern Europe 123,126 - t rea tment schedules 130 - US survey of benign indications 129 - Western Europe 123,125 evaluation - criteria 93 - scheme 238 exponential at tenuation law 64
familial adenomatous polyposis of the colon (FAP) 226 FDA recommendat ions on ionizing radiotherapy 151 fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva 357 fibrous dysplasia (FD) 709 filtration influence 72 Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G)
243 Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) 243 furunculit is - clinical aspects 524 - definition 523 - diagnostic aspects 524 - radiotherapeut ic management 524 - results of radiotherapy 524 - t rea tment strategies 524
gamma knife 70 - cal losotomy 694, 695 - radiotherapy 689 - stereotactic i rradiat ion 85
- s u r g e r y 671 - ray unit 70 - therapy unit 70 Gardner syndrome 226 German Cooperative Group on Radiotherapy for Benign
Diseases (GCG-BD) 242,701 German Patterns of Care Study 306 giant cell tumor (GCT) 714 - of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) 384 giant hemangioma 459 - clinical symptoms 460 - definition 459 - disease-related complications 460 - Kasabach-Merrit t syndrome 460 gliomatosis cerebri 705 glycerol gangliolysis 670
golfer's elbow 281 gonarthrosis 56 Gorham's disease/Gorham-Stout syndrome 702 - radiographs 704 Graves' orbitopathy (GO) 51, 53 - classification 472 - - NO SPECS 473 - - Werner 473 - clinical - - activity score (GAS) 474 - - symptoms 470 - corticosteroids 476, 480 - definition 469 - diagnostic assessment 475 - double vision 471 - exophthalmus 470 - keratopathy 472 - orbitopathy index 473 - pathogenesis 469 - prognostic factors 473 - proptosis 470,471 - radiotherapy G - - concepts 477 - - results 478 - - technique 477 - therapeutic options 474 gross tumour volume (GTV) 78 growth factors in soft tissue wound healing 211,212 GTV, see gross tumour volume gynecomasta 717
half-value layer (HVL) 73 Hand-Schtiller-Christian syndrome 397 Harris hip score 361 Hastings and Graham classification 337 heel spur syndrome 40, 56, 296 - clinical examination 301 - conventional radiotherapy 297 - definition 295 - diagnostic aspects 297 - drug therapy 302 - durat ion of response 308 - epidemiology 296 - etiology 296
- ext racorporal shock wave therapy (ESWT) 303
- f ract ionat ion concepts 305
- heel disorders 296
- magnet ic resonance imaging 298
- non-invasive t rea tment opt ions 302
- pa tho logy 297
- pa thophys io logy 296
- prognos t ic factors of response 308
- radiat ion set-up 304
- radiobiological mechanisms 309
- radiotherapeut ic managemen t 304
- results of rad io therapy 307
- results of a retrospective analysis 305
- scint igraphy 298
- surgery 303
- symptoms 301
- target volume concepts 304
- ul t rasound 298
heterotopic ossification 7,19, 39, 53, 55
- acquired form 334, 335
- after head and spinal cord injuries (HSCI)
- Brooker classification 373
- definit ion 373
- diagnost ic aspects 374
- d iphosphona tes 377
- et iology 374
- gonadal shielding 380
- I n n s b r u c k / M u r n a u Experience 378
- Kar lsruhe Experience 378
- magnet ic resonance imaging (MRI) 375
- magnet ic resonance t omography 375
- non-s teroidal an t i - in f lammatory drugs (NSAID) 377
- pa thogenesis 374
- postoperat ive complicat ions 377
- r ad iography 375
- r ad io therapy 377
- results of rad io therapy 378
- r isk factors 374
- sc int igraphy 375
- side effects of rad io therapy 379
- surgical t rea tment 377
- symptoms 376
- technique of rad io therapy 379
- u l t r a sonography 375
- classification 336, 337
- - of Hast ings and Graham 337
- clinical findings 338
- clinical results 343,345
- computed t omography 338
- definit ion 333
- differential diagnosis 336
- heredi ta ry form 334
- hip joint
- - Brooker classification 360
- - clinical examinat ion 359
- - de te rmined osteogenic progeni tor cells (DOPC) 359
- - d iphosphona tes /b i sphosphona tes 363
- - et iology 359
- - Harr is hip score 361
- - incidence 358
- - inducible osteogenic progeni tor cells (IOPC) 359
- - localisation 368
- - medical prophylaxis 362
Subject Index
- - NSAID t rea tment 363
- - NSAID versus rad io therapy 367
- - nuclear medicine imaging 360
- - pharmacologica l studies 362
- - postoperat ive rad io therapy 364, 365
- - preoperat ive rad io therapy 364, 365
- - radiological imaging 359
- - r ad io therapy 363,366
- - re- i r radia t ion 366
- - risk factors 358
- - se rum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) 360
- - se rum markers 360
- - side effects of rad io therapy 365
- - sonographic imaging 360
- - therapeut ic window 364
- - t ime point of rad io therapy t rea tment 366
- - t rea tment field 368
- histogenesis of bone format ion 336
- h i s topa thology 334
- incidence 340
- labora tory finding 339
- localized types 334
- magnet ic resonance imaging (MRI) 339
- medicat ion 341
- radiat ion
- - dose concepts 343
- - technique 342
- - t h e r a p y 341
- radiogenic carcinogenesis 346
- r ad iography 338
- radionucl ide imaging 339
- rad io therapy rationale 342
- risk factors 339,340
- side effects of rad io therapy 346
- s u r g e r y 341
- systemic types 334
- t r a u m a t i c 334
- u l t r a sonography 339
- various b o d y regions 345
hidradeni t i s suppurat iva 56, 156, 523
- clinical aspects 526
- definit ion 525
- diagnost ic aspects 525
- dose concept 157
- incidence 525
- medical t rea tment 527
- radical operat ion 527
- results of rad io therapy 528,529
- t rea tment strategies 526
h ippocampal sclerosis (HS) 681
hist iocytosis X 397
histogenesis of bone format ion 336
h u m a n lifetime risk 48
humera l epicondylitis, s e e humera l epicondylopathia
humera l epicondylopathia (HEP) 281
- ana tomy of elbow 283
- braces / taping 286
- carcinogenesis 288
- clinical examinat ion 285
- cort icosteroid injection 287
- definit ion 281
- diagnost ic work-up 283
- differential diagnosis 284
Subject Index
- elbow scoring system 286 - epidemiology 282 - etiology 282 - extracorporal shock wave therapy 287 - magnetic resonance imaging 284 - medication 287 - pathophysiology 282 - physical therapy 286 - radiation therapy concept 291 - radiotherapeutic management 288 - radiotherapy-literature review 289 - rationale for radiotherapy 289
- repetitive stress injury (RSI) 282 - results of radiotherapy 290 - RICE method 285 - staging of lateral epicondylitis 285 - surgical intervention 287 HVL, s e e half-value layer hyperplasia of the skin 147 hypersalivation 573 - acupuncture 575 - biofeedback technique 575 - botul inum toxin 576 - classification system 575 - clinical symptoms 574 - complications 574
- definition 573 - diagnosis 574 - differential diagnosis 574
- etiology 573 - medical treatment 575,576 - radiotherapy concept 576 - surgical treatment 576 hypertrophic scar 153 - definition 209 - dose concept 154 hypothalamic hamar toma 692
ICAM- 1, s e e intercellular adhesion molecule- 1
ICRU model 78 incoherent scattering 63 induction of differentiation 10 inflammatory disorders - furunculitis 523 - hidradenitis suppurativa 523 - panari t ium 523
- paronychia 523 iNOS, s e e intrinsic oxide synthetase
insertion tendinitis 17 interaction of charged/uncharged particles with matter 62
intrinsic nitrogen oxide synthetase (iNOS) 6
inverse square law 66, 67
ionising radiation 60
- sources 69
juvenile neoplastic angiofibroma (]NA) 711
- classification - - according to Fisch 712 - - according to Sessions 712 juvenile ossifying fibroma (]OF) 708
Karnofsky Performance Status 243 Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 704 - clinical results 464 - clinical symptoms 460 - consumption coagulopathy 461
- definition 459 - interferon-o~ 462 - radiotherapy 463 - steroids 462 Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score 321 keloid 153,209 - Barcelona clinical experience 219 - breast 210 - clinical results 216 - - pr imary radiotherapy 218 - - postoperative radiotherapy 217 - clinical signs 212 - definition 209 - diagnostic procedures 213 - Doppler sonography 212
- dose concept 154 - dose-response relationship 215, 217 - ear 211,220 - elasticity of the skin 212 - epidemiology 210 - etiology 210 - external beam radiotherapy 214 - German Patterns-of-Care Study 218 - growth factor in soft tissue wound healing 211,212 - interstitial radiotherapy 215 - non-radiotherapeutic treatment 214 - pathology 210 - radiation protection 216 - radiogenic side effects 217 - radiotherapy planning 214 - retinoic acid 213 - silastic sheet coverage 213 - silicone gel pads 213 - sternal formation 220 - surgery 213 - symptomatic response 220 - symptoms 212 - triamcinolone acetonide 231 keratoconjunctivitis sicca 569
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) 397, 717
- bisphosphonates 407, 409 - bone scintigraphy 403 - chemotherapy 406, 408 - clinical - - examination 404 - - results 408
Subject Index
- - symptoms 404 - combined therapies 414 - computed tomography 402 - cyclosporine A 407, 410 - definition 398 - differential diagnosis 416 - epidemiology 398 - etiology 398 - histological examination 404 - imaging techniques 401 - indications for radiation therapy 415 - interferon-a 410 - laboratory testing 403 - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 402 - multi-system disease 398,400 - natural course of disease 399 - pathology 398 - physical examination 401 - prognostic factors 416 - radiography 401
- radiotherapeutic management 407, 410 - radiotherapy results 411 - sequelae of treatment 415 - single-system disease 398,400 - stages of development 399 - staging systems 405,406 - steroids 407, 409 - surgery 406,408 - synonyms 398 - ultrasonography 402 - watchful waiting 414
LCH, s e e Langerhans cell histiocytosis leukaemia in the irradiated volume 34 level of evidence 96 lichen - chronicus 151 - planus 155 Likert scale 240 linear accelerator 74 Linear Analogue Self-Assessment 243 linear-accelerator-based radiosurgery 671 localized pigmented villonodular synovitis (L-PVNS) 384 lung cancer in the irradiated volume 37 lymphangiol ipoma 706 lymphangioma 706 lymphocele 537 - 3D planning 541 - clinical results 541 - definition 537 - etiology 542 - incidence 538 - Karlsruhe results 542 - lympho-scintigraphy 538 - rhenium-186 539 - sclerosingdrugs 539 - target cells and mechanisms 544 - treatment set-up 541 - yttrium-90 colloid 539 lymphocutaneous fistula - 3D planning 541
- antibiotic treatment 540 - clinical results 541
- computed tomography
- definition 537 - diagnostic aspects 537 - etiology 542 - incidence 538 - Karlsruhe results 542 - lympho-scintigraphy 538,539 - radiotherapeutic management 540 - rhenium-186 539 - sclerosingdrugs 539 - secondary 537 - surgery 539 - target cells and mechanisms 544 - treatment set-up 541 - yttrium-90 colloid 539 lymphocyte apoptosis 9 lymphocytoma - cutis 155 - dose concept 155
macrophage, radiation effects 12 mask system 85 mass absorption coefficient 84 mastodynia 717 Medical Outcome Study (MOS) 244 meningioma - breast cancer 610 - classification of the World Health Organization (WHO)
611
- clinical symptoms 616
- computed tomography 611 - definition 609 - diagnostic aspects 611 - DOTATOC PET 616 - dural tail sign 613, 614 - embolization 617 - enossale type 612,615 - epidemiology 609 - epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) 611 - fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy 623 - genetic alterations 611 - Heidelberg clinical results 621 - histopathology 610 - immunohistochemistry 611 - incidence 610 - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 612,614 - nerve sheath meningioma 615 - non-radiotherapeutic treatment 617 - positron emission tomography 613 - psammon bodies 610 - radiation-induced neoplasms 610 - recurrence-free survival 624
- results after fractionated radiotherapy 621 - results after radiosurgery 622 - surgery 617 - tentorial type 615 - treatment strategies 617 mesial temporal
- lobe epilepsy (MTLE) 680
- sclerosis (MTS) 681
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 566
Subject Index
micro-MLC m3 86 monocyte , radiation effects 12 Morbus Dupuyt ren - alcohol abuse 164
- au to immune disorders 165 - basic documenta t ion 183 - classification 168 - clinical aspects 166 - clinical results 179 - clinical symptoms 167 - complications of surgery 172 - contraindications for surgery 172
- definition 161 - diabetes mellitus 165 - diagnostic aspects 166 - documenta t ion and evaluation 169 - epidemiology 162 - etiology 163 - hepatic cirrhosis 164 - heredi tary factors 165 - historical background 162 - imaging techniques 169 - medical t rea tment 170 - nicotine abuse 164 - nutr i t ional factors 166 - oxygen free radicals 166 - pathogenesis and risk factors 163 - post - t rea tment examinat ion 186 - pre- t rea tment assessment 184 - pre- t rea tment examinat ion 185 - radiobiological rationale 175 - radiotherapeut ic management 174 - radiotherapy technique 176 - results of radiotherapy 177 - results of surgery 172 - risks of radiotherapy 178 - surgical management 170,171 - t reatment strategies 170 - vascular disorders 166 Morbus Ledderhose - clinical results 180 - definition 161 - documenta t ion and evaluation 169 - etiology 163 - imaging techniques 169 - medical t reatment 170
- radiobiological rationale 175 - radiotherapy technique 176 - results of surgery 173, 174 - risks of radiotherapy 178 - surgical management 171 - t rea tment strategies 170 Morbus Peyronie 116 MRSA, s e e methicil l in-resistant Staphylococcus aureus mult i- leaf collimator 76 multiple field technique 82 myositis ossificans 334
near surface lesion 79 neovascularisation 21
neurosarcoidosis 705 NF-KB 14 nitrogen oxide (NO) 6 NO, s e e nitrogen oxide non-mal ignant disorders - clinical study types phase I - IV 94 - endpoints 92, 93 - patterns of care studies 94,133 - registry 101 - t reatment guidelines 101 - documenta t ion 105 - informed consent 105 - international guidelines 104 - national guidelines 102 - quality assurance 104 - radiation protection 104 - radiotherapy indication 104 - risk versus benefit 104 non-mal ignant tumor of the skin 147 numeric scores 238
ocular radiogenic side effects 518 omarthri t is 52, 54 orthopaedic examinat ion 238 - Likert scale 240 - neutral-zero method 239 - range of mot ion 239 - subjective and objective criteria 242 osteoarthri t is (OA) - biological mechanisms 318 - clinical symptoms 320 - consensus guidelines 326 - cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors 322 - debr idement 322 -de f in i t ion 317 - dose recommendat ion 322 - etiology 317 - German Pattern of Care Study 326 - historical results 322 - inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 326 - joint lavage 322 - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 320 - morphological findings 320 - non-steroidal ant i - inf lammatory drugs (NSAID) 322 - pathogenesis 319 - radiographs 320,321 - radiological score according to Kellgren and Lawrence 321 - radiotherapy t reatment planning 328 - results of radiotherapy 323,324 - risk factors 317 - steroids 322 - synevectomy 322
painful leg ulcer 157 pair product ion 63 panar i t ium 523 - clinical aspects 529
Subject Index
- combined treatment 532 - definition 529 - diagnostic aspects 529 - medication 530 - radiotherapeutic management 530 - results of radiotherapy 530, 532,533 - surgical t reatment 529 - t reatment strategies 529 paraosteoarthropathy 373 paronychia 157 parotid disorder, anatomy 564 parotitis marantica 567 parotitis marantica (PM) - antibiotics 568 - clinical experience 569 - - symptoms 567 - definition 567 - etiology 567 - radiotherapy 568 - vancomycin 568 patterns of care study (PCS) 98,133 - essential components 99 - German Cooperative Group on Radiotherapy for Benign
Diseases (GCG-BD) 133 - quality assurance 140 - late effects 139 - practice patterns 137 - prospective clinical trials 138 -ques t ionna i re 141 - radiotherapy concepts 139 - results of national PCS 134 - specific patterns of care studies 100 - survey 135
- technical equipment 134 - t reatment concepts 136 PCS, s e e pattern of care studies percentage depth dose curves 67 - for electron beams 68 periarthrit is humeroscapularis 40,261 phosphor 32,391 photon radiation 67 pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) 716 - anatomical distribution 385,388 - antibody treatment 391 - results of radiotherapy 393 - clinical symptoms 385 - cryosurgery 391 - definition 383 - diagnostic assessment 386,387 - differential diagnosis 386, 388 - diffuse (D-PVNS) 384 - epidemiology 384 - etiology 384 - external beam radiotherapy 392 - giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath 384 - imaging studies 386, 387 - localized pigmented villonodular synovitis 384 - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 386 - open surgical technique 390 - pathology 384 - radiosynovectomy 391,392 - surgical synevectomy 390 pituitary adenoma 653
- adrenocort icotrophin (ACTH) 654 - ATCH-producing adenomas 655,659 - brachytherapy 658 - conventional radiotherapy 657 - epidemiology 654 - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 654 - growth hormone (GH) 654 - growth-hormone-producing adenomas 655, 660 - luteinizing hormone (LH) 654 - medical therapy 656 - nonfunctional adenomas 655,659 - pathology 654 - prolactin 654 - prolactinomas 655,659 - radiosurgery 658 - radiotherapy 657 - side effects 660 - surgery 656 - thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 654 planning target volume (PTV) 78 plantar heel spur 295 pseudolymphoma 155 pseudotumor orbitae 710 - clinical symptoms 489 - computed tomography 489 - corticosteroids 490 - definition 487 - diagnostic imaging 488, 489 - epidemiology 488 - etiology 488 - histological examination 495 - pathology 488 - radiotherapy 490, 491 - - clinical results 492,493 - surgical management 490 - results 492 psoriasis 40,152 - of the nails 153 - - radiation dose concept 153 pterygium - bare sclera technique 504, 506 - chemotherapy 505 - - mitomycin C 505 - clinical symptoms 501 - definition 501 - histology 502 - surgical strategies 504 - pathogenesis 502 - pathophysiology 503 - postoperative radiotherapy 506 - prevalence 502 - radiogenic side effects 508 - strontium 506, 509 - surgical t reatment 504 - yt t r ium irradiation 509 PTV, s e e planning target volume PVNS, s e e pigmented villonodular synovitis
quality of life (QoL) 238,242 Quality of Life Core Questionnaire 243
Subject Index
Quality-of-Life Index 243 questionnaire for benign diseases 122
radial epicondylitis 281 radiation effects - anti- inflammatory 3, 5
- anti-proliferative 3 - functional 3 - on autonomous nerve system 16 - on endothelial cells 11 - on macrophages/monocytes 12 - on membranes 16 - technique 79 radiation-induced cancer, total risk 39 radiation long-term risks - bone sarcoma in the irradiated volume 34
- brain tumors in the irradiated volume 35 - breast cancer in the irradiated volume 36 - cancer induction from scatter irradiation 38 - effective doses from diagnostic radiology 39 - effects of partial organ doses 38 - leukaemia in the irradiated volume 34
- lifetime leukaemia risk 35 - lifetime risk for one breast 37 - lifetime risk of basalioma 33 - lifetime risk of osteosarcoma 34 - lung cancer in the irradiated volume 37 - risk for the whole thyroid 36 - risk of brain tumors 36 - skin cancer in the irradiated field 33
- soft tissue sarcoma 34 - thyroid cancer in the irradiated volume 35 - total risk of radiation-induced cancer 39
radiation side effects - acute 30 - brain 31 - chronic 30 - gonads 31 - growing organs 31 - heart 31 - lens 31 radiation synovectomy 547, 549, 550 - clinical indications 556 - clinical trials 552,553 - diagnostic work-up 557 radioactivity 59 radiobiological principles - abscess 17 - activation of specific genes 14 - apoptosis of lymphocytes 9 - arthritis 4,17 - clinical studies 21
- cytokine TGF-~I 13 - endocrine orbitopathy 19 - heterotopic ossification 7,19 - inactivation of stem cells 9 - induction of differentiation 9 - inhibition of cell proliferation 9 - insertion tendinitis 17 - intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 11 - intrinsic nitrogen oxide synthetase (iNOS) 6 - neovascularisation 21
- NF-KB 14 - nitrogen oxide (NO) 6 - repair blastema 6 - restenosis 8, 20 - transcription factors 14
radiofrequency gangliolysis 670 radioisotope 392,550 radionuclide 69, 70 - carcinogenesis 550 radiophysical principles - beam's eye view 83 - bolus 79
- clinical target volume (CTV) 78 - coherent scattering 63 - Compton effect 63 - deep-seated lesions 81 - depth dose curves - - for protons 69 - - for various X-ray fields 73 - - for X-radiation 72 - electron 75, 79 - exponential attenuation law 64 - gamma knife 85 - gross tumour volume (GTV) 78 - half-value layer (HVL) 73 - ICRU concept 78 - incoherent scattering 63 - influence of filtration 72 - interaction of charged/uncharged particles with matter 62 - inverse square law 66, 67
- isodose distribution 83 - lead shielding 80 - linear accelerator 74, 75, 77
- mask system 85 - mass absorption coefficients 84 - mass attenuation 65 - micro-MLC m3 86 - multi-leaf collimator 76 - multiple field technique 82 - nature of ionising radiation 60 - near surface lesions 79 - pair production 63 - percentage depth dose curves 67, 68 - photoelectric effect 63 - photon radiation 67 - planning target volume (PTV) 78 - radiation techniques 79 - radioactivity 59 - radionuclides 69, 70 - Rayleigh scattering 63 - sources of ionising radiation 69 - spectrum of electromagnetic radiation 61 - stereotactic radiotherapy 84, 85, 86 - structure of matter 59 - target volume 78, 83 - thermoplastic mask 84 - treatment planning 77
- treatment simulation 77
- X-ray unit 71, 75 radiosynoviorthesis 391
radiotherapy - genetic effects - - radiation-induced mutations 32
- German guidel ines 106
- indicat ions 96 - - bone and joint d isorders 96 - - d isorders of the CNS and bra in 96 - - d isorders of the head and neck 96 - - eye disorders 96 - - local /systemic in f l ammatory disorders 96 - - skin an dsoft t issue disorders 96 - - vascular d isorders 96 rare ben ign skin disorders 716
Rayleigh scat ter ing 63 RCS, s e e rotator cuff synd rome
regis t ry for rare ben ign disease 701
repair b las tema 6 repeti t ive stress in jury (RSI) 282 restenosis 8, 20 ret inal capil lary h e m a n a g i o m a - external beam rad io therapy 517 - p laque rad io the rapy 518 - p ro ton beam therapy 518 - radiogenic side effects 518 rheuma to id ar thr i t is - a r throscopic synovec tomy 548
- chemical synovec tomy 549 - defini t ion 547
- d iagnost ic a r th roscopy 557 - finger joints 555 - h a n d joints 555 - joint lavage 557
- knee joint 554 - magnet ic resonance imaging (MRI) 554 - open synovec tomy 548 - osmic acid 549 - radia t ion synovec tomy 549, 550 - radio- isotopes 550 - radionucl ides 550 - side effects 550 - synovial ablation 547
rotator cuff synd rome (RCS) 261 - anatomical aspects 262
- classification of Bigliani 263
- clinical examinat ion 264, 265 - conservat ive managemen t 268 - defini t ion 261 - diagnost ic imaging 266 - differential diagnost ic 267, 268 - electric shock waves (ESW) therapy 269 - e t io logy 263 - g lenohumera l joint 262 - imp ingemen t synd rome 262, 263 - in t ra-ar t icu lar inject ions 268 - magne t ic resonance imaging (MRI) 267 - medica t ion 268
- needl ing 268
- osteoar thros is of acromioclavicular joint 264
- phys io therapy 269
- results of r ad io the rapy 270, 271 - rotator cuff tear 264
- score by Constant and Murley 265,266 - surgical t r ea tment 269 - tendinosis calcarea 269 - torn muscle cuff 267 - u l t r a sonography 266
Subject Index
- Universi ty Er langen-Ni i rnberg Experience 270 RSI, s e e repeti t ive stress in jury
salivary gland disorder 563 - ana tomy 564 - differential diagnosis 565 Short Form (SF) assessment - SF-12 244
- SF-36 243,244
sialorrhea 573
s imulat ion 77 Sj6gren syndrome 569 skin cancer in the i r radia ted field 33 soft t issue sarcoma 34 Spitzer Index 243 splenomegaly 719 stem cell inact ivat ion 9 stereotact ic - f rame 86 - r ad iosurgery 671 - r ad io the rapy 84
- ring 85
s t ruc ture of mat ter 59
systemic mas tocytos is 707
target volume defini t ion 78 tennis elbow 281 the rapy s imulat ion 77 thermoplas t ic mask 84 thyro id cancer in the i r radia ted volume 36 t rea tment concepts
- age-related (moist) macular degenera t ion 117 - endpoin ts 91 - indicat ions 91
- Graves' o rb i topa thy 116
- guidel ines 150
- gynecomas t i a 116 - keloid 116 - Morbus D u p u y t r e n 116 - Morbus Ledderhose 116 - Morbus Peyronie 116 - osteoar thr i t i s 116 - prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification 117 - prophylaxis of ar ter ial or vascular restenosis 117 - p t e ryg ium 116 - planning 77 t r igeminal neuralgia
- adverse effects 673
- bal loon compress ion 670
- BNI Pain Scale 668 - cl inical- results 672
- defini t ion 665
- differential diagnosis 666 - ep idemiology 666 - e t iology 666
- gamma knife rad iosurgery 672 - glycerol gangliolysis 670
Subject Index
- ]anetta 's operat ion 670
- linac rad iosurgery results 672 - magnet ic resonance imaging (MRI) 667, 668
- medical t rea tment 668, 669
- pa thophysio logy 667
- radiat ion target volume 671
- radiofrequency gangliolysis 670
- rad iosurgery 671,673
- repeated rad iosurgery 674
- surgical t rea tment 669
- symptoms 665 - t rea tment response 668
t u m o u r induct ion in experimental animals 45
US survey of benign indications 129
vasoproliferative retinal t umor
- episcleral plaque therapy 518
- radiogenic side effects 518
verrucae 157
vertebral h e m a n g i o m a (VH) - anatomical dis t r ibut ion 426 - arterial embolizat ion 429, 433
- capillary h e m a n g i o m a 425
- cavernous h e m a n g i o m a 425 - clinical classification 428, 429
- - symptoms 428
- computed tomography 427
- definition 425
- diagnostic imaging 427
- epidemiology 426
- German Multicenter Study 435
- l aminec tomy 429, 432 - magnet ic resonance imaging (MRI) 427 - non-rad io therapeut ic t rea tment 428 - pa thomorphologica l findings 426
- radiobiological aspects 429 - radiotherapeut ic concepts 432
- r a d i o t h e r a p y 433 - - indications 429
- - results 430, 434
- - technique 432
- s y m p t o m relief 432
- t r ea tment r ecommenda t ion 429
- ver tebroplas ty 433
- X-ray imaging 427
vestibular schwannoma (VS)
- anatomical aspects 630
- charged part icle beams 637
- clinical signs 630
- cystic t u m o r t rans format ion 640
- ep idemiology 630 - facial nerve funct ion 641
- funct ional tests 631 - g a m m a knife 637 - Gardner -Rober t son scale 631
- hear ing funct ion 640 - image fusion 638
- imaging techniques 631 - intensity modula ted radio therapy (IMRT) 637
- l inac-based sterotactic i rradiat ion 637
- magnet ic resonance imaging (MRI) 632
- microsurgery
- - combined with radiosurgery 636
- - compar ison with radiosurgery 634
- - results 633
- neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) 630
- observat ion policy 632
- perioperative complications 634
- radiosurgery 638
- radiotherapeut ic management 636 - results of p ro ton-beam radio therapy 649
- risk of side effects 642 - stereotactic fract ionated radio therapy 635,640, 643,645,
648
- - compar ison with radiosurgery 647
- - results 644
- - side effects 646, 647
- t r igeminal nerve funct ion 641
- t umor control after radiosurgery 638
wound healing, growth factors 211
X-ray
- therapy unit 75
- t u b e 71
y t t r ium - 90-yt t r ium 391
List of Contributors
BORIS ADAMIETZ, MD Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Niirnberg Maximiliansplatz 1 91054 Erlangen Germany
WINFRIED E. ALBERTI, MD Professor, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52 20246 Hamburg Germany
WOLFGANG ]. ARNOLD, MD Department of Otolaryngology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Ismaninger Strai]e 22 81675 Miinchen Germany
MARED ATTASSI, MD Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie Robert-]anker-Klinik Villenstrasse 4-8 53129 Bonn Germany
DIETER BAASKE, MD Klinikum Chemnitz GmbH Department of Radiooncology Bfirgerstratge2 09113 Chemnitz Germany
LUTHER Wo BRADY, MD Hylda Cohn/American Cancer Society Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor College of Medicine, Drexel University Broad & Vine Sts., Mail Stop 200 Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
JOHANN ]. BROERSE, PhD Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 Albinusdreef 2 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands and Interfaculty Reactor Institute Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15 2629 ]B Delft The Netherlands
FRANK BRUNS, MD Department Radiation Therapy and Oncology Medical University Hannover Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1 30625 Hannover Germany
lAP DAVELAAR, MD Department of Clinical Oncology Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
]URGEN DEBUS, MD Professor, Radiologische Universit~its-Klinik und Poliklinik Abt. Strahlentherapie Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 69129 Heidelberg Germany
HANS T. EICH, MD PD, Department of Radiation Oncology University of Cologne Kerpener Strasse 62 50924 Cologne Germany
List of Contributors
RITA ENGENHART-CABILLIC, MD Professor, Klinik ffir Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie Uniklinikum Giei~en und Marburg Standort Marburg Baldingerstrasse 35033 Marburg Germany
ANTJE ERNST-STECKEN, MD Klinik und Poliklinik ftir Strahlentherapie Universitiitsklinikum Erlangen Universitiitsstrasse 27 91054 Erlangen Germany
CLAUDIUS FAUSER, MD Department of Otolaryngology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Ismaninger Strat~e 22 81675 Mfinchen Germany
JORGE E. FREIRE, MD Department of Radiation Oncology Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann University Hospital 216 N, Broad St., MS-200 Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
DIETMAR FROHLICH, MD Zentralklinikum Suhl gGmbH Department of Radiotherapy Albert-Schweitzer-Strai]e 2 98527 Suhl Germany
MICHAEL GLATZEL, MD Zentralklinikum Suhl Department of Radiotherapy Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 2 98527 Suhl Germany
GEORG GOSHEGER, MD Department of General Orthopaedics University Hospital Mtinster Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33 48149 Mfinster Germany
RICHARD H. GREINER, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology University Bern Inselspital Freiburgerstrasse 10 3010 Bern Switzerland
KATHRYN M. GREVEN, MD Professor of Radiation Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Medical Center Boulevard Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
ANCA-LIGIA GROSU, MD Department of Radiation Oncology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Ismaningerstrat~e 22 81675 Mfinchen Germany
MARKUS W. GROSS, MD Privat-Dozent, Leitender Oberarzt Klinik ffir Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie Uniklinikum Gieflen und Marburg Standort Marburg Baldingerstrasse 35033 Marburg Germany
BENJAMIN GuIx, MD, PhD, MBA Professor of Radiotherapy and Head Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology IMOR Foundation University of Barcelona Escoles Pies 81 08017 Barcelona Spain
FELICITAS GUNTRUM, MD Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Alfried-Krupp-Hospital Alfried-Krupp-Strasse 21 Postfach 10 22 43 45117 Essen Germany
List of Contributors
WULF HAASE, MD Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology St. Vincentius-Kliniken Steinh~iuser Str. 18 76135 Karlsruhe Germany
]URGEN HEIDE, MD Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistrasse 52 20246 Hamburg Germany
IVaN HENRiQUEZ, MD, PhD Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology IMOR Foundation University of Barcelona Escoles Pies 81 08017 Barcelona Spain
STEFAN HESSELMANN, MD Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Westfalian Wilhelms University Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33 48149 Mfinster Germany
REINHARD HEYD, MD Department of Radiotherapy Klinikum Offenbach Starkenburgring 66 63069 Offenbach Germany
IVAN HENRIQUEZ, MD Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology IMOR Foundation University of Barcelona Escoles Pies 81 08017 Barcelona Spain
REINHARD HEYD, MD Department of Radiotherapy Community Hospital Offenbach Starkenburgring 66 63069 Offenbach am Main Germany
GUIDO HILDEBRANDT, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology University Hospital Leipzig Stephanstrasse 9a 04103 Leipzig Germany
LUCA INCROCCI, MD, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
]. T. M. JANSEN, PhD Interfaculty Reactor Institute Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15 2629 ]B Delft The Netherlands
GEORG M. KACL, MD Co-Chair, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Limmattal Hospital Urdorferstrasse 100 8952 Schlieren Switzerland
FRIEDRICH-HUGO KAMPRAD, MD Professor em. Hegelstrasse 5 04157 Leipzig Germany and Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology University Hospital Leipzig Stephanstrasse 9a 04103 Leipzig Germany
AXEL. KOEHLER, MD R6ntgenpraxis Alte Torgasse Gemeinschaftspraxis ftir Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Alte Torgasse 10 33098 Paderborn Germany
List of Contributors
OLIVER K/)LBL, MD Professor, Department of Radiotherapy University Regensburg Franz-]osef-Strauss-Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany
MANFRED KORNER, MD Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Alfried-Krupp-Hospital Alfried-Krupp-Strasse 21 Postfach 10 22 43 45117 Essen Germany
HARTMUT KRAHL, MD Professor, Center of Orthopedic-Biomechanical Diagnostics and Prevention, German Sports University Carl-Diem Weg 6 50933 K61n Germany
JOACHIM KUTZNER, MD Professor em., Department of Radiology Med. School ]oh. Gutenberg University Langenbeckstrasse 1 55131 Mainz Germany
]AN WILLEM HENDRIK LEER, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre EO. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
Josl~ ANTONIO LEJ~tRCEGUI, MD, PhD Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology IMOR Foundation University of Barcelona Escoles Pies 81 08017 Barcelona Spain
ERHARD LIEBERMEISTER, MD Department of Radiotherapy St~idt. Klinikum Karlsruhe Moltkestrasse 90 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
PETER LUKAS, MD Professor, Department of Radiotherapy Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck Anichstrasse 35 6020 Innsbruck Austria
CHRISTIANTO LUMENTA, MD Professor, Department of Neurosurgery Krankenhaus Bogenhausen Englschalkinger Stra~e 77 81925 Mfinchen Germany
DORIS MAIER, MD Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau Professor-Ktintscher Strasse 8 82418 Murnau Germany
ARMAN MASHAYEKHI, MD Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Walnut and 9 th Sts., 14 th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
OLIVER MICKE, MD PD, Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Westfalian Wilhelms University Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33 48149 Mfinster Germany and Department of Radiotherapy and Eadiation Oncology Franziskus Hospital Kiskerstrai~e 26 33615 Bielefeld Germany
STEFANIE MILKER-ZABEL, MD Radiologische Universit~itsklinik Heidelberg Abt. RadioOnkologie und Strahlentherapie Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 69120 Heidelberg Germany
List of Contributors
RENE O. MIRIMANOFF, MD Professor, Department of Oncology Centre H6spitalier Universitaire Vaudois - CHUV Avenue de Beaumont 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
MICHAEL MOLLS, MD Professor, Direktor, Klinik und Poliklinik ffir Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Ismaningerstrafle 22 81675 Mfinchen Germany
RALPH MOCKE, MD Strahlentherapie Wiesbaden St. Josefs-Hospital Solmsstrasse 15 65189 Wiesbaden Germany
MURALI MURTY, MD Department of Radiation Oncology Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann University Hospital 216 N, Broad St., MS-200 Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
ANDRAS NANASSY, MD Department of Orthopaedics I Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach Gutmannstrasse 1 76307 Karlsbad Germany
BURKHARD NEU, MD Department of Radiotherapy St~idtisches Klinikum Moltkestrasse 90 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
MARKUS NOTTER, MD Service de Radioth6rapie H6pital Neoch~ttelois Rue de Chasseral 20 2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds Switzerland
ELMAR OESTERREICHER, MD Department of Otolaryngology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Ismaninger Strafle 22 81675 Mfinchen Germany
THOMAS OLSCHEWSKI, MD Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Alfried-Krupp-Hospital Alfried-Krupp-Strasse 21 Postfach 10 22 43 45117 Essen Germany
RALF OPPENKOWSKI, MD Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Alfried-Krupp-Hospital Alfried-Krupp-Strasse 21 Postfach 10 22 43 45117 Essen Germany
BOJAN PAJIC, MD Clinic Palla, Eye Center Louis Giroud-Strasse 20 4600 Olten Switzerland
RENATO G. PANIZZON, MD Professor, Department of Dermatology Centre H6spitalier Universitaire Vaudois - CHUV Avenue de Beaumont 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
PERE SALORT, MD Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology IMOR Foundation University of Barcelona Escoles Pies 81 08017 Barcelona Spain
MARIE-LUISE SAUTTER-BIHL, MD Professor, Department of Radiotherapy, St/idt. Klinikum Karlsruhe Moltkestrasse 90 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
List of Contributors
ULRICH SCH.~FER, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Therapy Klinik ffir Strahlentherapie Klinikum Lemgo Rintelner Strasse 21 32657 Lemgo Germany
PATRICK SCHUELLER, MD Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Westfalian Wilhelms University Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33 48149 Mfinster Germany
MICHAEL HEINRICH SEEGENSCHMIEDT, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Alfried-Krupp-Hospital Alfried-Krupp-Strasse 21 Postfach 10 22 43 45117 Essen Germany and Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology Westfalian Wilhelms University Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33 48149 Mfinster Germany
CAROL L. SHIELDS, MD Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Walnut and 9 th Sts., 14 th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
JERRY A. SHIELDS, MD Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Walnut and 9 th Sts., 14 th Floor,
Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
SUSANNE STAAR, MD PD, Department of Radiation Oncology Central Hospital St.-Jiirgen-Strasse 1 28205 Bremen Germany
GEROLD STUCKI, MD, MS Professor, Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University Hospital Munich Marchioninistrasse 15 81377 Munich Germany
Josg IGNACIO TELLO, MD Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology IMOR Foundation University of Barcelona Escoles Pies 81 08017 Barcelona Spain
KLAUS-RUDIGER TROTT, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Biology St. Bartholomew's Medical College Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
PAUL VAN HOUTTE, MD Service de Radiotherapie Institute Jules Bordet rue H6ger-Bordet 1 1000 Brussels Belgium
HEINZ GREGOR WIESER, MD Professor, Abteilung ffir Epileptologie & Elektro- enzephalographie Neurologische Klinik Universit/itsspital 8091 Ziirich Switzerland
TILO WIEZOREK, Dr. Ing. Department of Radiology/Radiotherapy Friedrich-Schiller-University Bachstr. 18 07740 Jena Germany
ULRICH WOLF, MD Professor, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology University of Leipzig Stephanstrasse 9a 04103 Leipzig Germany
DIETMAR ZIERHUT, MD Klinik ftir Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie Klinikum Stadt Hanau Leimenstratge 20 63450 Hanau Germany
JOHANNES ZOETELIEF, PhD Interfaculty Reactor Institute Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15 2629 JB Delft The Netherlands
List of Contributors
R A D I A T I O N O N C O L O G Y
Lung Cancer Edited by C.W. Scarantino
Innovations in Radiation Oncology Edited by H. R. Withers and L. ]. Peters
Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer Edited by G. E. Laramore
Gastrointestinal Cancer- Radiation Therapy Edited by R.R. Dobelbower, Jr.
Radiation Exposure and Occupational Risks Edited by E. Scherer, C. Streffer, and K.-R. Trott
Radiation Therapy of Benign Diseases A Clinical Guide S. E. Order and S. S. Donaldson
Interventional Radiation Therapy Techniques - Brachytherapy Edited by R. Sauer
Radiopathology of Organs and Tissues Edited by E. Scherer, C. Streffer, and K.-R. Trott
Concomitant Continuous Infusion Chemotherapy and Radiation Edited by M. Rotman and C. ]. Rosenthal
Intraoperative Radiotherapy- Clinical Experiences and Results Edited by F. A. Calvo, M. Santos, and L.W. Brady
Radiotherapy of Intraocular and Orbital Tumors Edited by W. E. Alberti and R. H. Sagerman
Interstitial and Intracavitary Thermoradiotherapy Edited by M. H. Seegenschmiedt and R. Sauer
Non-Disseminated Breast Cancer Controversial Issues in Management Edited by G. H. Fletcher and S.H. Levitt
Current Topics in Clinical Radiobiology of Tumors Edited by H.-P. Beck-Bornholdt
Practical Approaches to Cancer Invasion and Metastases A Compendium of Radiation Oncologists' Responses to 40 Histories Edited by A. R. Kagan with the Assistance of R. ]. Steckel
Radiation Therapy in Pediatric Oncology Edited by J. R. Cassady
Radiation Therapy Physics Edited by A. R. Smith
Late Sequelae in Oncology Edited by J. Dunst and R. Sauer
Mediastinal Tumors. Update 1995 Edited by D. E. Wood and C. R. Thomas, Jr.
Thermoradiotherapy and Thermochemotherapy Volume 1: Biology, Physiology, and Physics
Volume 2: Clinical Applications Edited by M.H. Seegenschmiedt, P. Fessenden, and C.C. Vernon
Carcinoma of the Prostate Innovations in Management Edited by Z. Petrovich, L. Baert, and L.W. Brady
Radiation Oncology of Gynecological Cancers Edited by H.W. Vahrson
Carcinoma of the Bladder Innovations in Management Edited by Z. Petrovich, L. Baert, and L.W. Brady
Blood Perfusion and Microenvironment of Human Tumors Implications for Clinical Radiooncology Edited by M. Molls and P. Vaupel
Radiation Therapy of Benign Diseases A Clinical Guide 2nd Revised Edition S. E. Order and S. S. Donaldson
Carcinoma of the Kidney and Testis, and Rare Urologic Malignancies Innovations in Management Edited by Z. Petrovich, L. Baert, and L.W. Brady
Progress and Perspectives in the Treatment of Lung Cancer Edited by P. Van Houtte, ]. Klastersky, and P. Rocmans
Combined Moflality Therapy of Central Nervous System Tumors Edited by Z. Petrovich, L. W. Brady, M. L. Apuzzo, and M. Bamberg
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Current Treatment Concepts Edited by W. A. Alberti, G. Richard, and R. H. Sagerman
Radiotherapy of Intraocular and Orbital Tumors 2nd Revised Edition Edited by R. H. Sagerman, and W. E. Alberti
Modification of Radiation Response Cytokines, Growth Factors, and Other Biolgical Targets Edited by C. Nieder, L. Milas, and K. K. Ang
Radiation Ontology for Cure and Palliation R. G. Parker, N. A. Janjan, and M. T. Selch
Clinical Target Volumes in Conformal and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy A Clinical Guide to Cancer Treatment Edited by V. Gr6goire, P. Scalliet, and K. K. Ang
Advances in Radiation Ontology in Lung Cancer Edited by Branislav Jeremic"
New Technologies in Radiation Oncology Edited by W. Schlegel, T. Bortfeld, and A.-L. Grosu
Technical Basis of Radiation Therapy 4th Revised Edition Edited by S. H. Levitt, J. A. Purdy, C. A. Perez, and S. Vijayakumar
Late Effects of Cancer Treatment on Normal Tissues Edited by P. Rubin, L. S. Constine, L. B. Marks, and P. Okunieff
Clinical Practice of Radiation Therapy for Benign Diseases Contemporary Concepts and Clinical Results Edited by M. H. Seegenschmiedt, H.-B. Makoski, K.-R. Trott, and L. W. Brady
D I A G N O S T I C I M A G I N G
Innovations in Diagnostic Imaging Edited by J. H. Anderson
Radiology of the Upper Urinary Tract Edited by E. K. Lang
The Thymus- Diagnostic Imaging, Functions, and Pathologic Anatomy Edited by E. Walter, E. Willich, and W. R. Webb
interventional Neuroradiology Edited by A. Valavanis
Radiology of the Pancreas Edited by A. L. Baert, co-edited by G. Delorme
Radiology of the Lower Urinary Tract Edited by E. K. Lang
Magnetic Resonance Angiography Edited by I. P. Arlart, G. M. Bongartz, and G. Marchal
Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the Breast S. Heywang-K6brunner and R. Beck
Spiral CT of the Chest Edited by M. R4my-Jardin and J. R6my
Radiological Diagnosis of Breast Diseases Edited by M. Friedrich and E.A. Sickles
Radiology of the Trauma Edited by M. Heller and A. Fink
Biliary Tract Radiology Edited by P. Rossi, co-edited by M. Brezi
Radiological Imaging of Sports Injuries Edited by C. Masciocchi
Modern Imaging of the Alimentary Tube Edited by A. R. Margulis
Diagnosis and Therapy of Spinal Tumors Edited by P. R. Algra, J. Valk, and J. J. Heimans
Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Edited by J. F. Debatin and G. Adam
Abdominal and Pelvic MRI Edited by A. Heuck and M. Reiser
Orthopedic Imaging Techniques and Applications Edited by A. M. Davies and H. Pettersson
Radiology of the Female Pelvic Organs Edited by E. K.Lang
Magnetic Resonance of the Heart and Great Vessels Clinical Applications Edited by J. Bogaert, AJ. Duerinckx, and F. E. Rademakers
Modern Head and Neck Imaging Edited by S. K. Mukherji and J. A. Castelijns
Radiological Imaging of Endocrine Diseases Edited by J. N. Bruneton in collaboration with B. Padovani and M.-Y. Mourou
Trends in Contrast Media Edited by H. S. Thomsen, R. N. Muller, and R. F. Mattrey
Functional MRI Edited by C. T. W. Moonen and P. A. Bandettini
Radiology of the Pancreas 2nd Revised Edition Edited by A. L. Baert. Co-edited by G. Delorme and L. Van Hoe
Emergency Pediatric Radiology Edited by H. Carty
Spiral CT of the Abdomen Edited by F. Terrier, M. Grossholz, and C. D. Becker
Liver Malignancies Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Edited by C. Bartolozzi and R. Lencioni
Medical Imaging of the Spleen Edited by A. M. De Schepper and F. Vanhoenacker
Radiology of Peripheral Vascular Diseases Edited by E. Zeitler
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Edited by C. Schiepers
Radiology of Blunt Trauma of the Chest P. Schnyder and M. Wintermark
Portal Hypertension Diagnostic Imaging-Guided Therapy Edited by P. Rossi Co-edited by P. Ricci and L. Broglia
Recent Advances in Diagnostic Neuroradiology Edited by Ph. Demaerel
Virtual Endoscopy and Related 3D Techniques Edited by P. Rogalla, J. Terwisscha Van Scheltinga, and B. Hamm
Multislice CT Edited by M. F. Reiser, M. Takahashi, M. Modic, and R. Bruening
Pediatric Uroradiology Edited by R. Fotter
Transfontanellar Doppler Imaging in Neonates A. Couture and C. Veyrac
Radiology of AIDS A Practical Approach Edited by J.W.A.J. Reeders and P.C. Goodman
CT of the Peritoneum Armando Rossi and Giorgio Rossi
Magnetic Resonance Angiography 2nd Revised Edition Edited by I. P. Arlart, G. M. Bongratz, and G. Marchal
Pediatric Chest Imaging Edited by Javier Lucaya and Janet L. Strife
Applications of Sonography in Head and Neck Pathology Edited by J. N. Bruneton in collaboration with C. Raffaelli and O. Dassonville
Imaging of the Larynx Edited by R. Hermans
3D Image Processing Techniques and Clinical Applications Edited by D. Caramella and C. Bartolozzi
Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology Edited by W. S. Mfiller-Forell
Pediatric ENT Radiology Edited by S. J. King and A. E. Boothroyd
Rafliological Imaging of the Small Intestine Edited by N. C. Gourtsoyiannis
Imaging of the Knee Techniques and Applications Edited by A. M. Davies and V. N. Cassar-Pullicino
Perinatal Imaging From Ultrasound to MR Imaging Edited by Fred E. Avni
Radiological Imaging of the Neonatal Chest Edited by V. Donoghue
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology in Liver Transplantation Edited by E. Bficheler, V. Nicolas, C. E. Broelsch, X. Rogiers, and G. Krupski
Radiology of Osteoporosis Edited by S. Grampp
Imaging Pelvic Floor Disorders Edited by C. I. Bartram and J. O. L. DeLancey Associate Editors: S. Halligan, F. M. Kelvin, and J. Stoker
Imaging of the Pancreas Cystic and Rare Tumors Edited by C. Procacci and A. J. Megibow
High Resolution Sonography of the Peripheral Nervous System Edited by S. Peer and G. Bodner
Imaging of the Foot and Ankle Techniques and Applications Edited by A. M. Davies, R. W. Whitehouse, and J. P. R. Jenkins
Radiology Imaging of the Ureter Edited by F. ]offre, Ph. Otal, and M. Soulie
Imaging of the Shoulder Techniques and Applications Edited by A. M. Davies and J. Hodler
Radiology of the Petrous Bone Edited by M. Lemmerling and S. S. Kollias
Interventional Radiology in Cancer Edited by A. Adam, R. F. Dondelinger, and P. R. Mueller
Duplex and Color Doppler Imaging of the Venous System Edited by G. H. Mostbeck
Multifletector-Row CT of the Thorax Edited by U. J. Schoepf
Functional Imaging of the Chest Edited by H.-U. Kauczor
Radiology of the Pharynx and the Esophagus Edited by O. Ekberg
Radiological Imaging in Hematological Malignancies Edited by A. Guermazi
Imaging and Intervention in Abdominal Trauma Edited by R. F. Dondelinger
Multislice CT 2nd Revised Edition Edited by M. F. Reiser, M. Takahashi, M. Modic, and C. R. Becker
Intracranial Vascular Malformations and Aneurysms From Diagnostic Work-Up to Endovascular Therapy Edited by M. Forsting
Radiology and Imaging of the Colon Edited by A. H. Chapman
Coronary Radiology Edited by M. Oudkerk
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Oncology Edited by A. Jackson, D. L. Buckley, and G. J. M. Parker
Imaging in Treatment Planning for Sinonasal Diseases Edited by R. Maroldi and P. Nicolai
Clinical Cardiac MRI With Interactive CD-ROM Edited by J. Bogaert, S. Dymarkowski, and A. M. Taylor
Focal Liver Lesions Detection, Characterization, Ablation Edited by R. Lencioni, D. Cioni, and C. Bartolozzi
Multidetector-Row CT Angiography Edited by C. Catalano and R. Passariello
Paediatric Musculoskeletal Diseases With an Emphasis on Ultrasound Edited by D. Wilson
Contrast Media in Ultrasonography Basic Principles and Clinical Applications Edited by Emilio Quaia
MR Imaging in White Matter Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord Edited by M. Filippi, N. De Stefano, V. Dousset, and J. C. McGowan
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine 2nd Revised Edition Edited by C. Schiepers
Imaging of the Kidney Cancer Edited by A. Guermazi
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ischemic Stroke Edited by R. von Kummer and T. Back
Imaging of the Hip & Bony Pelvis Techniques and Applications Edited by A. M. Davies, K. J. Johnson, and R. W. Whitehouse
Imaging of Occupational and Environmental Disorders of the Chest Edited by P. A. Gevenois and P. De Vuyst
Contrast Media Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines Edited by H. S. Thomsen
Virtual Colonoscopy A Practical Guide Edited by P. Lefere and S. Gryspeerdt
Vascular Embolotherapy A Comprehensive Approach Volume 1: General Principles, Chest, Abdomen, and Great Vessels Edited by J. Golzarian. Co-edited by S. Sun and M. J. Sharafuddin
Vascular Embolotherapy A Comprehensive Approach Volume 2: Oncology, Trauma, Gene Therapy, Vascular Malformations, and Neck Edited by J. Golzarian. Co-edited by S. Sun and M. ]. Sharafuddin
Head and Neck Cancer Imaging Edited by R. Hermans
Vascular Interventional Radiology Current Evidence in Endovascular Surgery Edited by M. G. Cowling
Ultrasound of the Gastrointestinal Tract Edited by G. Maconi and G. Bianchi Porro
Imaging of Orthopedic Sports Injuries Edited by F. M. Vanhoenacker, M. Maas, J. L. M. A. Gielen
Parallel Imaging in Clinical MR Applications Edited by S. O. Schoenberg, O. Dietrich, and F. M. Reiser
MR and CT of the Female Pelvis Edited by B. Hamm and R. Forstner
Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System S. Bianchi and C. Martinoli
Spinal Imaging Diagnostic Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord Edited by ]. W. M. Van Goethem, L. Van den Hauwe, and P. M. Parizel
Radiation Dose from Adult and Pediatric Multidetector Computed Tomography Edited by" D. Tack and P. A. Gevenois
Computed Tomography of the Lung A Pattern Approach J. A. Verschakelen and W. De Wever
Clinical Functional MRI Presurgical Functional Neuroimaging Edited bei C. Stippich
Imaging in Transplantation Edited by A. A. Bankier
Radiological Imaging of the Digestive System in Infants and Children Edited by A. Devos and J. G. Blickman
Pediatric Chest Imaging Chest Imaging in Infants and Children 2nd Revised Edition Edited by ]. Lucaya and ]. L. Strife
Radiological Imaging of the Neonatal Chest 2nd Revised Edition Edited by V. Donoghue
Radiology of the Stomach and Duodenum Edited by A. Freeman and E. Sale
Imaging in Pediatric Skeletal Trauma Techniques and Applications Edited by K. ]. Johnson and E. Bache
Percutaneous Tumor Ablation in Medical Radiology Edited by T. ]. Vogl, T. K. Helmberger, M. G. Mack, and M. F. Reiser
Screening and Preventive Diagnosis with Radiological Imaging Edited by M. F. Reiser, G. van Knick, C. Fink, and S. O. Schoenberg
Color Doppler US of the Penis Edited by M. Bertolotto
Image Processing in Radiology Current Applications Edited by E. Neri, D. Caramella, and C. Bartolozzi
